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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Heart disease is a significant problem in women. Age, smoking, and hyperlipidemia are potent risk factors, as is the presence of diabetes. Hypertension is less of a risk factor in women than men. Diagnosis of coronary artery disease is most difficult in women, especially using non-invasive techniques, because of a lower prevalence of disease. Thrombolytic therapy may be associated with more bleeding in older, smaller women. Angioplasty and surgical bypass may be more difficult because of smaller coronary artery size in women. Exercise, aspirin, and estrogens appear to decrease the incidence and mortality of heart disease in women, but concern has been raised that the use of resources for the study, prevention and treatment of heart disease has a gender bias, with men receiving more than their fair share.
W V Med J 1992 Dec
PMID:Heart disease in women. 149 6

A risk factor is a characteristic which is associated with a greater than average probability of developing coronary disease. Raised serum cholesterol and hypertension are two such factors. Intervention studies conducted to confirm the risk factor hypothesis have shown that reduction of serum cholesterol and essential hypertension may be associated with a small decreased CHD incidence, however there were almost as many deaths due to coronary disease in the intervention groups as in the control groups. These findings suggest that our approach to risk factor intervention may be a misguided attempt which needs modification. It is possible that the major risk factors develop in an attempt of our body to adapt to environmental factors such as increased intake of salt, saturated fat and cholesterol, physical inactivity, increased intake of calories and obesity and stress. Smoking may be the result of social changes. Since the body has to modify its metabolic mechanism depending upon the factor to which it adapts, development of hyperlipidemia and hypertension may be protective mechanisms of the body which it has developed while fighting against environmental factors. Reduction of major risk factors by drug therapy may mean that we are trying to prevent the body, fighting environmental factors. Thus our approach to control of the major risk factors should be to treat the causative environmental factors or alter the lifestyle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Med Hypotheses 1992 Dec
PMID:Risk factors for coronary heart disease: synthesis of a new hypothesis through adaptation. 149 21

Corpulent male rats of the atherosclerosis prone JCR:LA-corpulent strain were fed diets supplemented with 10% by weight of olive oil or red fish oil. These rats are obese, with VLDL hyperlipidemia and marked insulin resistance. The diets were maintained to 9 months of age. Olive oil-fed rats had a 45% reduction in triglyceride concentrations with no significant changes in cholesterol or phospholipids. Red fish oil caused significant reduction in all lipid classes, with a 65% reduction in triglycerides and 35% reduction in cholesterol concentrations. Olive oil caused increases in the relative concentrations of oleic acid-containing triglycerides, while red fish oil preferentially enriched the longer chain fatty acids. There were no significant changes in insulin or glucose metabolism. The incidence of myocardial lesions, characteristic of the JCR:LA-cp strain, was unaltered by either oil-supplemented diet. These results, in a spontaneous animal model for cardiovascular disease, are consistent with other studies showing that diets rich in n-3 fatty acids do not, in themselves, confer protection against cardiovascular disease in animal models with genetically or experimentally induced lipid disorders.
Exp Mol Pathol 1991 Dec
PMID:Effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids on atherosclerosis prone JCR:LA-corpulent rats. 174 17

Physical training is associated with lower plasma insulin concentrations and increased sensitivity to insulin in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The benefits of exercise to individuals with NIDDM in terms of increased insulin sensitivity could be applied to reversing the insulin resistance associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Exercise may also benefit women with GDM by acting as an adjunct to diet in preventing excessive weight gain and preventing or decreasing the severity of hypertension and/or hyperlipidemia during pregnancy. Regular physical exercise should be considered as a potential approach to the prevention and treatment of GDM.
Diabetes 1991 Dec
PMID:Exercise in the treatment of NIDDM. Applications for GDM? 174 53

The prevention of stroke has undenied merit. Recognition of stroke-inducing conditions (eg, cardiac diseases associated with embolism, polycythemia) provides opportunities for specific prevention strategies. For a larger number of patients, however, risk factors for degenerative vascular disease should be addressed. The evidence for efficacy is strongest for treatment of hypertension, and smoking cessation also reduces the risk of stroke. The value of treatment of hyperlipidemia in reducing the incidence of a first stroke remains to be demonstrated. Optimal management of carotid bruit and asymptomatic stenosis will be clarified by results of ongoing clinical trials. On the basis of available data, use of aspirin by healthy persons without risk factors cannot be recommended as a method for preventing a first ischemic stroke.
Postgrad Med 1991 Dec
PMID:Ischemic stroke. How to keep the first one from happening. 174 39

To clarify the mechanism of the high incidence of ischemic heart disease in the diabetics, we studied the particle size of the lipoprotein with particular attention to the structural abnormality. Using high performance liquid chromatography, the particle size of the lipoprotein was determined with elution volume, which was precisely correlated with the particle size. The particle size of low density lipoprotein (LDL) from the diabetics with normolipidemia is larger than that from the nondiabetics (p less than 0.001) in the elution pattern of triglyceride. The examination of the elution pattern of the triglyceride and cholesterol revealed that this large LDL was composed of a large amount of triglyceride. These characteristics of the large LDL resembled that of the atherogenic intermediate density lipoprotein. The particle size of high density lipoprotein (HDL) from the diabetics with normolipidemia was larger than that from the nondiabetic controls (p less than 0.001), detected by the elution pattern of triglyceride. The comparison of the triglyceride and cholesterol elution pattern indicated that also the large HDL in the diabetics with normolipidemia was rich with triglyceride, which was reported to inhibit the activity of the lipid transfer protein. These facts revealed that the disorder of the lipid metabolism not accompanied with hyperlipidemia produced the large LDL and HDL, which might lead to the excess mortality rate of the ischemic heart disease in the diabetics even with normolipidemia.
Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ 1991 Dec
PMID:Abnormal particle size of lipoprotein in non-insulin-dependent diabetics and nondiabetics with and without hyperlipidemia. 176 62

Mortality, morbidity, liver function and regeneration were evaluated in dogs that had undergone simultaneous major resection of the liver and the pancreas. The 10-week survival rate was only 25% in the dogs that underwent 70% hepatectomy with more than 92% pancreatectomy, and many of them died of liver failure. Long-term survival was observed in more than 60% of the dogs after 70% hepatectomy with less than 92% pancreatectomy or after 40% hepatectomy with more than 92% pancreatectomy. The liver regeneration rate was reduced with the extent of the pancreatectomy, and the reduction was remarkable especially when more than 92% of the pancreas was resected. The frequency of diabetes was reduced when the pancreatectomy was combined with hepatectomy. Hyperlipemia and fatty liver were noted in all the dogs of the group that underwent more than 92% pancreatectomy alone. They were observed also in the postoperative diabetic groups but not in non-diabetic groups. The postoperative recovery of hepatic function and liver regeneration were delayed after simultaneous hepatectomy-pancreatectomy. Also, postoperative carbohydrate and lipid metabolism was better maintained in the hepatectomy-pancreatectomy groups than in the pancreatectomy-alone groups.
Gastroenterol Jpn 1991 Dec
PMID:Simultaneous extensive resection of the liver and the pancreas in dogs. 176 48

In this paper, we review the effects of rice bran oil (RBO), an unconventional oil recently introduced onto the Indian market for human use. RBO contains oleic acid (38.4%), linoleic acid (34.4%), and linolenic acid (2.2%) as unsaturated fatty acids, and palmitic (21.5%) and stearic (2.9%) acids as saturated fatty acids. The unsaponifiable fraction (4.2%) has total tocopherols (81.3 mg%), gamma-oryzanol (1.6%), and squalene (320 mg%). Oryzanol is a mixture of ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohols such as cycloartenol (CA) (106 mg%) and 24-methylene cycloartanol (494 mg%). Studies on experimental rats demonstrated a hypolipidemic effect of RBO. The unsaponifiable fraction of RBO lowers cholesterol levels. Feeding phytosterols, CA, and 24-methylene cycloartanol in amounts present in RBO to hypercholesterolemic rats for 8 weeks indicates that CA alone reduces cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly. Endogenous sterol excretion increases in animals given CA. The accumulation of CA in the liver inhibits cholesterol esterase activity, which in turn leads to reduction in circulating cholesterol levels. CA is structurally similar to cholesterol and may compete with the binding sites of cholesterol and sequestrate cholesterol, which is metabolized to its derivatives. RBO, which is rich in tocopherols and tocotrienols, may improve oxidative stability. Tocotrienols inhibit HMG CoA reductase, resulting in hypocholesterolemia. The hypolipidemic effect of RBO has also been established in human subjects. Thus, RBO could be a suitable edible oil for patients with hyperlipidemia.
J Am Coll Nutr 1991 Dec
PMID:Nutritional and biochemical aspects of the hypolipidemic action of rice bran oil: a review. 177 Jan 91

We present a 35-year-old male patient with a recurrent xanthoma within the dermis of the elbow. There was no clinical evidence of hyperlipidaemia. The very unusual feature in this case was the presence of a plexiform growth pattern, not to our knowledge previously described in xanthomata. This necessitated distinction from a true neoplasm, most particularly of neural type.
Histopathology 1991 Dec
PMID:Plexiform xanthoma: an unusual variant. 178 41

Visceral fat obesity (VFO) with predominant intra-abdominal fat accumulation has been shown to be more often associated with metabolic disorders than subcutaneous fat obesity (SFO). In the present study, changes in fat distribution and their effects on metabolic complications were investigated in forty premenopausal female obese patients in whom substantial weight reduction was obtained by means of a low calorie diet. Analysis of fat distribution by CT scanning demonstrated that visceral fat decreased to a greater extent than abdominal subcutaneous fat, which was particularly evident in VFO patients. On the other hand, change of fat distribution was small in SFO patients. That is, visceral to subcutaneous abdominal fat ratio (V/S ratio) decreased from 0.62 +/- 0.36 to 0.46 +/- 0.33 in VFO, whereas from 0.23 +/- 0.07 to 0.20 +/- 0.09 in SFO after weight reduction. Although obese patients, especially those with VFO, were frequently associated with glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia, marked diminution was observed in the elevated levels of plasma glucose area on 75g OGTT, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride after weight reduction. By the examination of interrelationship between the changes in body weight, BMI, total and regional fat volume and changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, we found that the decrease in the V/S ratio and visceral fat volume were more strongly correlated with the improvement in plasma glucose and lipid metabolism compared to the decrease in body weight, BMI, total fat volume and abdominal subcutaneous fat volume. Furthermore, partial correlation analyses demonstrated that the metabolic improvements were associated with changes in visceral abdominal fat after control for changes in total adipose tissue volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Int J Obes 1991 Dec
PMID:Improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism associated with selective reduction of intra-abdominal visceral fat in premenopausal women with visceral fat obesity. 179 28


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