Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polymorphism at the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) locus is an important factor in the development of remnant (Type III) hyperlipidemia and also influences the distribution of cholesterol concentrations in the population. The new method for ApoE phenotyping described here gives good results with simple apparatus. Serum (10 microL) is digested with sialidase (EC 3.2.1.18), delipidated, and redissolved in 6 mol/L urea. Electrofocusing is carried out in agarose, followed by immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody to ApoE and an anti-immunoglobulin-peroxidase conjugate. Sialidase-catalyzed digestion effectively removes sialated forms of ApoE, which eases interpretation. This method can be used in nonspecialist laboratories and is particularly suited for assay of large numbers of samples.
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PMID:Apolipoprotein E phenotype determined by agarose gel electrofocusing and immunoblotting. 279 Dec 74

The relationship between apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism and plasma lipids and hyperlipemia was investigated in 105 male type II diabetics and 111 male nondiabetics. ApoE phenotypes were determined by a one-dimensional rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method as described previously. The apoE phenotype frequency in diabetics was similar to that in nondiabetics. The frequency of hyperlipemia was higher in diabetics (56.2%) than in nondiabetics (32.4%). It was highest in the apoE3/2 group of diabetics and nondiabetics, followed by the apoE4/3 and apoE3/3 groups in the order described, indicating that the susceptibility to hyperlipemia differs among the apoE phenotype groups. ApoE3/2 diabetics had significantly higher levels of apoE and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (chol)/VLDL triglyceride (TG) ratios than apoE3/3 diabetics. The effects of diabetes mellitus on plasma lipid levels differed among the various apoE phenotype groups: i.e., plasma total chol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) chol increased only in apoE3/2 and apoE4/3 diabetics and plasma high-density lipoprotein chol decreased only in apoE3/3 diabetics, as compared with the corresponding apoE phenotype groups of nondiabetics, whereas plasma TG, VLDL TG, and VLDL chol increased in the three apoE phenotype diabetics. Furthermore, an increase of apoEII:apoEIII ratio was observed in apoE3/3 diabetics, particularly in those with hypertriglyceridemia. This study has also shown that the increased apoEII:apoEIII ratio is due to increased sialation of apoE based on the study of sialidase digestion of apo VLDL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and hyperlipemia in type II diabetics. 377 Mar 14

Newly developed Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FTIR) techniques were applied to diagnosis of adulthood disease and to reveal the role of unsaturated fatty acids in neuronal function. A new FTIR technique was developed to monitor the change of lipid content in the human oral mucosa noninvasibly. By this technique the infrared spectrum of oral mucosa was found to change in good relation to that of triglyceride level in blood of adult volunteers. This indicates that the new infrared technique may be useful for future diagnoses of hyperlipidemia or triglyceridemia noninvasively. It was found that the deficiency of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain membranes decreased the bright-ness-discrimination learning performance in rats, and a change of membrane surface structures was detected nondestructively by FTIR after the learning task in comparison with the structure of membrane surfaces before the learning. The evidence obtained from this technique suggested that a change of sialic acid binding form in the brain membranes occurred after the learning task in rats fed n-3 rich diet but not in rats fed n-3 deficient diet. This was further confirmed by a chemical analysis of sialidase-sensitive sialic acid contents in the membrane. These evidences show that the newly developed infrared spectroscopic techniques are useful not only for the noninvasive diagnoses for human adulthood diseases but also for the nondestructive analysis of biomembrane.
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PMID:New infrared spectroscopic technique as a tool to reveal roles of unsaturated fatty acids in diseases and synaptic functions. 865 60

Mammalian sialidases (NEU1, NEU2, NEU3 and NEU4) that remove sialic acids from glycoconjugates have been implicated in diverse cellular functions. Human sialidases are involved in the development of various disease states such as cancer, diabetes and arteriosclerosis. Unregulated acidic sialidase NEU1 activity is associated with the pathogenesis of lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) sialidosis, abnormal immune responses and cancer progression. Obesity is closely related to several chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia or hypertension that are associated with metabolic syndrome. We examined fluctuations in mRNA levels and sialidase activities of NEU1 in two strains of obese and diabetic mice to assess the involvement of NEU1 in obesity. The activity of NEU1 was preferentially higher in epididymal fat and lower in the livers of two strains of obese and diabetic mice. Fluctuations in NEU1 activity might be associated with the pathological status of these tissues in obesity.
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PMID:Acidic sialidase activity is aberrant in obese and diabetic mice. 2372 24