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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma samples obtained during a prevalence study of hyperlipemia in a free-living urban population were analyzed for phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine content by automated high-temperature gas--liquid chromatographic (GLC) and manual colorimetric phosphorus (thin-layer chromatographic, TLC) methods. The GLC estimates were obtained from a quantitative analysis of the diacylglycerol, ceramide and monoacylglycerol moieties released from the parent phospholipids by digestion with phospholipase C, while the TLC estimates were derived by manual colorimetric phosphorus analyses of the individual phospholipid classes resolved by TLC. On samples analyzed over a two-year period the methods gave excellent correlation for the total phospholipids (r = 0.98), phosphatidylcholine (r = 0.98) and sphingomyelin (r = 0.90), but resulted in a poor agreement for lysophosphatidylcholine (r = 0.69). Comparable results were obtained for estimates of these phospholipids in plasma very low density, low density and high density lipoproteins. The between-method coefficient of variation ranged from 3 to 5% for phosphatidylcholine and from 5 to 10% for sphingomyelin. The relative error for the estimates of lysophosphatidylcholine ranged from 10 to 25%, and was due to the inclusion in the GLC estimates of a variable proportion of plasma free monoacylglycerols. Other differences between the two methods are due to various analytical errors and biases inherent in the two techniques. The within-day, within GLC, relative error averaged 1% for phosphatidylcholine, 3% for sphingomyelin and 5% for lysophosphatidylcholine. The apparent high precision and accuracy of the GLC method recommend it as an alternative to conventional direct methods of phospholipid analyses based on TLC isolation of lipid classes and colorimetric measurements of their phosphorus content. The GLC analyses of the plasma phospholipids are particularly convenient in conjunction with GLC measurements of plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerols, where a smaller throughput of samples is not a limitation and where both total amount and relative proportion of the lipids are of interest.
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PMID:Comparative determination of plasma phospholipids by automated gas--liquid chromatographic and manual colorimetric phosphorus methods. 738 Aug 92

This review describes categories of renal function (normal, renal insufficiency, end-stage renal failure), types of treatment modalities (renal insufficiency management, dialysis, transplantation), and corresponding dietary parameters (protein, energy, fiber, sodium, fluid, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, vitamins, minerals). The focus is directed toward general and nonrenal specialty practitioners, who are encountering a growing number of geriatric patients and patients who have undergone renal transplantation or are in early renal failure. The findings indicate that early intervention may delay or prevent rapid progression of renal disease in some patients, that treatment modalities continue to need individualized dietary support to maintain nutritional status, and that transplant goals should include control of obesity and hyperlipidemia to reduce cardiovascular mortality.
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PMID:Which diet for which renal failure: making sense of the options. 861 54

Kidney disease Prevention in childhood can be made from three levels. In the first level or Primary Prevention one must prevent kidney disease taking steps for "Kidney Health" promotion: environmental factors, nourishing, sanitary education and preventive pediatrics. Secondary Prevention lies in the correct diagnostic during first years in life and in a suitable treatment of the kidney diseases, especially in children to have a kidney failure risk: obstructive uropathy and vesicoureteral reflux. Tertiary Prevention deals with aggravating factors in an established Kidney chronic failure, and its prevention includes: normoproteic diet, phosphorus restriction, arterial hypertension control and nutritional and pharmacological steps to reduce the hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:[Guide for the prevention of renal diseases during and after childhood]. 850 87

1. The best way to prevent early growth failure in children with renal disease is by the use of specified nutrition and appropriate buffer, activated vitamin D, and calcium-containing phosphate binders as needed. With prenatal diagnosis of anatomically abnormal kidneys available, this type of early intervention may be much more feasible in the 1990s. 2. Supplemental sodium and water in children with polyuria and intravascular volume depletion may prevent growth failure. Cow milk is detrimental in this group of individuals because of high solute and protein load, often causing intravascular volume depletion, hyperphosphatemia, and acidosis. 3. Children with acquired glomerular disease may need sodium restriction and, if treated with steroids, a diet low in saturated fat. 4. Children with nephrotic syndrome and severe edema should be evaluated for malabsorption and subsequent malnutrition. Protein intake should be supplemented only at the RDA and to replace ongoing losses. Long-term sodium restriction is appropriate. Hyperlipidemia should be monitored: if nephrosis is chronic, a low saturated fat diet should be instituted. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can decrease urinary protein loss and may ameliorate hyperlipidemia. Children resistant to therapy can have very high morbidity. 5. Children with <50 % of normal creatinine clearance should have PTH measured and activated vitamin D therapy should be started if PTH is elevated more than two to three times normal. Thereafter careful monitoring of calcium, phosphorus, and PTH is crucial to prevent renal osteodystrophy, low turnover bone disease, and hypercalcemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. 6. Children with tubular defects with severe polyuria also may benefit from low-solute, high-volume feedings. 7. All physicians caring for children with renal disease should have pediatric nephrology consultation available. Prevention of growth failure is much more cost effective than pharmacologic therapy. Before initiating growth hormone treatment for growth retardation, assiduous treatment of co-existing renal osteodystrophy and provision of optimal nutritional intake should be accomplished.
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PMID:Nutritional management of the child with mild to moderate chronic renal failure. 876 44

Though calcium plays an important role in a number of biologic processes related to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the relationship of serum calcium and phosphorus levels with the angiographic severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) is not known. We retrospectively studied 376 stable patients (age range 31-86 years, mean 59.2 +/- 10.5 years; 68% males) undergoing routine coronary angiography and related the angiographic severity of CAD with the serum levels of total and corrected calcium, phosphorus, albumin, total protein and bicarbonate. The primary variable studied was the number of vessels with haemodynamically significant disease. On univariate analysis, total serum calcium and serum albumin levels had a negative association with the number of vessels diseased (P = 0.046 and 0.057, respectively). Multiple regression analysis using age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, ethnicity and family history, in addition to serum calcium, phosphorus and albumin levels as the predictor variables, showed that serum albumin has an independent negative and serum phosphorus has an independent positive association with the angiographic severity of CAD (P = 0.04 and 0.003, respectively; n = 294). Serum phosphorus level also showed highly significant positive associations with the presence of total or subtotal occlusion and with most severe stenosis observed on angiography. A moderate change in the serum level of albumin or phosphorus confers a risk similar to that associated with smoking, as estimated by the odds ratios.
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PMID:Serum calcium, phosphorus and albumin levels in relation to the angiographic severity of coronary artery disease. 920 42

Socio-demographic, anthropometric assessment, dietary pattern, lifestyle of 384 Thai elderly (55 males and 329 females) aged 60-94 years, who were members of an informal social activity group, were investigated. The 3-day dietary record was determined with the help of food models by random sampling of the group (seven males and 25 females). Most of the males investigated were married (88.9%), whereas 42.9% of the females were widowed. Nearly all of the elderly investigated lived with their relatives. Only 3% of the elderly had never attended school. More elderly males than females smoked or had smoked in the past, and this applies also to their drinking habits. The health situation of the individuals investigated seemed to be satisfactory. The most frequent diseases found among the elderly were chronic diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. No statistically significant difference in body mass index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), and hip circumference was found between males and females. Weight, height, mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), arm span, waist, waist/hip ratio and blood pressure of the males were significantly higher than those of the females. Tricep skin-fold thickness (TSF) and subscapular skin-fold thickness (SST) were lower for males than for females. A total of 54.5% of the males and 50.5% of the females were found to be over-nourished. Less than 2% of all the individuals investigated were undernourished. No significant differences were observed for all nutrients between the males and females. Intake of dietary energy from food for males and females was 69.8 and 75.5%, respectively, compared with the Thai RDA. When calculating the intake of macro-nutrients as percentage of total calorie intake, about 17% of the total calorie intake was attributed to fat, 13% to protein and 70% to carbohydrate for the males. For the females, the figures were 17, 15, and 68%, respectively. Intake of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin B1, B2 and niacin seem to be inadequate for both sexes.
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PMID:Activity, dietary intake, and anthropometry of an informal social group of Thai elderly in Bangkok. 1086 68

We report an 11 month-old infant with severe hypercalcemia associated with hyperlipidemia following bolus vitamin D administration. At the time of admission, serum concentration of calcium was 5.5 mmol/l (22 mg/dl); total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride levels were respectively: 6.37 mmol/l (246 mg/dl), 0.77 mmol/l (30 mg/dl), 1.37 mmol/l (54 mg/dl), 4.1 mmol/l (162 mg/dl), 3 mmol/l (271 mg/dl). Physical examination revealed dehydration and irritability that was inappropriately mild according to the serum calcium level. On the 16th day of therapy that consisted of intravenous fluids with furosemide (sodium diuresis), steroid, calcitonin, magnesium sulfate, and phosphorus, serum calcium level declined below 3 mmol/l (12 mg/dl). The hyperlipidemia resolved gradually with a concomitant decline in serum calcium. This report is interesting in that hypercalcemia was associated with transient hyperlipidemia that disappeared with normocalcemia, which might suggest protection against hypercalcemic symptoms.
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PMID:Severe hypercalcemia of an infant due to vitamin D toxicity associated with hypercholesterolemia. 1151 34

Cardiovascular disease mortality is high in children on maintenance dialysis, accounting for about 25% of patient deaths. Cardiovascular-related mortality rates for children on dialysis are higher than for children with successful kidney transplants. Data on the long-term consequences of risk factors for cardiovascular disease are lacking for pediatric end-stage renal disease patients. This article reviews pediatric data pertaining to the following risk factors: anemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal calcium-phosphorus metabolism, and hyperhomocysteinemia. The potential relationship of end-stage renal disease to the etiology of several functional disorders of the cardiovascular system is discussed. Clinical studies are needed to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the pediatric end-stage renal disease population. Possible preventive and therapeutic guidelines need to be developed for at-risk children on maintenance dialysis.
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PMID:Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in children on maintenance dialysis. 1153 19

Dialysis patients constitute a high-risk subset of patients for developing cardiovascular disease, which accounts for nearly 50% of deaths. After stratification for age, race and gender, cardiovascular mortality is 10-20 times higher in dialysis patients than in the general population. Cardiovascular disease in this population cannot be fully explained by the high prevalence of classical cardiovascular risk factors (age, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, etc.). Thus, the involvement of "new" cardiovascular risk factors (hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, high lipoprotein (a) levels, oxidative stress, inflammation, etc.), and uremia-related factors (anemia, impaired calcium-phosphorus metabolism, hyperparathyroidism, accumulation of endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis, etc.) has been also invoked to play a role in the increased cardiovascular risk in these patients. Endothelial dysfunction is the initial event in the development of atherosclerosis. Uremic patients exhibit an endothelial dysfunction, even before starting dialysis, which persists o is even aggravated under dialysis treatment. Uremic patients must be considered at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Thus cardiovascular risk factors in these patients should be managed early, aggressive and multifactorially in order to reduce their high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:[Cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic renal failure. Patients in renal replacement therapy]. 1198 73

An experiment was performed to determine the effect of cortisone on the serum lipids and on the development of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in the rabbit. Litter mate rabbits of the same sex were employed; both sexes were represented in the experiment. The report is based upon four experimental groups comprising (1) 12 rabbits fed cholesterol and treated with cortisone vehicle; (2) 12 rabbits fed cholesterol and treated daily with cortisone; (3) 11 rabbits treated with cortisone; and (4) 7 rabbits that received cortisone vehicle. It was observed that: (1) There was less aortic atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed cortisone-treated rabbits as judged by both morphological and chemical means than in the rabbits fed cholesterol without cortisone treatment. (2) Cortisone depressed appreciably the hypercholesterolemia resulting from the feeding of cholesterol to rabbits. (3) Cortisone treatment caused a moderate hypercholesterolemia in normal rabbits. (4) Cortisone caused a moderate increase in serum lipid phosphorus equal to that produced by cholesterol feeding alone. (5) The combination of cholesterol feeding and cortisone did not result in a higher phospholipidemia than either one of these agents alone. (6) Cortisone caused a great increase in serum-neutral fat; it was not apparent whether cholesterol feeding affected the neutral fat lipemia due to cortisone treatment alone. (7) The total cholesterol to lipid phosphorus ratio was about normal in the rabbits that received cortisone only. It was doubled in the animals receiving both cholesterol and cortisone, and it was increased about four times in those that received only cholesterol. The significance of the alterations in the serum lipids induced by cortisone is discussed in relation to the inhibition of the development of aortic atherosclerosis that occurred in the cholesterol-fed rabbits treated with cortisone.
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PMID:The effect of cortisone on the serum lipids and on the development of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in the rabbit. 1315 82


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