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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of zinc. Ten stabilized patients of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) were given 200 mg of zinc sulphate orally thrice a day for one month (Test group). Ten other patients were given a placebo (Control group). Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, alpha-lipoproteins and beta-lipoproteins were measured before and after the treatment period. Test group showed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins, a significant increase in alpha-lipoproteins and no significant change in triglycerides. Control group showed no significant change in any parameter. These results show the potential value of zinc sulphate in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and IHD.
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PMID:Effect of oral zinc sulphate on serum lipids and lipoproteins in human subjects. 316 59

Is is well known from laboratory investigations and acute intervention studies that glucagon is involved in lipid metabolism. The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate a possible sustained effect of zinc-protamin-glucagon in moderately hyperlipidaemic patients. 4 patients were investigated after an acute bolus dose of glucagon 5 mg intravenously and 16 patients were given zinc-protamin-glucagon 5 mg subcutaneously, b.i.d. for 5 days. A similar degree of decrease of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides was obtained in the acute and chronic study, while the increase in fasting blood sugar and plasma insulin seen in the acute study was not present after 5 days treatment. The effect on plasma triglycerides was much more variable than the effect on plasma cholesterol. Five days after treatment the lipid concentrations had returned to the pretreatment values. The effect could not be predicted from the pretreatment lipid concentrations, neither by the type of hyperlipidaemia present. The decrease in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were not correlated. The drug might prove useful in the long term research of lipid metabolism and the various complex hormonal interactions.
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PMID:Sustained effect of zinc-protamin-glucagon in hyperlipidaemic patients. 663 8

Iatrogenic pathology of the optic nerve is examined according to a framework which distinguishes direct and indirect effects on the optic nerve. Direct effects due to toxic drugs should be suspected when unexplained, usually bilateral loss of visual acuity occurs. The 3 clinical stages of classical optic toxic neuropathy are 1) anomalies of color vision, 2) loss of visual acuity and narrowing field of vision, and 3) papillary palor corresponding to irreversible optic atrophy. Usually only the 1st stages are reversible, but the reversibility may be incomplete. The list of drugs which can cause such effects is lengthy and includes antiinfectious drugs such as sulfamides and derivatives of hydroxyquinoleins, chloramphenicol especially when used to treat cystic fibrosis of the pancreas in children, the antituberculins ethambutol in high doses and isoniazide, which occasion particular risks when combined; antiparasitics such as quinine and its derivatives chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, which cause optic neuropathy through their effect on the retina; arsenic pentavalents such as tryparsamide, quinacrine, trecator and mystatin; drugs affecting the central nervous system such as monoamineoxydase inhibitors, laroxyl, phenothiazine and the barbituates; anticonvulsants such as phenytoin; antimitotics such as vincristine; digitalics, disulfiram; penicillamines, and pexid. The action of lasers on the optic nerve can have a similar effect. The optic nerve may be indirectly damaged during surgical procedures leading to hypotonia, acute ischemia of the head of the optic nerve or embolic accident after a local or regional injection. Damage may also be caused by radiotherapy of intracranial tumors and certain drugs which cause isolated papillary edema or edema associated with headaches, such as Tetracycline, large doses of vitamin A or D, corticoids, and oral contraceptive (OC) pills, which may cause papillary edema through cerebral pseudo-tumors that regress with discontinuation of treatment. This condition has been observed in women with uncontrolled hyperlipidemia. It is probable that an alteration ofaxonal transport is at the basis of the neuropathic mechanisms. The 1st step in therapy is the suppression of the toxin, or at least its discontinuation. Some success has been obtained with vitamin B therapy, corticotherapy, zinc, or isaxonine, depending on the specific condition.
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PMID:[Iatrogenic pathology of the optic nerve]. 676 92

Age-related changes in serum copper and zinc concentrations were evaluated in approximately 800 Beagle dogs. A 20% increase with age was established for both elements. Seasonal variation was also found to have a marked effect on serum zinc with the values positively correlated to ambient temperature. In contrast, serum copper was not affected by temperature. Hemolysis, but not lipemia, was found to affect analytical results.
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PMID:Seasonal variations and the effects of age on serum copper and zinc values in the dog. 725 89

Modified LDL, caused by many factors, is associated with increased atherogenisity. In many modified LDLs, it is recognized that LDL oxidation occurs in vivo, and oxidized LDL demonstrates enhanced cellular uptake by macrophage scavenger receptor, foam cell formation. In vitro, iron and zinc are necessary for oxidized LDL and lipid peroxisides, and considering these elements to participate in vivo, particularly hyperlipidemia. In fact, hyperlipidemia with high serum levels iron or zinc concentration is a risk factor of coronary heart disease. Further, the possibility of selenium insufficiency accelerated lipid peroxisides in vivo, because glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), the antioxidant effect, includes selenium, and GSHPx hyperproduction are recognized in atherosclerotic lesion. It is known that oxidized LDL are more excessive in hyperlipidemia, so hyperlipidemia may suffer more from trace element status in vivo. Enzymes and hormones, influencing lipid metabolism, are necessary for many trace elements their activation. Trace elements may therefore, be important in several stage of lipid metabolism.
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PMID:[The role of trace elements concerning to disorders of lipid metabolism]. 858 9

Administration of bezafibrate in rats significantly reduced the levels of plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in comparison with those obtained in rats fed a soy or lard chow. Moreover, an elevation of in vitro conjugated diene production and linoleic acid levels in the high-density lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins induced by a soy or lard chow, was reduced by bezafibrate administration. In addition, the liver Cu2+, Zn2+-superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene expression showed a significant positive correlation with the liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) mRNA level (R=0.769, p<0.0001). This unique characteristic of bezafibrate, which possesses both a hypolipidemic effect and antioxidant activity, may be beneficial in preventing vascular complications in hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Bezafibrate has an antioxidant effect: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is associated with Cu2+, Zn2+-superoxide dismutase in the liver. 967 48

Oligo-elements such as zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and copper (Cu) have a significant influence on the function of the immune system. Various immunological and inflammatory changes are known to occur in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in serum oligo-elements levels during and following cardiopulmonary bypass. The serum levels of Zn, Se and Cu were determined in 67 consecutive patients, with coronary artery disease admitted for coronary artery bypass grafting. Blood samples for oligo-elements, analysis were withdrawn into metal-free tubes just prior to the start of cardiopulmonary bypass; at 30, 60 and 90 min into cardiopulmonary bypass; following weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass; 30 min after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass; at 24 h; and on the 5th postoperative day. Trace elements analyses were performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Interleukin 6 and 8, as well as serum albumin, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase-MB fractions were also analyzed. The mean age was 63 +/- 9 years and 91% (61) were men. The mean preoperative left ventricular function was 52 +/- 12%, Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina class was 3.7 +/- 0.5 and 30% (20) of the operations were re-do's. All patients had normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass-time was 85 +/- 31 min. One patient was lost for the recovery sampling (hospital mortality, 1.5%). Nine patients had a postoperative cardiac index < 2.0 liter/min per m2, which required pharmacological support and additional intra-aortic balloon pump in two of them. Other postoperative complications were few. There was a rapid depletion of S-selenium and S-Zn levels, which were halved at 30 min after cardiopulmonary bypass and remained low throughout the study period. The Cu/Zn ratio increased significantly at the start of cardiopulmonary bypass, which indicated an inflammatory reaction and was not normalized until the 5th postoperative day. Length of ischemia time, presence of diabetes. hypertension and hyperlipidemia did not influence the results, while a prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass-time > 120 min resulted in a higher Cu/Zn ratio than observed for shorter cardiopulmonary bypass-times. This indicates a more profound inflammatory response. Inflammatory parameters responded in the same manner as described earlier by others. These data indicate that severe loss of various oligo elements occur in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and suggests that a supplementary administration of zinc and perhaps also selenium could be appropriate during cardiopulmonary bypass.
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PMID:Inflammatory response and oligo-element alterations following cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. 972 21

This article reviews the nutritional requirements of puberty and the clinical assessment of nutritional status, and discusses the nutritional risks imposed by vegetarian diets, pregnancy, and athletic involvement. Energy (calories) and protein are essential in pubertal development. Adolescent females require approximately 2200 calories/day, whereas male adolescents require 2500-3000 calories/day. Additional intake requirements include fat, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamins, and fiber. The clinical assessment of nutritional status begins with obtaining a good diet history of the patient and this could be offered by the body mass index. Nutritional deficiencies and poor eating habits established during adolescence can have long-term consequences, including delayed sexual maturation, loss of final adult height, osteoporosis, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. As for vegetarian adolescents, nutritional risks include lack of iodine, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and some essential fatty acids. In addition, substances in some grains reduce gut absorption, thus increasing mineral deficiencies. Pregnancy may also be a risk factor for poor nutrition during adolescence. A pregnant adolescent has different nutritional needs because she is still growing. Among adolescent athletes many are turning to nutritional supplements in an attempt to improve athletic performance. A balanced, varied diet provides adequate calories and nutrition to meet the needs of most adolescents. They also have greater water needs than do adult athletes. Details on adolescent health concerns are further discussed in this article.
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PMID:Nutrition in the adolescent. 1003 86

IP6, a major dietary source of inositol phosphates, is a physiological antioxidant with potential to form complexes with cations linked to cell proliferation and hypercholesterolemia. Accordingly, we have examined the action of IP6 on dietary modulation of neoplasia and hyperlipidemia in a Fischer rat model (1, 2). Two studies were conducted on the effects of naturally-derived IP6, administered as purified phytate, a salt form of phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphoric acid). One study examined the effect on the growth of tumors promoted in syngeneic rats transplanted with a viral oncogene-transformed cell line. Increases in tumor incidence and growth rate of fibrosarcomas seen following administration of a special diet (containing 5% saturated fatty acids and 1.2% magnesium oxide) were completely mitigated by supplementation of the same diet with purified potassium-magnesium phytate (8.9% phytic acid by weight). The other study examined the IP6 effect on serum lipid and mineral levels in animals fed a cholesterol-enriched or standard diet. Elevated levels of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and zinc/copper ratio associated with administration of the cholesterol-enriched diet were significantly lowered by supplementation of this diet with monopotassium phytate. Addition of monopotassium phytate to the standard diet also reduced serum lipid levels but did not significantly affect the zinc/copper ratio. These studies support a role for IP6 as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer and hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) as an anti-neoplastic and lipid-lowering agent. 1062 43

Disturbances in lipid metabolism during copper deficiency in rats are well recognized. Copper deficiency is associated with the spontaneous retention of hepatic iron. Previous studies have reported that hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are associated with elevated hepatic iron concentrations in copper deficient rats. There was a direct relationship between the magnitude of blood lipids and the concentration of hepatic iron. Based on these data, it has been hypothesized that iron was responsible for the development of lipemia of copper deficiency. In this study was determined the effect of increasing doses of Cu(10, 20 and 50 ppm) in the diet, on the serum total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides (triacylglicerols), phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and liver iron and zinc concentrations in normal rats. The results were compared with normal rats that received a balanced diet containing 0.6 and 6 ppm of Cu, respectively. The results show that Cu-supplement diminished the cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels, increased the level of phospholipids, NEFA and concomitantly decreased the hepatic concentrations of Fe and Zn. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) simple correlation between triglycerides and liver Fe (r = 0.917; R2 = 64.03%), cholesterol and liver Zn (r = 0.872; R2 = 76.07%), cholesterol and liver Fe (r = 0.995; R2 = 99.10%), liver Fe and liver Cu (r = -0.612), liver Fe and liver Zn (r = 0.837), liver Cu and liver Zn (r = -0.612), and serum triglycerides and liver Zn (r = 0.967). The mechanism(s) by which Fe and Zn determine these changes is not known; none of the enzymes that act in cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism and biosynthesis require Fe and/or Zn. The increase of NEFA is due to changes in the process of lipolysis and re-esterification of the fatty acids in blood. However, additional studies are needed for the precise mechanisms of this interrelationships to be clarified.
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PMID:[Changes in serum lipids in rats treated with oral cooper]. 1134 94


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