Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-loaded uninephrectomized rats were fed on standard laboratory pellet diet and 1% saline for 5 weeks, caloric homeostasis became abnormal resulting in (a) hyperlipidemia, (b) cholesterol deposit in the heart, (c) significant reduction of triglycerides in the aorta, heart and liver and (d) a 60% increase in the cardiac free fatty acids (FFA) on one hand and a 50% reduction of the hepatic FFA on the other. These facts suggest that the hypertension severely reduces hepatic lipogenesis, whereas the cardiovascular system depends much more on FFA as a metabolic fuel than on glucose. This idea is supported by the deficiency in total body potassium (K) and decrease in serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) which occur in the hypertension. These alterations were attenuated by the fungal prenylphenols, 4-0-methylascochlorin (MAC) and ascofuranone (AF). The protective effect seems to be partly attributable to the counteraction to DOCA. In addition, the agents caused a specific increase of renal water reabsorption. MAC treatment resulted in a particularly marked reduction of saline intake and excretion of unusually thick urine with 2.8 times higher sodium (Na) concentration than in the DOCA/saline control rats.
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PMID:Unusual concentration of urine and prevention of polydipsia by fungal prenylphenols in DOCA hypertensive rats. 701 11

A 34-year-old female complaining of numbness and weakness of the extremities was examined. Consanguineous marriage was contracted between mother and father. She was of short stature (149 cm), and her blood pressure was normal (118/60 mmHg). Her serum potassium concentration had decreased to a level between 2.5 and 3.2 mEq/L, and hypokalemic alkalosis was present. Potassium clearance had increased and urinary concentrating capacity was impaired. Plasma renin activity was high at 25 ng/ml/hr but plasma aldosterone concentration was normal. Hypertensive response to angiotensin II (50 ng/kg/min) was weak but improved to nearly the normal value after the administration of indomethacin for 17 days at a dose of 50 mg/day. A slight elevation in blood pressure was observed during the infusion of norepinephrine (250 ng/kg/min). A decrease in blood pressure was observed during the infusion of 1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine angiotensin II (600 ng/kg/min) with concomitant increase of plasma renin activity. Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of prostaglandin E decreased somewhat (225 approximately 252 ng/day), and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular cells and increased JG index were demonstrated in the biopsy specimens of the right kidney. From the findings, the present case were diagnosed as Bartter's syndrome. Although mild enlargement of the sella turcica was found in skull x-ray films, no abnormalities in pituitary function were demonstrated. Other unusual complications, i.e. hyperlipidemia (type II, beta-dominant) and abnormal configuration of peripheral erythrocytes, were demonstrated. Phospholipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane was normal. The fluidity of plasma VLDL examined by electron spin resonance was increased. Hypokalemia and hyperreninemia were improved through the administration of indomethacin. However, because of headache as an adverse effect, further administration could not be accepted. The patient's complaints were resolved by the rectal application of indomethacin with oral administrations of spironolactone and triamterene. Changes in serum lipid levels did not occur with the above mentioned treatment. alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate lowered the levels of serum lipids and normalized the configuration of peripheral erythrocytes. But increased fluidity of plasma VLDL remained, and phospholipid composition of erythrocyte membrane was also unchanged. The relationship between the rare complications mentioned above and the pathophysiology of Bartter's syndrome is still obscure.
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PMID:[A case with Bartter's syndrome associated with type II hyperlipidemia, increased fluidity of plasma VLDL and abnormal configuration of peripheral erythrocytes (author's transl)]. 704 42

The chemical measurements on our Technicon SMAC of lipemic sera before and after clearing lipemia by ultracentrifugation showed that uric acid, creatinine, carbon dioxide, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and alkaline phosphatase were not affected significantly by lipemia, whereas sodium, urea, glucose, chloride and total protein showed small but significant increases with averages of less than 1.9 percent. Albumin showed a significant decrease of 1.2 percent. In contrast, the results for the enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed striking differences between pre- and post-centrifuged sera in a number of specimens. With lactate dehydrogenase, thirty-two of fifty specimens registered an increase in activity while with the aminotransferases, thirty-five and forty-one out of fifty specimens showed a decrease in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, respectively. Although much of the lipemic interference can be explained by the volume displacement of serum by lipids or by interference by lipemia with colorimetry, the anomalous effects observed with the enzymes indicate the possibility of other, as yet, undetermined factor(s).
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PMID:The effect of hyperlipidemia on Technicon SMAC measurements. 712 23

Patients with renal functional impairment are prone to develop hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and both abnormalities tend to occur already at an early stage of kidney disease. In 18 patients with mild renal disease (glomerular filtration rate 65 +/- 5 ml/min) and hypertension (mean blood pressure 126 +/- 4 mm Hg), the effect of six weeks of treatment with the loop-diuretic muzolimine on serum lipoproteins was assessed. Compared to placebo values, the diuretic significantly increased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apoprotein B (+ 18 and 11%, respectively, P less than 0.005) in 13 men or postmenopausal women, but not in 5 premenopausal women. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total triglycerides or lipoprotein triglyceride fractions were not consistently changed in both subgroups. Thus, the ratio LDL-C/HDL-C was increased from 3.2 +/- 0.3 to 3.9 +/- 0.3 (P less than 0.05) in the men or postmenopausal women, while no such tendency occurred in the premenopausal women (4.1 +/- 0.6 to 3.7 +/- 0.6). Changes in serum LDL-C were not associated with hemoconcentration or alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and were not related to variations in serum potassium or blood pressure. Increased serum levels of the atherogenic LDL-C fraction during diuretic treatment in men or postmenopausal women with renal disease may represent a potentially undesirable effect, particularly since such patients may tend to have hyperlipidemia in the untreated state.
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PMID:Serum lipoproteins in patients with mild renal disease treated with the diuretic muzolimine. 715 18

Quantitative and qualitative nutritional requirements depend on the level of energetic expenses. Various formulas, especially the tables by Harris and Benedict allow the estimation of the level of energetic expenses with an approximation of 14%. Corrective factors permit an adjustment of the figures, according to the level of body aggression. In complex cases, indirect calorimetry allows a more accurate appraisal of energetic expenses. This technique provides also indications on the utilisation of each substrate and allows therefore to determine the optimal carbohydrate-lipid ratio for each patient. The assessment of the direct benefit of artificial nutritional support relies on anthropometric techniques and at present on body composition appraisal by determination of its impedance. The changes in muscular strength are difficult to assess. Moreover the time course of body weight is not specific for nutritional status. Therefore other biological indicators such as the nitrogen balance, the concentration of plasma proteins and albumin are more often assessed; proteins with a short half-life depend on the body aggression level. The potassium balance, which is easy to obtain in clinical practice, is a relevant indicator for nitrogen balance and protein synthesis. Clinical monitoring includes the checking of hydratation and its impact on the circulatory, respiratory and renal functions. The tolerance of enteral nutrition is appraised by the quality of gastrointestinal function. Biological monitoring includes the electrolyte balance and various variables of carbohydrate, lipidic and proteic metabolisms. It allows to check the absence of hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and cholestasis. The daily checking of catheters is part of the monitoring of nutritional support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[How to assess and monitor postoperative artificial nutrition?]. 748 31

This review describes categories of renal function (normal, renal insufficiency, end-stage renal failure), types of treatment modalities (renal insufficiency management, dialysis, transplantation), and corresponding dietary parameters (protein, energy, fiber, sodium, fluid, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, vitamins, minerals). The focus is directed toward general and nonrenal specialty practitioners, who are encountering a growing number of geriatric patients and patients who have undergone renal transplantation or are in early renal failure. The findings indicate that early intervention may delay or prevent rapid progression of renal disease in some patients, that treatment modalities continue to need individualized dietary support to maintain nutritional status, and that transplant goals should include control of obesity and hyperlipidemia to reduce cardiovascular mortality.
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PMID:Which diet for which renal failure: making sense of the options. 861 54

This review describes vascular changes in atherosclerotic and hypertensive vessels as well as effects of treatment. Changes in vascular structure in both atherosclerosis and hypertension are characterized by thickening of the vessel wall and vascular "remodeling." Remodeling tends to preserve the size of the lumen in atherosclerotic vessels and results in a smaller lumen in hypertensive vessels. Changes in vascular function are characterized by preservation of smooth muscle relaxation, with the exception of activity of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, and dysfunction of endothelium. Regression of atherosclerosis, by treatment of hyperlipidemia, results in quite rapid removal of lipid from the vessel wall but with inconsistent improvement in maximal vasodilator capacity. In contrast, endothelial function improves during regression of atherosclerosis, and hyperresponsiveness to serotonin subsides rapidly. Effective treatment of hypertension produces regression of vascular hypertrophy, and some approaches (especially angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) are effective in correcting vascular remodeling. Endothelium-dependent relaxation generally improves during antihypertensive treatment. Reduction in pulse pressure may be more important than reduction in mean arterial pressure in reversing the structural and functional abnormalities of hypertensive vessels.
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PMID:Sick vessel syndrome. Recovery of atherosclerotic and hypertensive vessels. 764 90

Antihypertensive drugs are expected to have a lipid-lowering effect for use in treating ischemic heart disease. We evaluated the effect of (+)-N-(6-amino-3-pyridil)-N'-[(1S,2R,4R)-bicyclo-[2.2.1]hept-2-yl] -N"- cyanoguanidine hydrochloride (AL0671), a newly synthesized cyanoguanidine-derivative potassium channel opener, on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in obese Zucker rats, a genetically engineered model of type IV hyperlipidemia. AL0671 dose-dependently decreased systolic blood pressure in obese Zucker rats. Serial administration (for 1 or 2 weeks) of AL0671 (5 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased serum total triglyceride, chylomicron and very-low-density lipoprotein levels with increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas low-density lipoprotein levels did not change. AL0671 (5 mg/kg/day) increased lipoprotein lipase activities 4-fold and hepatic triglyceride lipase activities 3-fold in postheparin plasma. Another urea-derivative compound, AL0674, whose potassium channel-opening activity is diminished, did not affect serum lipid and lipoprotein levels. These results suggested that AL0671 activates both lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase activities through its potassium channel-opening activity followed by decreasing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in genetically obese hyperlipemic rats. Therefore, AL0671 might be beneficial in the treatment of hypertensive patients with hypertriglyceridemia (probably with insulin resistance).
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PMID:A possible mechanism of action of a new potassium channel opener, AL0671, on lipid metabolism in obese Zucker rats. 799 82

We evaluated the effect of hemolysis, icteric discoloration, lipemia, paraproteinemia, and uremia on enzymatic methods for determining sodium, potassium, and chloride, according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards EP7-P proposals for testing interference from endogenous substances. The sodium, potassium, and chloride assays (reagent kits supplied by Boehringer Mannheim) were based on electrolyte-dependent beta-galactosidase, pyruvate kinase, and alpha-amylase, respectively. The results were compared with those obtained by indirect ion-selective electrodes (ISE), which in turn had been validated by flame photometry. We analyzed the samples with Hitachi 717, 737, and 911 chemistry analyzers and with an IL943 flame photometer. The enzymatic results were in good agreement with those by ISE, the interference-related differences generally being without clinical significance; however, none of the enzymatic methods could analyze grossly lipemic samples.
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PMID:Enzymatic determination of sodium, potassium, and chloride in abnormal (hemolyzed, icteric, lipemic, paraproteinemic, or uremic) serum samples compared with indirect determination with ion-selective electrodes. 804 91

A 68-year-old diabetic and hypertensive woman presented with chronic autonomic diarrhoea, syncope and palpitations which were associated with QT prolongation and recurrent episodes of torsade de pointes. She was on glibenclamide, indapamide and probucol (for type V hyperlipidaemia). Despite intravenous infusions of potassium, lignocaine and amiodarone, the unstable rhythm persisted. However, intravenous magnesium sulphate with small doses of intravenous propranolol terminated the torsade de pointes. She was stabilised but following discharge she relapsed, and upon re-admission, succumbed to intractable ventricular fibrillation. Early recognition and aggressive treatment of this condition is emphasised. Multiple aggravating factors ie autonomic diarrhoea resulting in severe potassium and magnesium depletion, kaliuretic effect of indapamide, probable QT prolongation associated with diabetic autonomic neuropathy and probucol; probable underlying coronary artery disease and heightened emotional and sympathetic discharge could have contributed to this very unstable ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death.
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PMID:Torsade de pointes and sudden death associated with diabetic autonomic diarrhoea--a case report. 826 90


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