Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We evaluated the performance of the Du Pont aca ammonia procedure with regard to (a) linearity, (b) precision, (c) interferences, and (d) effect of anticoagulants. Linearity extends to 2,000 mumol/L. The SD of the method was essentially constant (2 to 3 mumol/L) and independent of the NH3 concentration. Hemoglobin, bilirubin, and lipemia do not interfere. Either EDTA or heparin is suitable as anticoagulant. Recovery of NH3 added to plasma samples averaged 102% (range: 97--107%). We established normal values by measuring NH3 in 188 plasma samples from apparently healthy individuals. The 95% confidence range is from 10 to 35 mumol/L. The aca ammonia method compares very well with that of Kingsley and Tager but correlates less strongly with that of Reinhold and Chung. We describe a protein-based solution with stable NH3 concentration that is suitable as a control material.
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PMID:Performance of the Du Pont aca ammonia method. 76 61

A rapid method for estimating glucose concentrations in serum and in fluoride-, iodoacetate-, heparin-, and EDTA-treated plasma and whole blood is described. The procedure requires about three minutes to perform and utilize a tungstic acid precipitant solution and urine glucose dipsticks. Test results correlate with those of a reference quantitative glucose method at levels from 25 to 500 mg/dl (1.38 to 27.5 mmol/l). Hemolysis, lipemia and bilirubin levels as high as 20 mg/dl (342 mmol/l) do not interfere with the procedure. The simplicity and adaptability of the method make it useful in emergency situations.
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PMID:A rapid screening method for blood glucose estimation. 90 68

We tested whether apoprotein B is present in fasting and postprandial human duodenojejunal mucosa because lipoprotein-like particles are visualized by electron microscopy within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi cisternae of these absorptive cells. Duodenojejunal biopsies from normal volunteers were incubated in citrate buffer and were shaken in 1% EDTA so that absorptive cells could be freed from underlying tissue. Apoprotein B was determined by double-antibody radioimmunoassay in homogenates of absorptive cells. The preparations of absorptive cells were shown to be uncontaminated by plasma lipoproteins; they did not contain any albumin by immunodiffusion able to detect 2 mug/ml. They adsorbed less than 0.1% of 125I-low density lipoprotein which was added to the citrate buffer. Cell preparations from suction biopsies of human rectum contained no detectable apoprotein B. Duodenojejunal absorptive cells from 22 fasting subjects contained 3.2 +/- 0.5 mug of apoprotein B per 100 mg (wet wt) of biopsies or 1.3 mug of apoprotein B per mg of total cell protein. The amount of apoprotein B per milligram of cell protein fell to 0.3 mug in 14 of these individuals whose mucosa was also sampled 45 min after instilling fat intraduodenally. These experiments provide immunochemical evidence that human duodenojejunal absorptive cells contain apoprotein B. This technique should be valuable for studying the physiology of intestinal lipoproteins in absorption and in patients with hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Apoprotein B in fasting and postprandial human jejunal mucosa. 125 33

Lovastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitor, was given to 14 patients with unremittent nephrotic syndrome (heavy proteinuria with hyperlipidaemia) for 6 months. Treatment was started at an initial dose of 20 mg/day, increasing to a maximum of 80 mg/day. Treatment was well tolerated except in two patients: one developed rhabdomyolysis and one severe hypertriglyceridaemia requiring an additional antihyperlipidaemic agent. Lovastatin was effective in reducing serum cholesterol, LDL-C and apolipoprotein B in the remaining 12 patients. Cholesterol was reduced by 31% from 8.24 +/- 0.49 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM) to 5.7 +/- 0.18 mmol/l after 6 months (P less than 0.001). LDL-C was normalized to 3.26 +/- 0.21 mmol/l from a pretreatment value of 5.76 +/- 0.48 mmol/l (P less than 0.001), a decrease of 43%. Serum apolipoprotein B was also normalized to 1.11 +/- 0.09 g/l from a basal level of 1.51 +/- 0.10 g/l (P less than 0.05). Triglyceride, HDL-C and apolipoprotein A1 concentrations were unchanged. Proteinuria as well as renal albumin clearance were unchanged. GFR by plasma radioisotope Cr-EDTA clearance for the whole group was unaltered by treatment. However, among those with relatively good pretreatment renal function (GFR greater than 70 ml/min per 1.73 m2), GFR increased at the end of 6 months' treatment (118.2 +/- 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 versus 77.6 +/- 8.4 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in wash-out phase).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Lovastatin in glomerulonephritis patients with hyperlipidaemia and heavy proteinuria. 131 86

In veterinary medicine, PCV determined by centrifugation of blood in a microhematocrit tube is the most common clinical test used to initially assess and monitor anemic and polycythemic animals. In contrast, blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, rather than PCV, is generally determined in human patients. One automated system photometrically measures blood Hb concentration after conversion of Hb to azide methemoglobin without dilution and was found to be a simple and accurate instrument for use in human medicine. We evaluated the system for its accuracy in measuring blood Hb concentration in animals by comparing it with standard techniques and for its suitability in veterinary practice. Blood samples, anticoagulated with potassium EDTA, from 78 healthy animals (33 dogs, 17 cats, 13 horses, and 15 cows) and 58 dogs and 4 cats with various blood abnormalities (10 anemia, 11 polycythemia, 21 lipemia, 16 leukocytosis, and 6 icterus) were analyzed. In all species, blood Hb concentration of healthy animals determined by the system was comparable to that measured by standard cyanmethemoglobin methods (ie, an automated counter; rI = 0.987 to 0.998 and a hemoglobin kit, rI = 0.946 to 0.993). The aforementioned system also yielded similar values to those obtained by use of standard methods in anemic, polycythemic, and icteric dogs and cats. Moreover, the system reads the absorbance at 2 wavelengths to correct for turbidity, and therefore, accurately measured Hb concentration in blood samples with severe lipemia (triglycerides concentration > 500 mg/dl) and marked leukocytosis (> 50,000 WBC/microliter), whereas other standard Hb techniques are known to give falsely high results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Evaluation of an automated system for hemoglobin measurement in animals. 145 15

Early onset vascular disease unexplained until today by usual risk factors (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, tobacco, stress), can now find an explanation in sulfur amino acid metabolism defect. By transsulfuration, alimentary methionine leads to homocysteine, which is itself turn into cysteine, or remethylated into methionine. Several abnormalities of these different pathways lead to plasma accumulation of homocysteine, which will be responsible of arterial or venous occlusive lesions, concerning peripheral or deep vessels. Homocysteine stays in plasma upon several forms: 75% being linked by disulfide bounds to proteins, 22% as disulfide, homocystine (homocysteine-homocysteine) or mixed-disulfide (homocysteine-cysteine), and less than 3% as free reduced homocysteine. Plasma reduction allows total homocysteine evaluation with amino acid autoanalyzer. The basal plasma homocysteine level is less than 14 microMl. However, levels near this basal value can be found in patients with latent abnormality, which needs to be revealed by a methionine loading test. This study concerns two methodologies and their application to the exploration of a patient with unidentified neurologic disorders. The first one describes a new galenic oral form of methionine. Other authors use the methionine load of 100 mg/kg dissolving it in a fruit juice glass. In order to obtain a complete dissolution of this weakly soluble substance and to ensure its total absorbtion by the patient, we prepare a granular form aimed to give in water a perfect flavoured suspension. The second methodology concerns methionine loading test and amino acid analysis. After 10 hours fasting, a 100 mg/kg peroral methionine load is realized performing 5 EDTA blood samples before and 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after loading.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The homocysteinemia vascular risk factor. Methodologies and application to a clinical case]. 179 72

Fasting lipid profiles were measured in 20 selected patients the day of and after cardiac catheterization in EDTA tubes. Samples were randomly labelled A or B, centrifuged, and stored at 3 degrees Centigrade. Lipid profiles were analyzed by a laboratory, which was participating in the Center for Disease Control Lipid Standardization Program, by using standard methods. The coefficients of variation for repeated measurements were: cholesterol = 1.9%, triglycerides = 3.6%, HDL cholesterol = 4.3%, and VLDL and LDL cholesterol = 2.6%. Data were evaluated by a two-tailed paired t-test and correlation coefficient. The total cholesterol was significantly lower (P less than .001) the day after cardiac catheterization as was the LDL cholesterol (P less than .002). Both VLDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, but these were not statistically significant. The mean dose of heparin was 3500 +/- 1469 units, and the mean dose of contrast was 181 +/- 30 cc. The total dose of heparin or contrast did not correlate with any change in lipid profiles. These results have implications on the number and timing of venous blood sampling for lipid measurements in regard to diagnosis and treatment of hyperlipidemia. Lipid profiles should not be drawn after cardiac catheterization but rather before and/or in the free-living state.
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PMID:The effect of cardiac catheterization on fasting lipids. 180 61

Hyperlipemic serum and plasma samples often are received by clinical laboratories for endocrinologic analysis by radioimmunoassay. We designed a study to determine what effect, if any, hyperlipemia has on estimation of lipid-soluble hormone concentrations determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassays. Progesterone, testosterone, thyroxine, and cortisol concentrations were determined in canine plasma and serum with various degrees of lipemia. Samples of serum, heparinized plasma, and EDTA-treated plasma were obtained from blood collected from 4 female and 4 male Beagles by use of evacuated tubes. To induce hyperlipemia in vitro, IV fat emulsion was diluted in deionized water to produce 0 (water only), 33, 67, or 100% mixtures. Twenty microliters of each mixture then was added to the subsamples of serum and plasma from each dog. Hormone concentrations were determined, using validated radioimmunoassays. Triglyceride concentrations were determined by enzymatic assay. Addition of IV fat emulsion in vitro was an accurate and reproducible means of altering triglyceride concentrations in the samples. Triglyceride concentrations as high as 700 mg/dl had no effect on radioimmunoassays for progesterone, testosterone, and thyroxine in serum, heparinized plasma, or EDTA-treated plasma. Addition of 100% (but not 33 or 67%) fat emulsion reduced the mean cortisol concentration in heparinized plasma by 12% (P less than 0.05). This severe hyperlipemia did not affect quantification of cortisol in serum or EDTA-treated plasma.
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PMID:Effects of hyperlipemia on radioimmunoassays for progesterone, testosterone, thyroxine, and cortisol in serum and plasma samples from dogs. 195 39

Parameters influencing the measurement of hANP are designated and discussed on the basis of data from the literature and from our own results. Plasma hANP is dependent on the anatomical location of blood withdrawal, posture, state of hydration and salt load and medications. Interfering substances contained in plasma, management of samples and the type of assay used are of utmost importance. Direct RIA of hANP appears to be particularly sensitive to interferences. Preextraction of hANP from EDTA plasma by octadecylsilica cartridges, followed by RIA seems to be the most trustworthy method for measurement of hANP. Nevertheless, with this method too, we obtain different values for identical plasma samples if we use different antisera. Additionally, lipemia significantly lowers the ascertainable amount of endogenous, but not of exogenously added alpha-hANP. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that in preextracted samples too, hANP is not a homogeneous species. We observe a time-dependent increase in plasma hANP, reaching a final stable plateau value (about three times the initial values) after about 1.5 h, if EDTA blood samples are left on ice for prolonged time. Hemolysis interferes significantly with hANP determination. Readings of hANP values are reduced in dependence on plasma haemoglobin concentration. According to our experience, EDTA plasma can be stored for several months in either lyophilized form or deep frozen at -20 degrees C without the risk of reduction of hANP immunoreactivity. The data presented in this paper clearly show, that measurement of hANP is susceptible to faults in several details. Results should therefore be viewed critically.
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PMID:[Methodological problems in the radioimmunologic measurement of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)]. 297 Jan 64

We evaluated the Du Pont Particle-Enhanced Turbidimetric Inhibition Immunoassay (PETINIA) for theophylline. The imprecision (CV) of the assay was less than 4.7% between-run and less than 3.6% within-run for theophylline concentrations between 5 and 30 mg/L. Standard curves for the assay were linear for theophylline concentrations from 0 to 46 mg/L and were stable throughout the study (i.e., for at least three months). The monoclonal antibody against theophylline used in this assay increases specificity; of the possibly interfering drugs, metabolites, and anticoagulants tested, only 1,3-dimethyluric acid and EDTA showed measurable effects. Bilirubin (less than 300 mg/L), hemoglobin (less than 6 g/L), or lipemia (triglycerides less than 6 g/L) does affect the quality of the assay. Analytical recovery of theophylline added to serum (5 to 40 mg/L) averaged 98% (range 93% to 112%). Comparison of results for patients' sera by the PETINIA method with those by enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) and by "high-performance" liquid chromatography yielded slopes and intercepts not significantly different from 1.0 and 0.0, respectively, and correlation coefficients ranging from 0.986 to 0.995.
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PMID:Particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay for theophylline evaluated with the Du Pont aca. 638 31


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