Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiovascular disease related to hyperlipidemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The benefit of lowering lipid levels in patients with and without cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials. The results of these trials prompted the National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute to form the Nation Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP). This panel developed guidelines for identifying and treating lipid disorders. Before starting antilipemic therapy, patients should be evaluated for secondary causes of hyperlipidemia, including disease states and medications. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease should be identified and used to determine the patient's goal low-density lipoprotein level. Regardless of the drug therapy used, the cornerstone treatment for hyperlipidemia is dietary changes. The NCEP recommendation for dietary modification follows a two-step plan to reduce intake of cholesterol and dietary fats. Other nonpharmacologic treatments for hyperlipidemia include exercise, weight reduction for obese patients, reduction of excessive alcohol use, and smoking cessation . Drug therapy should be considered in patients who do not respond to an adequate trial of dietary modifications and lifestyle changes. The principal lipid-lowering agents currently used are the bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors, and fibric acid derivatives. Estrogen, fish oil, and alcohol also can decrease the risk of developing heart disease. In pharmacoeconomic studies, lipid-lowering drug therapy has been shown to decrease the number of procedures, hospitalizations, and other medical interventions required by patients with cardiovascular disease.
 ...
PMID:Identifying and managing patients with hyperlipidemia. 1017 Mar 3

Drug treatment of hyperlipidemia was reviewed. In the first part, mode of action, efficacy and safety of lipid-lowering agents were described and in the second part, strategies for treatment of hyperlipidemia was described. Treatment of hypercholesterolemia should be started with statin and if the reduction is not enough, cholestimide or nicotinic acid or probucol can be added. Mild hypertriglyceridemia can be treated with dextran sulfate sodium, but usually low dose of fenofibrate or bezafibrate will be necessary. For severe cases, combination therapy with fibrate and nicotinic acid or ethyl icosapentate is required. Treatment of combined hyperlipidemia should be started with fibrate, but when the increment of cholesterol is superior to triglyceride, statin can be chosen. If these drugs are not fully effective, combination therapy with statin and ethyl icosapentate is recommended.
 ...
PMID:[Anti-hyperlipidemic drug]. 1042 59

Calcium-induced alginate gel beads containing chitosan salt (Alg-CS) was prepared using nicotinic acid (NA), a drug for hyperlipidemia, and investigated its two functions in gastrointestinal tract, (a) NA release from Alg-CS, (b) uptake of bile acids into Alg-CS. The amount of NA incorporated in Alg-CS increased according to increment of CS content. NA was rapidly released from Alg-CS in diluted HCl solution (pH 1.2) or physiological saline without disintegration of the beads. When Alg-CS was placed in bile acid solution it took bile acid into itself. About 80% of taurocholic acid dissolved in the medium was taken into Alg-CS. According to increment of bile acid concentration, the uptake amount increased and an approximately linear relationship existed among them.
 ...
PMID:Preparation of alginate gel beads containing chitosan nicotinic acid salt and the functions. 1047 28

32 patients with hypertriglyceridemia, excessive hypertriglyceridemia, and combined hyperlipidemia, were treated with the nicotinic acid derivative acipimox (Olbetam). First line treatment with bezafibrate, or statins in some with combined hyperlipidemia, had failed. In 10 acipimox was discontinued due to side effects or absence of clinical response. The other 22 completed 6 months of treatment with no side effects. Acipimox caused a significant 54% decrease in triglyceride levels, a 23% decrease in total cholesterol, and a 12% increase in HDL-cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol was difficult to calculate because of the high triglyceride levels, so no results are presented. Although acipimox was much better tolerated than nicotinic acid, it also had side effects, but fewer. Acipimox can therefore be used as a second-line drug, mainly in those with combined hyperlipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
 ...
PMID:[Acipimox (Olbetam) as a secondary hypolipemic agent in combined hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia]. 1088 6

Vanadium, a trace element in human cells and regarded as an essential nutrient, plays an active role in all tissues. It is known that peroxovanadate-nicotinic acid (POV), a complex compound of vanadium, can decrease hyperglycemia; however, its biochemical mechanism remains unclear. The object of the present study is to explore the hypoglycemia mechanism of POV at gene molecular levels. Rats rendered diabetic with streptozotocin were treated with POV. Total RNA was isolated from rat liver, and phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) mRNA abundance was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. PAH activity, blood glucose, and lipid levels were measured. Significantly increased hepatic PAH activity and corresponding mRNA with concomitant hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia were found in diabetic rats. These levels returned to normal after POV treatment and accompanied by negative glucosuria, normoglycemia, and normolipemia. The results from the current study indicates one of the mechanisms of POV action is to inhibit PAH gene expression and PAH activity, thus decreasing gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia. At the same time, POV is able to promote diabetic recovery by lowering hyperlipemia.
 ...
PMID:Effect of peroxovanadate compound on phenylalanine hydroxylase gene expression. 1105 10

Niacin is an inexpensive drug useful in treating various forms of hyperlipidemia. Cardiac doses of niacin are effective in lowering serum triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, and lipoprotein-a levels and in elevating high density lipoprotein levels. Adverse reactions to niacin are varied and dose-dependent and range from annoying cutaneous flushing to hepatic toxicity. Patients advised to use the drug should be carefully screened and monitored. This paper reviews the pathologic and pharmacologic basis for niacin as an antilipemic agent. The biochemical and physiologic effects of the drug and its mechanisms of action are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of aggressive management of serum lipids and the therapeutic uses of niacin. The use of niacin in primary and secondary prevention of heart disease is stressed. A patient education guide is included.
 ...
PMID:Use of niacin in the prevention and management of hyperlipidemia. 1125 72

Drug induced myopathy has been reported with the use of fibric acid derivatives, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors and nicotinic acid. Over the last three decades, hypolipemiants like fibric acid derivatives and statins have been increasingly recognised as causes of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure especially during combination therapy and in the presence of underlying renal impairment. We report two cases of bezafibrate-induced rhabdomyolysis in patients with underlying coronary artery disease and pre-existing renal impairment. Both patients developed rhabdomyolysis leading to acute renal failure soon after their hyperlipidaemia treatment was changed from gemfibrozil to bezafibrate. There were no intercurrent illnesses or co-administration of other lipid lowering drugs in both patients. Even though both drugs belong to the same fibric acid derivatives group, these patients developed the complication only after a switchover of therapy.
 ...
PMID:Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure following a switchover of therapy between two fibric acid derivatives. 1176 54

Accumulating evidences in recent major clinical studies have shown the importance of anti-hyperlipidemic treatment in preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Lipid-lowering drugs can be divided into HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), bile-acid sequestrants (resins), nicotinic acid, fibrates and probucol. Among them, statins had revolutionary impact on the treatment of hyperlipidemia since pravastatin, which was developed in Japan, was launched in 1989. Several lipid-lowering drugs are now under development in Japan, including pitavastatin, rosuvastatin, F-1394 (ACAT inhibitor), CS-505 (ACAT inhibitor) and NO-1886 (LPL activator). In this review, characteristics of these new lipid-lowering drugs will be discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Lipid-lowering drugs]. 1177 57

There are several drugs for hyperlipidemia except for statin and fibrate. Resin is a commonly used drug for hypercholesterolemia and is known to very useful for the prevention of coronary heart disease(CHD). Probucol is also used for hypercholesterolemia and recently is known that it prevent the restenosis of the coronary artery after PTCA. Nicotinic acid is used for hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, both. It is also known to very useful for the prevention of CHD. Eicosapentaenoic acid is effective for hypertriglyceridemia and also shows an inhibition of platelets aggregation. These drugs as well as statin and fibrate are used in combination with each other for severe hyperlipidemia.
 ...
PMID:[Anti-hyperlipidemic agents]. 1203 1

In the present study, we evaluated the effects of combination therapy with niceritrol and pravastatin in patients with hyperlipidaemia. A total of 62 patients with hyperlipidaemia, defined as total cholesterol levels above 220 mg/dl or triglyceride levels above 150 mg/dl, were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups: Group N received initial therapy with niceritrol 750-1500 mg/day, and those in Group P, pravastatin 10 mg/day. After 8 weeks, pravastatin 10 mg/day was added to the Group N treatment regimen for a further 8 weeks, while patients in Group P were given niceritrol 750-1500 mg/day in addition to pravastatin for 8 weeks. After the 8-week combination therapy study period, total cholesterol levels were 209.6 mg/dl in Group N and 220.7 mg/dl in Group P. Decreased triglyceride and lipoprotein(a) levels and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, neither of which were achieved by pravastatin administration alone, were achieved with the combination of pravastatin and niceritrol. We conclude that when a single lipid-lowering drug fails to show therapeutic value, attempting combination therapy with a nicotinic acid preparation and a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) is worthwhile.
 ...
PMID:The effects of combination therapy with niceritrol and pravastatin on hyperlipidaemia. 1216 44


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>