Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double blind cross-over trial has been carried out on the effects of a nicotinic acid compound on 27 patients affected by hyperlipidemia. The subjects have been treated over one year according the following plan: two peroids of 90 days each with the drug and two with placebo. The statistical analysis showed a significant reduction of serum cholesterol triglycerides, phospholipids and total lipids. In 4 patients out of 27, the treatment has not been completed because of drug intollerance.
 ...
PMID:[A double-blind cross-over trial of a new hypolipidaemic drug (author's transl)]. 35 33

The effect of Etofibrate, a chemical compound of the two antihyperlipidemic agents Clofibrate and nicotinic acid, on elevated plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen concentrations was investigated in a 6 months' survey in 25 patients with different types of primary hyperlipidemia. A consistent reduction of fibrinogen levels to normal occurred after 6 months' therapy, whereas the effect on plasminogen concentrations was weaker and not significant. The fibrinogen-lowering effect of Etofibrate was not related to the pretreatment levels but nearly equal in all cases. The possible consequences on the hemostatic system are discussed. On account of the low daily dosage, apart from a slight flush, no side-effects were noted.
 ...
PMID:Influence of Etofibrate on plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen concentrations in patients with different forms of primary hyperlipoproteinemia. 100 13

The most frequent indication for treatment of hyperlipidemia is for prevention of arteriosclerosis, a suspected but unproved benefit. The cornerstone of treatment of primary hyperlipidemia is diet; drugs may be added to, but do not replace, diet. When a drug is used with any patient, its potential benefits and hazards must be carefully weighed for the given subject. The subjects should be carefully followed and observed for side effects. Plasma lipids should be monitored during the course of treatment. Five drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hyperlipidemia: cholestyramine, clofibrate, nicotinic acid, sodium dextrothyroxine and beta-sitosterol. The use, the actions and the side effects of each and of several nonapproved agents are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Drug treatment of hyperlipidemia. 125 86

Experimental studies have demonstrated regression of atheromatous lesions with diet and lipid lowering drugs. In order to confirm these results clinically, reliable angiographic methods of analysis must be developed along two lines: quantitative by consensus between independent "blinded" experts, qualitative by digitalizing radiological images. Given the reproducibility of these methods, a variation of 17 to 20% in the size of the atheromatous plaques should be required to affirm a change. Five studies have been performed in patients with atherosclerosis associated with variable degrees of hyperlipidaemia and compared with a control group. NHLBI type II: 59 out of 146 patients with type II hyperlipoproteinaemia were treated with cholestyramine for 5 years with reduction of the progression of > 50% stenosis but no evidence of regression (6%). CLAS: 80 out of 160 coronary patients were treated with cholestipol and nicotinic acid for 2 years and a reduction of progression and a regression of lesions were observed in 16% of cases. Nikkila: 28 coronary patients with hyperlipidaemia were given clofibrate or nicotinic acid for a 7 year period, stabilising the evolution but with no signs of regression. FATS: 74 of 120 coronary patients with apolipoprotein B concentrations of over 1.25 g/l were given lovastatine-cholestipol or nicotinic acid-cholestipol for 2.5 years: regression of coronary lesions was observed in 32 to 39% of cases depending on the treatment administered. Olsson: reported the same results for femoral atheroma with treatments associating fenofibrate and nicotinic acid: 20% regression and reduction of progression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of trials on regression of atheromatous lesions with hypolipemic drugs]. 128 2

Ten male patients with familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCHL) were studied with regard to LDL metabolism and composition. The FCHL patients had higher LDL levels than healthy controls (5.4 +/- 1.4 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.7 mmol l-1; P < 0.005) and a higher rate of production of the lipoprotein (15.8 +/- 3.1 mg kg-1 d-1 in FCHL vs. 13.1 +/- 1.8 mg kg-1 d-1 in the normals; P < 0.005). The fractional catabolic rate of LDL was low-normal in the FCHL patients, with a high level of interindividual variation. The actual individual LDL cholesterol level within the FCHL patient group appeared to be more closely associated with the LDL apoB FCR value than the rate of production of the particle. Analysis of the LDL particles from FCHL patients revealed a relative enrichment in triglycerides, while the cholesterol content of the lipoprotein was normal. Institution of acipimox therapy in 8 patients reversed the high rate of synthesis of LDL (15.2 +/- 3.5 mg kg-1 d-1) to a more normal level (13.9 +/- 4.0 mg kg-1 d-1; P = 0.08), while the FCR did not change significantly. In conclusion, patients with FCHL show an apparent overproduction of LDL apoB, while the actual degree of LDL elevation appears to be dependent on the clearance capacity of the lipoprotein, measured as LDL apoB FCR. The overproduction defect of LDL apoB can, at least in part, be managed by treatment with the nicotinic acid analogue acipimox.
 ...
PMID:Metabolism of plasma low density lipoproteins in familial combined hyperlipidaemia: effect of acipimox therapy. 140 34

Facial skin flush is the most frequent adverse effect induced by acipimox (ACX), a nicotinic acid analogue used in the management of hyperlipidaemia. The aims of the study were to evaluate the frequency, magnitude and reproducibility of the ACX flush in previously unexposed healthy subjects and to assess any possible relationship with the dose and plasma level of ACX. Seventy four healthy subjects received, on two different mornings, ACX 250 mg and placebo (P), according to a single blind, randomized, cross-over design; 33 had a clear flush after ACX and not after P.25 of those subjects were retested on five different mornings, with P, and with ACX 31.2, 62.5, 125.0, 250.0 mg, according to a double blind, randomized, cross-over design. Any increase in the local skin temperature was recorded by a thermocouple fixed to the left check. Subjective and objective assessment of the flush were strongly correlated with thermographic recordings. They indicated that a 120 min flush occurred after doses of ACX greater than 62.5 mg. In 12 of the 25 subjects, 6 with the highest and 6 with the lowest thermographic recordings, plasma ACX levels were determined. Subjects with different thermographic records had superimposable plasma ACX levels after all doses of ACX. Only the 6 subjects with the highest skin temperatures showed a significant relationship between the thermographic record and the plasma ACX. The data indicate that flush is a frequent, reproducible and dose-related adverse effect of ACX.
 ...
PMID:Acipimox-induced facial skin flush: frequency, thermographic evaluation and relationship to plasma acipimox level. 142 71

A detailed overview of the various forms of hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia that constitute a major risk factor for coronary heart disease and a detailed discussion of the various types of cholesterol-lowering drugs are presented. The importance of identifying the type of dyslipidemia with respect to the choice of treatment is emphasized, as is the use of nonpharmacologic intervention, i.e., diet, exercise, and weight loss. The appropriate use and benefits of bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid, fibric acids, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, and probucol are individually discussed, whereas nonpharmacologic approaches used in conjunction with the drugs are recommended emphatically.
 ...
PMID:Cholesterol-lowering drugs as cardioprotective agents. 147 2

Mean plasma lipid values in 100 patients who survived greater than 3 months after heart transplantation increased significantly at 3 months over pretransplantation values: total cholesterol from 168 +/- 7 to 234 +/- 7 mg/dl, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from 111 +/- 6 to 148 +/- 6 mg/dl, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol from 34 +/- 1 to 47 +/- 1 mg/dl and triglycerides from 107 +/- 6 to 195 +/- 10 mg/dl. There were no significant increases after this time. The LDL cholesterol values reamined greater than or equal to 130 mg/dl in 64% of patients and triglyceride values remained greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl in 41% of patients 6 months after postoperative dietary instructions. Beginning in 1985, select patients whose total cholesterol values remained greater than 300 mg/dl despite 6 months of dietary intervention were treated with lovastatin given alone in a high dose (40 to 80 mg/day) or in combination with another hypolipidemic agent. Four of the five patients so treated developed rhabdomyolysis; two of the four had acute renal failure. Beginning in 1988, a second protocol--lovastatin at 20 mg/day as monotherapy--was used in patients who despite dietary intervention had total cholesterol greater than 240 mg/dl (mean follow-up 13 months). In the 15 patients so treated, mean total cholesterol decreased from 299 +/- 10 mg/dl before treatment with lovastatin to 235 +/- 9 mg/dl during treatment (21% reduction, p less than 0.001) and mean LDL cholesterol was reduced from a baseline value of 190 +/- 10 to 132 +/- 12 mg/dl during treatment (31% reduction, p less than 0.001). In this study, lovastatin at a dose of less than or equal to 20 mg/day as monotherapy was a well tolerated, effective treatment for hyperlipidemia after heart transplantation. It did not result in rhabdomyolysis and required no alteration in immunosuppressive therapy. However, the dose should not exceed 20 mg/day and combination therapy with either gemfibrozil or nicotinic acid should be avoided, even if the target LDL cholesterol value is not reached.
 ...
PMID:Hyperlipidemia after heart transplantation: report of a 6-year experience, with treatment recommendations. 156 33

The side effect profiles and lipid lowering efficacy of nicotinic acid (1 g three times daily) and its analogue acipimox (250 mg three times daily) in type 2b hyperlipidaemia were compared in a double-blind placebo controlled study. In the nicotinic acid group (n = 7) at 12 weeks there were significant reductions (P less than 0.05) with respect to placebo (n = 9) in total cholesterol (median and range) 6.6 mmol l-1 (4.8-8.4) vs 8.8 mmol l-1 (7.5-9.5), triglyceride 1.4 mmol l-1 (0.5-4.6) vs 2.8 mmol l-1 (1.5-9.5) and apoprotein B 88.6 mg dl-1 (62.1-114) vs 121.9 mg dl-1 (88.0-170.7). In contrast there was no significant alteration in lipids in the acipimox group (n = 12). Nicotinic acid was associated with a high incidence of side effects, principally cutaneous flushing, while acipimox was well tolerated by all patients.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of acipimox and nicotinic acid in type 2b hyperlipidaemia. 157 71

Nicotinic acid is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that has been shown, in high doses, to lower total plasma cholesterol (C), LDL-C, and VLDL-triglycerides (Tg), while raising HDL-C in patients with type II, III, IV, and V hyperlipoproteinemia. Its exact mechanism of action is not known, but it appears to lower the production of VLDL in the liver while activating lipoprotein lipase. The drug may also influence the metabolism of HDL-C. The drug is a second or third choice for isolated hypercholesterolemia because of a high incidence of side effects. However, it has a therapeutic advantage as a monotherapy when reduction of both LDL-C and triglycerides are needed in patients with severe combined hyperlipidemia. The drug can be used in combination with other cholesterol-lowering agents to maximize lipid-lowering activity. Nicotinic acid has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular morbidity in clinical trials.
 ...
PMID:Nicotinic acid for the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia. 189 60


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>