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 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of erectile dysfunction rises rapidly with age and is a frequent complaint presented in clinical practice. Although the etiology of erectile dysfunction is multifactorial, 10-20% of evaluations demonstrate testosterone deficiency. Testosterone deficiency due to secondary hypogonadism increases with age. Despite a higher prevalence of secondary hypogonadism in the elderly, there are no studies addressing hypothalamic-pituitary structural abnormalities in elderly impotent men with testosterone deficiency. We retrospectively reviewed the records of all elderly men who presented for general outpatient evaluation of erectile dysfunction from 1996 to 1999. To obtain a cohort control population, the records of 300 patients without erectile dysfunction were also reviewed. Amongst the erectile dysfunction patients, 225 were found to be testosterone deficient (testosterone < 300 ng/dl). Of these patients, 29 were additionally diagnosed with secondary hypogonadism based on a luteinizing hormone (LH) < 13 mIU/ml. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) imaging was available and reviewed in all patients diagnosed with secondary hypogonadism. Ten per cent of these patients had hypothalamic-pituitary imaging abnormalities. The prevalence of pituitary tumors within our population was not significantly elevated compared to the previous general population studies. Small-vessel white matter disease, hyperlipidemia and history of compression fractures were significantly increased in both univariate and multivariate analysis in the erectile dysfunction group compared with the control cohort. This study does not suggest that the use of hypothalamic-pituitary imaging in the evaluation of impotence in elderly men, in the absence of clinical characteristics of other hormonal loss or sella compression symptoms, will increase diagnosis of structural hypothalamic-pituitary abnormalities over that of the general population. However, the yield may increase with very low testosterone levels. These data suggest that there is an increase in ischemic white matter disease in elderly men with hypogonadism that may reflect microvascular injury to the hypothalamic-pituitary. Furthermore, these data confirm that low testosterone is associated with hyperlipidemia in the elderly. Future studies are required to assess the role of hypogonadism and hyperlipidemia, and to determine if treatment of the hormone deficiency improves the lipid profile.
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PMID:Pituitary radiographic abnormalities and clinical correlates of hypogonadism in elderly males presenting with erectile dysfunction. 1204 Sep 74

* A significant proportion of men with erectile dysfunction (ED) exhibit early signs of coronary artery disease (CAD), and this group may develop more severe CAD than men without ED (Level 1, Grade A). * The time interval among the onset of ED symptoms and the occurrence of CAD symptoms and cardiovascular events is estimated at 2-3 years and 3-5 years respectively; this interval allows for risk factor reduction (Level 2, Grade B). * ED is associated with increased all-cause mortality primarily due to increased cardiovascular mortality (Level 1, Grade A). * All men with ED should undergo a thorough medical assessment, including testosterone, fasting lipids, fasting glucose and blood pressure measurement. Following assessment, patients should be stratified according to the risk of future cardiovascular events. Those at high risk of cardiovascular disease should be evaluated by stress testing with selective use of computed tomography (CT) or coronary angiography (Level 1, Grade A). * Improvement in cardiovascular risk factors such as weight loss and increased physical activity has been reported to improve erectile function (Level 1, Grade A). * In men with ED, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia should be treated aggressively, bearing in mind the potential side effects (Level 1, Grade A). * Management of ED is secondary to stabilising cardiovascular function, and controlling cardiovascular symptoms and exercise tolerance should be established prior to initiation of ED therapy (Level 1, Grade A). * Clinical evidence supports the use of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors as first-line therapy in men with CAD and comorbid ED and those with diabetes and ED (Level 1, Grade A). * Total testosterone and selectively free testosterone levels should be measured in all men with ED in accordance with contemporary guidelines and particularly in those who fail to respond to PDE5 inhibitors or have a chronic illness associated with low testosterone (Level 1, Grade A). * Testosterone replacement therapy may lead to symptomatic improvement (improved wellbeing) and enhance the effectiveness of PDE5 inhibitors (Level 1, Grade A). * Review of cardiovascular status and response to ED therapy should be performed at regular intervals (Level 1, Grade A).
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PMID:Erectile dysfunction and coronary artery disease prediction: evidence-based guidance and consensus. 2058 18

The most common cause of erectile dysfunction (ED) is penile vascular insufficiency. This is usually part of a generalized endothelial dysfunction and is related to several conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. These conditions underlie the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Hypogonadism, or testosterone deficiency (TD), is an integral component of the pathology underlying endothelial dysfunction and MetS, with insulin resistance (IR) at its core. Testosterone replacement therapy for TD has been shown to ameliorate some of the components of the MetS, improve IR, and may serve as treatment for decreasing cardiovascular and ED risk.
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PMID:Testosterone deficiency and risk factors in the metabolic syndrome: implications for erectile dysfunction. 2162 Oct 84

Serum testosterone levels and gonad function decline with the aging of males. Large-scale epidemiological investigations, mechanism researches and clinical studies conducted in recent years have shown that physiological androgens are critical for the protection of the cardiovascular system. Testosterone deficiency in aging males is associated with several cardiovascular risk factors which include hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, thrombogenic and fibrinolytic dysfunction and inflammation. It can also lead to endothelial and vascular dysfunction, accelerate the formation of atherosclerosis and increase the morbidity of cardio-vascular disease.
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PMID:[Testosterone deficiency: an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease]. 2401 Feb 12

We define dyslipemia as the abnormally elevated presence of lipids in the blood. The main ones are hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol over 240 mg/dl), hypertrigliceridemia (triglicerides level over 200 mg/dl) and hipo-alphalipoproteinemia (High density lipoproteins,also called HDL Cholesterol, below 40 mg/dl). The presence of excessive lipids contributes to arteriosclerosis and they are an independent cardiovascular risk factor. It may be primary, if they have genetic origin and they are not associated with other diseases, but in most cases they are secondary to other pathological entities such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). In our current society, sedentary lifestyle and unadequatelly hypercaloric diets are making obesity and MS prevalences grow, and their relation to dyslipemias has become tighter. Obesity is related with all the criteria for MS. But obesity is not at all synonymous of MS. On the one hand neither fat distribution is the same in all individualas nor confers the same risk. Accordingly, we know that abdominal localization of fat is related to higher intensity of insulin resistance (IR) and MS. On the other hand, it seems that certain components of MS are determined by genetic factors, since there are morbid obese persons that are metabolically healthy and other patients develop insulin resistance without obesity. So that, it seems that the excess in visceral adiposity in the presence of certain genetic factors would be the most related cause of the appearance of peripheral insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia (increase of very low density pipoproteins (VLDL), decrease of highdensity lipoproteins (HDL) arterial hypertension, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, composing what we call metabolic syndrome. In this scenario, we urologists are being first-hand witnesses.On the one hand, and in relation with cardiovascular risk factors, we know that all of them, and independently,not only can produce erectile dysfunction due to endothelial dysfunction, but also it generally appears years before the cardiovascular event. On the other hand, and in relation to the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism of patients with MS, we urologists may contributein greatly to the detection of patients with MS whose only symptom is erectile dysfunction or diminished libido, but specially we may play a key role in the improvement of these patients, since it is known that testosterone replacement therapy has a major potential to diminish or stop the progression of MS or its cardiovascular effects. Testosterone treatment not only improves the lipid profile, hypertension, insulin resistance, or reduces the abdominal circumference, but also it may help to get a better adherence to diet and exercise, so contributing to change unhealthy lifestyle habits whch are the origin of the problem.
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PMID:[Patient with testosterone deficit syndrome and dyslipemia]. 2404 36

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Testosterone is the principal male sex hormone and plays an important role in men's health and well-being. Historically, testosterone was believed to adversely affect cardiovascular function. However, contemporary literature has refuted this traditional thinking; testosterone has been suggested to have a protective effect on cardiovascular function through its effects on the vascular system. Data from modern research indicate that hypogonadism is closely related to the development of various cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Several studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of testosterone supplementation therapy on reversing symptoms of hypogonadism and improving cardiovascular disease risk profiles. In this review, we perform a critical analysis on the association between testosterone and cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:The effect of testosterone on cardiovascular disease: a critical review of the literature. 2456

This study aims to evaluate the impact of androgen therapy on metabolic and inflammatoy profiles in male hypogonadic patients. Forty cases with isolated hypogonadism and 80 controls were enrolled. Clinical data were collected (age, weight, height, waist circonference and androgenothearapy). Blood tests were performed to evaluate testosterone, homeostasis index modal assessment (HOMA-IR), lipids and C reactive protein (CRP). Among hypogonadic patients, 14 of them were treated for 4 +/- 3.4 years. Amongst them testosterone levels were significantly elevated comparatively to non-treated patients and significantly lower than controls. Significant differences were noted on waist circumference between non treated patients and controls. Body mass index and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in non-treated patients. Triglycerides and HDLc were significantly decreased respectively in treated and non-treated patients. However, CRP levels were significantly decreased in controls. In conclusion, androgen therapy appeared to protect against obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. Effects on systemic inflammation seemed to be more discrete. Testosterone substitution should be strongly indicated in daily practice with careful prostate monitoring.
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PMID:[Impact of androgen therapy on metabolic and inflammatory profiles in male hypogonadism]. 2548 69

Testicular hypogonadism, or androgen deficiency, is defined as a clinical condition resulting from failure of the testes to produce physiologic levels of testosterone and a normal number of spermatozoa because of disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Testosterone deficiency (TD) is defined as a serum level less than 300 ng/dL on a morning total testosterone test. It is estimated that more than one-third of men 45 years and older have testosterone deficiency. Associated symptoms include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, decreased physical stamina and strength, depressed mood, fatigue, increased visceral adiposity, sleep disturbance, and/or poor concentration and memory. These conditions have a direct relationship with cardiometabolic parameters, including insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction in aging men. No single sign or symptom defines TD. Controversy exists relative to the benefits versus risks of testosterone replacement therapy in men with testicular hypogonadism. Benefits include improvements in the symptoms related to deficiency as well as cardiometabolic parameters, yet recent retrospective and observational trials have suggested an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality without a proven direct cause-and-effect relationship.
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PMID:Endocrinology Update: Testicular Hypogonadism. 2793 33