Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The state of energy metabolism in skeletal muscles and myocardium of albino rats was studied under long hypokinesia. It is established that on the 30th-70th days of hypokinesia endogenic fatty acids, whose oxidation promotes the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and inhibition of the creatine phosphokinase reaction, are the main substrate of energy metabolism. In blood there occurs hyperlipemia and a decrease in the glucose content. A further immobilization results in predominance of succinate-dependent respiration, in blood there occurs a certain decrease in lipemia, normalization of the glucose level and an increase in the urea content.
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PMID:[Energy metabolism in muscle tissue during hypokinesia of various durations]. 662 68

In the antilipoprotein type of autoimmune hyperlipidemia (AIH), the immunoglobulins (Ig) are bound to lipoproteins by their antibody site and circulate as immune Ig-Lp complexes. In the earlier studies, the specific antibody activities were demonstrated in vitro by specific but rather sophisticated methods which were not suitable for the screening of antilipoprotein AIH in large populations. In the Ig-Lp test described here, the immunoglobulins bound to the low density lipoproteins (Ig-Lp) are detected by floating the complexes at D 1.10 in the ultracentrifuge in a physiological saline sucrose density gradient; delipidating them by ether in the presence of 0.2 M urea, and assaying the protein by radial immunodiffusion and laser immunonephelometry with antisera specific for IgG, IgA, IgM, low density lipoproteins and albumin. Radial immunodioffusion and immunonephelometry gave similar results. This Ig-Lp test was positive in 5 myelomas associated with hyperlipidemia, which were previously classified as AIH with specific methods. And the test was specific for the Ig type of the monoclonal antibody involved in each case (3 IgA, 1 IgG and 1 IgM). It was negative in 6 normolipidemic myelomas and also in 40 sera from healthy blood donors and one normal serum taken 4 hours after a fat meal. Although the Ig-Lp test is not specific for antilipoprotein antibodies, the results of this study allow to use if for the screening for AIH.
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PMID:Antilipoprotein autoimmune hyperlipidemia. The Ig-Lp test. 677 97

The chemical measurements on our Technicon SMAC of lipemic sera before and after clearing lipemia by ultracentrifugation showed that uric acid, creatinine, carbon dioxide, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and alkaline phosphatase were not affected significantly by lipemia, whereas sodium, urea, glucose, chloride and total protein showed small but significant increases with averages of less than 1.9 percent. Albumin showed a significant decrease of 1.2 percent. In contrast, the results for the enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed striking differences between pre- and post-centrifuged sera in a number of specimens. With lactate dehydrogenase, thirty-two of fifty specimens registered an increase in activity while with the aminotransferases, thirty-five and forty-one out of fifty specimens showed a decrease in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, respectively. Although much of the lipemic interference can be explained by the volume displacement of serum by lipids or by interference by lipemia with colorimetry, the anomalous effects observed with the enzymes indicate the possibility of other, as yet, undetermined factor(s).
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PMID:The effect of hyperlipidemia on Technicon SMAC measurements. 712 23

Some basic laboratory performance criteria were studied for the Eastman Kodak glucose and urea nitrogen analyzer. Serum, plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid were tested. Precision, both "within-day" and "between-day," for both analytes was less than 2.2% (CV). Both analytes demonstrated linearity, with about 100% recovery of added substrates. Comparisons with continuous-flow procedures demonstrated good correlation. A variety of sera and plasmas can be used for glucose analysis; oxalate--fluoride-treated plasma is unacceptable for use in analysis for urea nitrogen. We saw no effects on glucose or urea nitrogen analysis from hemolysis, lipemia, icterus, some common drugs, ammonia, or abnormally high protein concentrations. Minimum amounts detectable were: glucose (serum) 104 mg/L; glucose (cerebrospinal fluid) 100 mg/L; and urea nitrogen (serum) 21 mg/L. Calibration procedures are discussed for protein-based and aqueous samples.
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PMID:The multilayered film analyzer: glucose in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine; and urea nitrogen in serum and plasma. 735 47

A genetic variant of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been produced which becomes markedly obese as well as hypertensive, i.e. Obese/SHR weigh 800 g as against 300 g for non-obese cohorts. Serum enzymes (CPK, SGOT, SGPT and LDH) are frequently abnormally elevated, concomitantly with a high incidence of myocardial necrosis. Obese/SHR are hyperlipidaemic with severe fatty infiltration of the liver; they are hyperglycaemic with enormous islets of Langerhans and extensive beta-cell degranulation; despite elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, they manifest little or no renal damage. Measurement of corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and aldosterone in Obese/SHR demonstrate marked hyper-responsiveness to moderate stress. Circulating prolactin levels are lower in Obese and non-obese/SHR compared to SHR, but Obese/SHR manifest unusually high increases incirculating prolactin levels in response to stress. Obese/SHR are hyperinsulinaemic and have subnormal growth-hormone levels. Desite mild hypertension, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, Obese/SHR show no evidence of atheromatous change but do develop early polyarteritis nodosa. It is believed that the genetically programmed hypertension and hyperglycaemia is mediated by increased DOC, aldosterone and corticosterone production respectively, and that the obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in Obese/SHR may be likened to human Cushing's disease.
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PMID:Pathophysiological differences between obese and non-obese spontaneously hypertensive rats. 742 76

The effects of chitosan-coated dialdehyde cellulose (Chitosan DAC), a newly developed oral adsorbent of urea and ammonia, were examined in rats with progressive chronic renal failure (CRF) induced by adriamycin. CRF rats induced by repeated injections of adriamycin were fed a diet containing chitosan DAC (5% content) or Kremezin (5% content), an oral charcoal adsorbent (AST-120) under strict paired-feeding for four months. CRF rats that received both a normal diet and Kremezin showed progressive azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, and anemia, and began to die from 9 weeks after feeding started. In contrast, chitosan DAC-treatment showed marked prolongation of the survival period and decreases in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum phosphate. In addition, chitosan DAC-treatment ameliorated anemia in CRF rats, although hyperlipidemia and proteinuria were not improved. Furthermore, fecal weight, fecal water content, fecal nitrogen and fecal sodium were markedly increased, and the apparent protein ratio was decreased in CRF rats fed a diet containing chitosan DAC for 9 weeks. In contrast, none of these effects were observed in CRF rats receiving Kremezin. These observations suggest the further possibility of using oral adsorbent therapy for CRF patients.
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PMID:[Pharmacological properties of chitosan-coated dialdehyde cellulose (chitosan DAC), a newly developed oral adsorbent (II). Effect of chitosan DAC on rats with chronic renal failure induced by adriamycin]. 755 38

The effect of d-alpha-tocopherol on the progression of renal dysfunction was investigated in rats injected with adriamycin (ADR), a model of progressive glomerulosclerosis associated with the nephrotic syndrome. Treatment with d-alpha-tocopherol was started 1 day before or 1 day after ADR injections (BE-TOC or AF-TOC rats). When compared to rats without d-alpha-tocopherol treatment (ADR-CON rats), the serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the BE-TOC and AF-TOC groups. In week 16, the LDL cholesterol level and the atherogenic index were both significantly lower in BE-TOC and AF-TOC rats than in ADR-CON rats. The urinary protein, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde, and systolic blood pressure levels as well as the glomerulosclerosis score were high in ADR-CON rats, and reduced in BE-TOC or AF-TOC rats. There were no significant differences in body weight and serum albumin between the three groups in week 16. It is concluded that d-alpha-tocopherol can improve hyperlipidemia and ameliorate glomerulosclerosis in rats with ADR-induced progressive renal failure. Thus, d-alpha-tocopherol may have the potential for clinical application to treat focal glomerulosclerosis.
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PMID:Alpha tocopherol improves focal glomerulosclerosis in rats with adriamycin-induced progressive renal failure. 783 58

The association between serum uric acid concentration and some cardiovascular risk factors was examined in a working Hong Kong Chinese population (mean age 38 years), consisting of 910 men and 603 women. There was no significant age-related rise in serum uric acid concentration. Positive associations were found between serum uric acid concentration and body mass index, waist hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, urea, creatinine, protein, glucose (fasting and 2 hours after 75 g oral glucose load), 2 hour insulin, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B in men. Similar, but fewer, associations were seen in women, with the addition of a positive association with age. In both sexes, serum uric acid was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These findings complement the well-known clinical association between gout and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus, and suggest that serum uric acid may be a marker for the presence of an adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile.
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PMID:Association between serum uric acid and some cardiovascular risk factors in a Chinese population. 793 26

Chronic renal failure is associated with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. The mechanism responsible for the observed increase of serum cholesterol in chronic renal disease is not certain. The objective of the present study was to characterize the effect of induced renal failure on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the two rate determining enzymes of the cholesterol and bile acid biosynthetic pathways, respectively. Studies were carried out in rats with subtotal (75%) nephrectomy, which resulted in a marked elevation of blood urea nitrogen (371 +/- 44% of control, P < 0.001), and was accompanied by significant increases in the levels of serum cholesterol (133 +/- 7%, P < 0.005) and triglycerides (185 +/- 25, P < 0.01). In nephrectomized rats, an increase in the specific activity of HMG-CoA reductase (219 +/- 30% above control levels, P < 0.02) was observed. This increase occurred in the presence of elevated hepatic microsomal cholesterol concentrations (150 +/- 13% of controls, P < 0.01). Surprisingly, the increase in HMG-CoA reductase specific activity was not associated with parallel increases in HMG-CoA reductase steady-state mRNA levels and gene transcriptional activity. These uremic rats also exhibited a marked increase in the specific activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (240 +/- 559% of controls, P < 0.05). There was no concomitant increase in cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase steady-state mRNA levels or gene transcriptional activity. The factors responsible for the observed increases in HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase specific activity in renal failure remain to be determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Post-transcriptional regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase in rats with subtotal nephrectomy. 796 47

Antihypertensive drugs are expected to have a lipid-lowering effect for use in treating ischemic heart disease. We evaluated the effect of (+)-N-(6-amino-3-pyridil)-N'-[(1S,2R,4R)-bicyclo-[2.2.1]hept-2-yl] -N"- cyanoguanidine hydrochloride (AL0671), a newly synthesized cyanoguanidine-derivative potassium channel opener, on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in obese Zucker rats, a genetically engineered model of type IV hyperlipidemia. AL0671 dose-dependently decreased systolic blood pressure in obese Zucker rats. Serial administration (for 1 or 2 weeks) of AL0671 (5 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased serum total triglyceride, chylomicron and very-low-density lipoprotein levels with increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas low-density lipoprotein levels did not change. AL0671 (5 mg/kg/day) increased lipoprotein lipase activities 4-fold and hepatic triglyceride lipase activities 3-fold in postheparin plasma. Another urea-derivative compound, AL0674, whose potassium channel-opening activity is diminished, did not affect serum lipid and lipoprotein levels. These results suggested that AL0671 activates both lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase activities through its potassium channel-opening activity followed by decreasing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in genetically obese hyperlipemic rats. Therefore, AL0671 might be beneficial in the treatment of hypertensive patients with hypertriglyceridemia (probably with insulin resistance).
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PMID:A possible mechanism of action of a new potassium channel opener, AL0671, on lipid metabolism in obese Zucker rats. 799 82


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