Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathophysiology of the nephrotic syndrome (NS), characterized by protenuria, edema, sodium retention and hyperlipidemia, is not clear. We studied the role of some systemic factors on sodium retention in an experimental model of NS. NS was induced in rats by a single subcutaneous injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) (15 mg/100 g); control animals received vehicle. All rats were kept in metabolic cages for 24 days (3 days before and 21 days after PA-injection). Urine was collected daily. Blood samples were obtained every day until day 10, and then every other day up to the end of the study. The rats showed the following alterations after PA injection: a) a rise in serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity (ACEA) and plasma aldosterone (PAldo) at day 1; b) a rise in urinary aldosterone (UAaldoV), azotemia and sodium retention at day 2; c) massive proteinuria (UProt) and decrease in plasma angiotensinogen concentration (PAC) at day 4; d) increases in plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma renin concentration (PRC) and serum creatinine as well as hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, ascitis and edema at day 5; e) increase in urine volume at day 6. PAldo became normal at day 7; urine sodium (UNaV), PRA and PRC at day 8; UAldoV at day 9; serum urea and ACEA at day 10; urinary volume at day 11; PAC, serum total protein and creatinine at day 12. The edema disappeared at day 11. UProt, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia persisted, though they decreased substantially by the end of the study (day 21). Light microscopy studies revealed normal glomerular morphology, but electron microscopy showed fusion of podocytes before proteinuria. These data suggest that: a) sodium retention was not a consequence of proteinuria or hypoproteinemia; b) sodium retention seems non-related to renin secretion, but may be partially mediated by a fall in glomerular filtration rate or by an increased tubular resabsorption secondary to other factors; c) the increase in PAldo, UAldoV and ACEA are non-related to renin secretion: all occurred before PRA rose; d) water retention, increase in PRA and PRC, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are secondary to the hypoproteinemia.
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PMID:Pathophysiology of experimental nephrotic syndrome induced by puromycin aminonucleoside in rats. I. The role of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on sodium retention. 223 72

To determine whether the metabolism of diet-derived triglycerides (TG) is acutely regulated by the consumption of insulinogenic carbohydrates, we measured the effects of glucose ingestion on oral and intravenous fat tolerance, and on serum triglyceride concentrations obtained during duodenal fat perfusion. Postprandial lipemia was diminished by the ingestion of 50 g (148 +/- 121 mg.dl-1 x 7 h-1 vs 192 +/- 124 mg.dl-1 x 7 h-1, P less than 0.05) and 100 g (104 +/- 106 mg.dl-1 x 7 h-1 vs 171 +/- 104 mg.dl-1 x 7 h-1, P less than 0.05) glucose. Peak postprandial TG concentrations occurred later after meals containing glucose and fat than after meals containing fat alone. This effect could be reproduced when an iso-osmotic quantity of urea was substituted for glucose in the test meal. Starch ingestion had no discernible effect on postprandial lipemia. Intravenous fat tolerance was similar before (4.9 +/- 1.2%.min-1) and 2 h (4.4 +/- 1.3%.min-1) and 4 h (4.8 +/- 1.5%.min-1) after 50 g glucose ingestion. During duodenal fat perfusion, glucose ingestion caused a progressive decrease in plasma triglyceride concentrations. These data suggest that glucose ingestion diminishes postprandial lipemia in a dose-dependent manner, but that this effect is not due to increased clearance of triglyceride from the circulation. The hypotriglyceridemic effects of glucose appear to reflect delayed gastric emptying and decreased hepatic secretion of triglyceride.
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PMID:Effects of glucose ingestion on postprandial lipemia and triglyceride clearance in humans. 235 68

Eight patients with end-stage renal failure (plasma albumin less than 35 g/l) who were established on glucose CAPD exchanges, were studied for 4-week periods before, and after 12 weeks when 1% amino-acid solution had been used for the morning exchange. Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary assessments were made every 4 weeks. Dietary intakes of protein and calories were maintained. Studies with amino-acid solutions showed a mean of 13% and 8% amino acids remaining in the dialysate after 6 and 8 h respectively. Plasma amino acids increased to a maximum after 2 h of dialysis; however, fasting concentrations were constant over the 5 months. Osmolality of amino acids decreased comparably with 1.36% glucose during 8-h exchanges although the recovery of fluid was marginally less. Plasma transferrin increased significantly after 8 weeks of amino acids but subsequently decreased in one patient due to infection. No significant changes occurred in albumin, apolipoprotein A, IgG, IgA or prealbumin. Cholesterol and apolipoprotein B decreased in seven patients but increased in one due to rising calorie intake. Increases in urea and decreases in bicarbonate were not clinically significant. Amino-acid-based fluid was well tolerated with modest nutritional benefit and reduction in hyperlipidaemia. Optimal effects of amino acids are likely at higher concentrations using two or more exchanges in patients eating less than 0.9 g protein/kg per day.
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PMID:The use of an amino-acid-based CAPD fluid over 12 weeks. 250 36

To summarize, patients with the "beer potomania" syndrome are characterized by 1) a history of chronic alcohol ingestion (in a hypotonic form); 2) protein malnutrition; 3) signs, symptoms and laboratory values consistent with water intoxication, including hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and, usually, hypokalaemia; 4) no evidence of another cause of hyponatraemia such as steroid use, diuretic use, hyperlipidaemia, etc. The pathophysiology involves the inability to excrete sufficient free water, based on a loss of normal renal urea gradients. Patients may actually be total-body sodium depleted, yet have elevated urinary sodium and fractional sodium excretion due to this disorder of water metabolism. Attention to proper nutrition during the acute illness may obviate the need for potentially hazardous administration of hypertonic saline.
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PMID:Beer potomania syndrome in an alcoholic. 276 35

Polymorphism at the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) locus is an important factor in the development of remnant (Type III) hyperlipidemia and also influences the distribution of cholesterol concentrations in the population. The new method for ApoE phenotyping described here gives good results with simple apparatus. Serum (10 microL) is digested with sialidase (EC 3.2.1.18), delipidated, and redissolved in 6 mol/L urea. Electrofocusing is carried out in agarose, followed by immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody to ApoE and an anti-immunoglobulin-peroxidase conjugate. Sialidase-catalyzed digestion effectively removes sialated forms of ApoE, which eases interpretation. This method can be used in nonspecialist laboratories and is particularly suited for assay of large numbers of samples.
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PMID:Apolipoprotein E phenotype determined by agarose gel electrofocusing and immunoblotting. 279 Dec 74

We started a special follow-up system for women who had a history of severe toxemic pregnancy in our department since 1975. All medical records from 1956 to 1975 were reviewed and 468 deliveries with such disease were registered at that time. One hundred and ninety five deliveries (186 women) also were added from the prospective point of view until 1985. Among 654 patients, 374 women were available to address. I. The latter 186 women were divided into 7 groups: A1, A2, A3, A4, B1; and B2. The definitions of each group were as follows. A1: primipara with severe toxemia; A2: multipara that had a severe toxemia at the first time and then normal pregnancy (ies); A3: multipara that had a severe toxemia in the first pregnancy and then mild one(s); A4: multipara that repeated severe diseases; A5: multipara that had a severe toxemia and then unclassified type(s) of the disease; B1: multipara that had a normal pregnancy at the first time and then severe toxemia(s); B2: multipara that had a mild toxemia in the first pregnancy and then severe one(s). The percent of each group was 25, 24, 13, 15, 4, 6, and 12% respectively. Those women who had severe toxemia(s) were found to have hypertension, high levels of blood urea nitrogen, hyperhematocritemia, and hyperlipemia from the results of clinical and laboratory data. Consequently, they are a high risk group of atherosclerosis, because hypertension and hyperlipemia are main risk factors of that disease. II. Eighty percent of 374 women who had a history of severe toxemia from 1956 to 1985 was able to be followed up by us until 1987. Those women also were divided into the same groups as described above except A5, and checked up as to hypertension, hyperlipemia, body weight, and so on. The characteristic features were that the group A2 is in a well condition, and that many of group A4 are suffering from various diseases with regard to the remote prognosis. In conclusions, it was suggested that there may be four etiologic causes as to toxemia of pregnancy. The first is a disadaptation during pregnancy, and this seems to consist mainly of pregnancy induced hypertension. The second has various underlying diseases, such as chronic hypertension or renal disease, etc.. The third has a hypertensive trait which is manifested as the pregnancy advances. The fourth is considered to be related to biologic ageing.
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PMID:[Follow-up study on women suffered from severe toxemia of pregnancy]. 325 67

We developed an enzymatic method for determination of 5-fluorocytosine in serum, using creatine iminohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.21), the Cobas-Bio analyzer, and an extant ammonia method. Analytical recovery (y) of drug added to serum (x) was good, with y = 0.97x-0.7, Sy.x = 3.6, r = 0.997 (n = 65) over the range 6.25 to 150 mg/L. Comparison with an HPLC method (x) showed good agreement: y = 0.98x + 1.34, Sy.x = 3.7 (n = 37), as analyzed with the Deming debiased regression. Precision was good, CVs being less than 3% for within-run and less than 6% for between-run controls. Ammonia, amphotericin B, glucose, urea, and hemolysis do not interfere, but bilirubin shows analyte-dependent interference and lipemia interferes when triglycerides exceed 5 g/L. This assay is accurate, inexpensive, and easy to perform. It can be easily adapted for routine or emergency use.
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PMID:An enzymatic method for 5-fluorocytosine. 333 87

Anthropometric measurements, sixteen specific plasma proteins, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea and creatinine were measured at 4-monthly intervals for 1 year in 15 patients on CAPD. Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests were performed on 11 patients at the start and after 4 and 12 months. Body weight increased due mainly to a mean increase in 'calculated' body fat of 2.0 kg with increases in cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B. Gain in fat correlated with the daily supply of dextrose in the dialysis fluid. Albumin, transferrin, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein decreased in 8 patients who intermittently ate less than 1.3 g protein/kg/day. A high concentration of dextrose in the dialysis fluid probably caused loss of appetite. Peritonitis resulted in increases in acute phase proteins although other plasma proteins decreased. Skin test responses indicated improvement in cell-mediated immunity during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The incidence of peritonitis and length of stay in hospital were greater in the patients who were hypoalbuminaemic probably due to impairment of the humoral mechanism. Dextrose in dialysis fluid may contribute to hyperlipidaemia and malnutrition with impairment of immunocompetence.
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PMID:Nutrition and delayed hypersensitivity during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in relation to peritonitis. 372 25

The prevalence of hypertension among Kazak, Han, and Uygur nationalities living in Xinjiang Autonomous Region was 15.3%, 4.2%, and 2.1%, respectively; 257 men (92, 92, 83 subjects, respectively), aged 40-59 years were studied. The variables analyzed were serum total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, alpha-GT, triglyceride, plasma fibrinogen, and glucose concentrations; and urinary Na, K, Ca, Mg, urea nitrogen, taurine, sulfate, and NaCNS (an index of smoking), content. The data on nutritional variables indicated that Kazak subjects have a higher intake of sheep meat and milk, add salt to milk and tea, and take little starchy food, fresh fruits, and vegetables, as compared with Han and, especially, Uygur subjects. Statistical analysis showed Na intake (Na/K) exerted a prehypertensive effect; Ca (Ca/Mg) was implicated in blood pressure regulation; an antihyperlipidemic factor may exist in the Kazak diet; animal protein is correlated with elevated blood pressure; alcohol consumption may contribute to hypertension; and a mosaic model of metabolic disturbances, including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, impaired fibrinolytic activity, and hyperlipidemia, appear to exist.
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PMID:Nutrition, metabolism, and hypertension. A comparative survey between dietary variables and blood pressure among three nationalities in China. 376 Sep 14

A cyclophosphamide injection to male New Zealand white rabbits induced a pronounced hypertriglyceridemia and a hypercholesterolemia whose concentration was maximal at 16 hr. Different doses were studied. In this hyperlipemia significant changes in plasma lipoprotein fractions appeared: the very low density lipoproteins increased and the high density lipoproteins decreased. Lipid composition showed that HDL cholesterol was very low comparatively to a high VLDL cholesterol. The apoprotein composition of VLDL from treated rabbits was studied and compared to that of normal rabbits. After electrophoresis in urea/polyacrylamide gels, two new apoproteins which resembled those observed in irradiated rabbits appeared. The molecular weight of these proteins was about 10,000, and they focused into three bands with isoelectric points of 6.72, 6.42 and 6.10. Total lipoprotein lipase activity in treated rabbits decreased; it was very low with 32.5 mg/kg. This lipolytic activity remains to be studied after separation of hepatic triacylglycerol lipase and lipoprotein lipase activities by chromatography.
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PMID:Effects of an antimitotic agent (cyclophosphamide) on plasma lipoproteins. 648 48


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