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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Excretion of catecholamines and DOPA was impaired in patients with metabolic-alimentary obesity, with ischemic disease of heart, with atherosclerosis and excessive weight. Distinct decrease in content of adrenaline, noradrenaline and DOPA was observed in patients with obesity; the phenomenon was less pronounced in ischemic disease of heart, mainly in aged patients. Correlation was found between the rate of excretion of catecholamines and DOPA and the extent of hyperlipidemia. Dietetics did not normalize completely the impairments studied. Additional administration of pyridoxine caused a favorable effect.
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PMID:[Excretion of catecholamines and DOPA in lipid metabolism disorders]. 59 86

In fed rats the effects of catechloamines and adrenergic antagonists on blood glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), and liver glycogen levels were investigated in order to determine the role of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in metabolic responses to catechloamines. Hyperglycemic responses to dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A) and isoprenaline (ISP) were dose-related and accompained by a depletion of liver glycogen. The relative potencies in producing hyperglycemia and in causing liver glycogenolysis were in descending order of potency, A, NA, DA and ISP. Hyperlipemic response was most potent to NA and DA, weaker to ISP, and least potent to A. Phentolamine antagonized completely both hyperglycemia and hepatic glycogen depletion induced by all catecholamines. Propranolol impaired only hyperglycemic responses to A and ISP. Phentolamine antagonized hyperlipemia induced by DA and NA but only partially impaired hyperlipemia after A. Propranolol only partially antagonized hyperlipemic responses to NA and ISP without influencing DA--and A-induced hyperlipemia. The results indicate that in fed rats hyperglycemic responses to catecholamines are mediated mainly by an alpha-adrenergic receptor, and hyperlipemic responses do not fit inton the alpha-receptor or beta-receptor classification.
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PMID:Effect of catecholamines and adrenergic antagonists on blood glucose, free fatty acids and liver glycogen levels in fed rats. 75 44

Functional and metabolic parameters of thoracic aorta from Watanabe heritable hyperlipemic (WHHL) rabbits (aged 11-14 months) were investigated in vitro. The aortic preparations, normally responsive to noradrenaline, showed a diminished response to the endothelium-dependent agent, acetylcholine, in comparison with control preparations from age-matched New Zealand rabbits (maximal relaxation: 33 +/- 4% in WHHL vs. 52 +/- 2% in controls: P less than 0.005). ATP relaxant effect (only partially endothelium-dependent) was unimpaired in WHHL aorta, and it was much higher than in controls (maximal response: 63 +/- 6% vs. 37 +/- 3%, respectively; P less than 0.005). The response to NaNO2, an endothelium-independent relaxant, was unchanged in WHHL aortas. Acetylcholine-induced response was found to be inversely related to the degree of total cholesterol infiltration in aorta (r = -0.62, P less than 0.05). No correlation was observed between either total serum cholesterol or triglycerides and ACh-induced response. Furthermore, the concentration of adenine nucleotides and nucleosides in the aortic tissue of WHHL rabbits was lower than in controls, indicating a loss of energy balance. The results indicate a functional damage induced by genetic hyperlipidemia on endothelium-dependent relaxation and an impairment of energy-rich phosphate metabolism of the aortic wall. The relationship between functional and metabolic parameters is not yet clarified.
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PMID:Endothelium-dependent relaxation, cholesterol content and high energy metabolite balance in Watanabe hyperlipemic rabbit aorta. 261 Jul 24

The sympathetic nervous system helps regulate both physiologic and metabolic functions. Norepinephrine usually mediates the physiologic functions, including heart rate, myocardial contractility, vasomotor tone, and blood pressure. Epinephrine produces the metabolic effects--including hyperglycemia, hyperlactacidemia, hyperlipemia, increased oxygen consumption, and serum potassium changes. Many of the metabolic effects are common to hypertension. Understanding the metabolic effects of the catecholamines could lead to understanding their role in disease states and thus to knowing the usefulness and risks of drugs that either mimic or block their action. The data presented were selected for their relevance to the metabolic abnormalities commonly encountered among hypertensive patients. The sympathetic nervous system's effects on glucose homeostasis, lipoprotein metabolism, potassium homeostasis, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension are discussed.
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PMID:Metabolic factors and the sympathetic nervous system. 268 91

The injection of DL-octopamine to emerging adult honey bees (1 nanomol per individual) promptly rises the haemolymph levels of steroids, diacyl and triacylglycerols (over 100% increase occurring after 10 min). Free fatty acids are then increased (by 131%) 45 mn after injections. These responses are completely abolished by 2.5 nanomol propranolol and 0.07 nanomol cyclic somatostatin. Octopamine thus seems to be more strongly involved in the lipemia than in the glycemia regulation, by contrast with noradrenaline which is, apparently, more active on carbohydrates.
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PMID:[Interaction of propranolol and somatostatin with the octopaminergic response of honeybee lipemia in vivo]. 290 12

During three-month therapy with small doses of guanfacine (Estulic Sandoz) that were sufficient to control blood pressure in patients with stage II essential hypertension and led to a decrease in excretion of noradrenaline and vanillylmandelic acid, the authors found a decrease in the level of blood cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidaemia. There was no adverse effect on the levels of triglycerides, beta, pre-beta and alpha lipoproteins. The authors conclude that Estulic therapy is indicated in patients who, in addition to essential hypertension, have hyperlipidaemia.
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PMID:The effect of small doses of guanfacine (Estulic Sandoz) on the lipid levels and catecholamine excretion in patients with essential hypertension. 331 51

The pathophysiology of familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is unknown, but altered lipid turnover in peripheral tissues as well as hepatic overproduction of apolipoprotein B have been suggested as possible causes. In the present study, we explored whether a change in triglyceride breakdown by lipolysis in fat cells is present in FCHL. Lipolysis activation by catecholamines was examined in isolated subcutaneous adipocytes from 10 patients with FCHL and 22 healthy control subjects. Lipolysis rate was linear for at least 3 h in both groups. However, a marked (approximately 65%) decrease in the lipolytic response to noradrenaline was found in FCHL. This was also true when lipolysis was maximally stimulated at the receptor level with isoprenaline (nonselective beta-adrenergic agonist), at the adenylyl cyclase level with forskolin, or at the level of the protein kinase hormone-sensitive lipase complex with dibutyryl cAMP. The maximum enzymatic activity of hormone-sensitive lipase was decreased by approximately 40% in FCHL. On the other hand, the lipolytic sensitivity of alpha 2-, beta 1-, and beta 2-adrenoceptors was normal in this condition, as was the number and affinity of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors. Variations in the maximum lipolysis rate correlated significantly with the variations in hormone-sensitive lipase activity in the whole material, and with the serum values for triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and apoB lipoprotein within the control group, but the serum triglyceride values in FCHL were higher than this correlation predicted. In conclusion, the data demonstrate a marked resistance to the lipolytic effect of catecholamines in fat cells from patients with FCHL, in spite of normal adrenoceptor function. The lipolytic defect appears predominantly to be due to a defect in hormone-sensitive lipase, and may be of importance in the pathophysiology of FCHL.
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PMID:Impaired activation of adipocyte lipolysis in familial combined hyperlipidemia. 773 84

The endothelins are a recently discovered family of potent contractile peptides produced by endothelial cells. These peptides have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and so on. The aim of our study was to compare the responses to endothelin-1 (ET-1) with those to L-noradrenaline (NA) in aortic rings from rats of different strains and ages. Thoracic aorta rings from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar Kyoto (WKY), Brown Norway (BN) and spontaneously hyperlipemic (Yoshida, YOS) rats 2-4 (young), 6-8 (adult) and 20-25 (old) months old were used. There were no changes in the pD2 values for ET-1 and NA between WKY and SHR rats at the ages studied. The ET-1 and NA Emax in adult SHR rats was significantly lower than in the age-matched WKY animals. Old age reduced the ET-1 and NA Emax in both SHR and WKY rats abolishing the difference observed at 6-8 months in the same groups. The reactivity to ET-1 and NA of BN and YOS rats was modified only in young rats. In YOS strain aging did not modify the ET-1 and NA responses as the pD2 and Emax values remained unchanged. Our findings demonstrate that ET-1 is a more potent vasoconstrictor than NA and that this potency remains unchanged throughout the ages and the pathologies studied. In contrast, the pD2 of NA decreases with old age in SHR and WKY rats. We conclude that rat strain but not hypertension or hyperlipemia can modify the response to ET-1 or NA in old age. We suppose that this functional change may involve alterations in the responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle.
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PMID:Aging and in vitro vascular responses to endothelin-1 in several rat strains. 810 9

In the present study the influence of low doses of intravenous nicotine administration on hormonal and metabolic events was studied in man in view of the clinical implications of moderate smoking on the development of hyperlipidemia. Hormonal, metabolic and cardiovascular effects of a 30 min intravenous nicotine infusion (0.25 or 0.5 microgram/kg/min) were determined in seven non-smoking, healthy, normal weight male individuals after an overnight fast. Nicotine caused a significant dose-dependent increase in the plasma levels of nicotine, cotinine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, glycerol and free fatty acids (FFA). The serum nicotine concentrations peaked at the end of the infusion followed by a gradual decline, although they were still increased 90 min after cessation of infusion. Serum cotinine levels (the main nicotine metabolite) continuously increased during the experiment and statistically significant increases were found from 30 min after the start of infusion of nicotine. Serum noradrenaline, adrenaline, glycerol and FFA levels had increased significantly by 15 min of nicotine infusion. Nicotine produced significant elevations of adrenaline, glycerol and FFA concentrations at both doses (maximal increments of 247, 184 and 153%, respectively) and the peak effect occurred at 30 min. However, noradrenaline levels only responded to the high nicotine dose and the maximal increment (168%) was already found at 15 min. The increments of noradrenaline and adrenaline failed to elicit changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure or heart rate. Nicotine did not alter plasma levels of glucagon, insulin, glucose, pyruvate or lactate and a non-significant increase in serum cortisol and growth hormone levels was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes in circulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolites following systemic nicotine treatment in healthy men. 811 70

1. Sympathetic neurotransmission and noradrenaline content of the tail artery of Donryu rats fed for 2 months with a cholesterol-supplemented diet enriched with 4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid, 0.5% thiouracil (CCT), were examined. 2. Total serum cholesterol level of CCT fed rats (7.05 +/- 1.77 mg ml(-1), n = 8) was significantly greater than lab-chow fed controls (2.58 +/- 0.32 mg ml(-1), n = 8). Low density lipoprotein level was also significantly increased in CCT-fed (1.79 +/- 0.26 mg ml(-1), n = 8) compared with control fed rats (1.35 +/- 0.25 mg ml(-1), n = 8) but plasma levels of triglyceride and high density lipoproteins did not differ significantly between the two groups. 3. Contractile responses of the arterial rings to transmural nerve stimulation (65 V, 0.1 ms, 4-64 Hz, 1 s), were markedly attenuated in the CCT fed animals compared with the controls. This reduction involved the noradrenergic rather than purinergic component of sympathetic transmission. 4. Vasoconstrictor responses to exogenous noradrenaline (0.01-300 microM) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (0.3-1000 microM) were unaffected by CCT diet, indicating prejunctional alteration of sympathetic neurotransmission during CCT-induced hyperlipidaemia. 5. The noradrenaline content of the tail arteries of CCT fed animals (2.64 +/- 0.36 ng mg(-1), n = 6) was significantly lower than that of controls (3.82 +/- 0.32 ng mg(-1), n = 6). 6. These findings show that chronic treatment of Donryu rats with a cholesterol-supplemented diet led to altered levels of circulating lipid fractions accompanied by attenuated sympathetic noradrenergic neurotransmission and reduced noradrenaline content of the rat tail artery.
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PMID:Reduced sympathetic noradrenergic neurotransmission in the tail artery of Donryu rats fed with high cholesterol-supplemented diet. 953 33


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