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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have evaluated the incidence, long term evolution and pathogenesis of posttransplant hyperlipidaemia (HL) in 88 transplanted patients without nephrotic syndrome followed for 2 to 13 years by the same staff. Incidence of HL decreased strikingly over the years from 51% at 2 years to 25% at 10 years. This fall was due solely to the return to normal of the lipid profile in 13 patients between 2 and 8 years after transplantation. This progressive decrease should be taken into account when the frequency of posttransplantation dyslipaemia is assessed. The incidence of hyperlipidaemia increases with age. Above 40 years, hyperlipidaemia is more frequent in females than in males. Obesity and reduced renal function are both associated with a higher incidence of dyslipaemia. No relationship was found between lipid disorders and either steroid dosage or fasting blood glucose levels. Dyslipaemia appears thus to be due to the interplay of several factors. Normalisation of the lipid profile occurred in 13 patients without significant decrease in bodyweight, serum creatinine or prednisone dosage. At 8 years atheromatous lesions were not more frequent in dyslipaemic than in normolipaemic subjects.
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PMID:The evolution of hyperlipidaemia late after renal transplantation. 39 4

Nonnutritive sweeteners have been utilized in the diet of diabetic patients an an agent to replace glucose and sucrose. Since saccharin might be removed from the marketplace, the nutritive sweeteners fructose, xylitol, and sorbitol are being considered as possible alternatives for glucose and sucrose. This review considers the effects of these nutritive sweeteners on the main dietary concerns in the diabetic diet--control of blood glucose levels, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. The potential side effects of these agents are also reviewed.
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PMID:Use of fructose, xylitol, or sorbitol as a sweetener in diabetes mellitus. 40 Jan 32

Fifty relatives of 7 families with high prevalence of obesity were investigated and the possibility was shown that there were three forms of familial obesity--normoinsulinemic obesity, hyperinsulinemic obesity and diabetic obesity. In normoinsulinemic obesity, both glucose tolerance and plasma lipids were normal with a few exceptions whereas in hyperinsulinemic obesity, mild glucose intolerance and manifest hyperlipidemia, and in diabetic obesity, blunted insulinogenic index and more advanced glucose intolerance with slight hyperlipidemia existed.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of plasma insulin and triglyceride levels in obesity demonstrated by family study. 45 3

Seven healthy young adults were maintained for two separate 1-week periods on each of two very high-carbohydrate diets, one with low-fiber and one with high-fiber content. In both diets 15% of the calories were from protein, 15% from fat, and 70% were from carbohydrate. The low-fiber diet consisted of milk, glucose, and dextrins in liquid formula form, the high-fiber diet was composed of starchy foods. The crude fiber content of the high- and low-fiber diets was 18.0 and 1.0 g, respectively. The diets were isocaloric and the subjects maintained a stable weight. During the low-fiber diet the fasting triglycerides rose, reaching a peak 45% above base-line in 6 days. During the high-fiber diet the triglycerides fell to a level slightly below base-line. The cholesterol fell 16 and 23% below base-line on the low- and high-fiber diets. The glucose response to test meals representative of each diet was similar. The insulin response to a low-fiber meal was twice as great as that to a high-fiber meal containing an equivalent amount of carbohydrate. The results suggest that carbohydrate-induced hyperlipemia does not occur if the high carbohydrate diet is rich in dietary fiber, and furthermore that the insulin-stimulating potential of foods in a very high-carbohydrate diet is a critical determinant of the magnitude of carbohydrate-induced lipemia.
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PMID:Effect of high- and low-fiber diets on plasma lipids and insulin. 45 63

Abnormal glucose tolerance was found in 30 of 100 patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia (74 males, 26 females, age 45.9 +/- 11.4 years, Broca index 116 +/- 25%; 44 type II b, 7 type III and 49 type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia). In 19 cases the abnormal glucose tolerance was discovered during treatment with diet and, if necessary, lipid-lowering substances for an average of 5.8 +/- 2.8 years. Compared with the normal population there was in these patients an 8- to 10-fold increase in the incidence of abnormal glucose tolerance. Therapy-induced lowering of the serum triglyceride concentration was followed by an improvement of the abnormal glucose tolerance. The "antidiabetic" effect of hyperlipidaemia treatment was only slightly improved by concurrent weight reduction. These results indicate that the treatment of hyperlipidaemia in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia is of importance in the prevention of diabetes.
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PMID:[Glucose tolerance in the course of treating endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia (author's transl)]. 45 56

The cardiological centers of Pordenone and Cittadella (Italy) organized by the Institute of Clinica Medica II of Padua University, have carried out a study on the "Precursors of arteriosclerosis in children", according to a WHO protocol. In this paper some results of the Pordenone study are reported, concerning serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and blood glucose 1 h after 1 g/Kg glucose per os. 520 school children, males and females, aged 6, 9, 12, 15 years, entered the study. Mean serum TC resulted significantly higher at age 12 as compared to the other age classes. Serum TG progressively increased with age. Mean serum TC and TG in our italian children and adolescents were silimar to those reported in studies from other countries. Blood glucose resulted significantly higher in children than in adolescents. The distribution of the blood glucose values was bimodal. After having arbitrarily fixed cut-off points for serum TC, TG and blood glucose, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia was determined. The prevalence figures have shown that at the pediatric age it is possible to identify subjects at "risk" of developing arteriosclerosis.
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PMID:[Precursors of arteriosclerosis in childhood. Protocol and firsts results concerning plasma lipids and carbohydrate tolerance in 520 school children at Pordenone (Italy) (author's transl)]. 47 17

Because several recent reports have indicated a high incidence of hyperlipidemia in insulin-dependent juvenile diabetes, the plasma lipid levels were measured in a population of insulin-dependent diabetic patients to determine if hyperlipidemia is necessarily associated with diabetes. Only one patient had an elevated cholesterol concentration (greater than 220 mg. per deciliter) and two patients had an elevated triglyceride concentration (greater than 140 mg. per deciliter), giving an incidence of 6.4 per cent. A normal control group had an incidence of hyperlipidemia of 5.7 per cent. The mean cholesterol level (164 "/- 38 mg. per deciliter) of the diabetic population was significantly less than that of the normal control group (183 +/- 38 mg. per deciliter). The diabetic patients were divided into groups on the basis of 24-hour urinary glucose excretion and records of glycosuria. The serum triglyceride of the patients in group 4 (highest urinary glucose content and spills) was significantly elevated above three other groups with less glucosuria. Dietary history revealed that group 4 patients consumed a significantly higher percentage of fat. Cholesterol levels did not correlate with parameters of regulation of the diabetes.
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PMID:Plasma lipid levels in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 55 67

The effects of different dietary carbohydrates and different dietary fats as well as of differently spaced dietary constituents on 24-h plasma free fatty acids and triglycerides were determined in healthy young males. If, in an isocaloric diet containing 15-20% protein, 37% fat and 43--48% carbohydrates, sucrose is compared with glucose, 24-h plasma triglycerides are significantly higher with the former carbohydrate. When palm oil (mainly 16 : 0 fatty acids) is compared with olive oil (mainly 18 : 1 fatty acids), 24-h triglycerides are significantly higher with the latter. If the carbohydrate component of a mixed meal is removed, alimentary lipemia is considerably greater. Our findings supplement long term studies regarding the effect of different dietary fats and carbohydrates on plasma lipids and allow calculation of "upper normal limits" for 24-h plasma triglycerides and free fatty acid patterns on isocaloric diets of "prudent" composition.
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PMID:Acute dietary effects on diurnal plasma lipids in normal subjects. 55 67

To study how acetylation affects the activity of sympathomimetic amines the effects of tyramine, amphetamine, ephedrine, phenylephrine, orciprenaline and salbutamol and of their O- and N-acetyl derivatives on blood glucose and free fatty acid concentrations were studied in the rabbit. Hyperglycemia was induced by all parent compounds except amphetamine which tended to have a weak hypoglycaemic action. Hyperlipaemia in the doses used was induced by ephedrine and orciprenaline but not by the other parent compounds. Usually acetylation decreased the metabolic effects of the compounds but O-acetylation of tyramine and salbutamol caused hyperlipaemia and O-acetylation of ephedrine increased its fatty acid-mobilizing action, perhaps as a consequence of increased lipid solubility of the compounds. The ultimate effects of the O-acetyl derivatives were probably at least partly due to deacetylation at their sites of action. However O-acetylation of sympathomimetics could perhaps be used to induce drug latentiation.
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PMID:Metabolic actions of some sympathomimetic amines and their acetyl derivatives in the rabbit. 57 60

The data on the interrelationship of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis are shown. To characterize the frequency of cardiovascular lesions and their different character according to age in patients with diabetes, the results of clinical analysis of 2,540 patients and the findings of thorough clinical and laboratory examination of 1,154 individuals, 20.1% of whom were over 60, are presented. The high frequency of angiopathies (84.6%) confirms the "atherogenics" effect of diabetes mellitus. The age differences consist in the predominance of organic lesions among elderly persons. The frequent occurrence of a disturbed glucose tolerance test and the development of diabetes mellitus in these patients are evidence of the "diabetogenic" effect of atherosclerosis. Some hormonal and metabolic mechanisms are investigated for the interpretation of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular lesions in diabetes. The contribution of contrainsular hormones (somatotrophic hormone, adrenal hormones) and hyperlipidemia to the development of diabetic angiopathies is substantiated. The difference between diabetic macroangiopathies and atherosclerosis in nondiabetic individuals is discussed on the strength of the results of electron microscopy of the mucle capillaries. It is concluded that these two diseases, which are widely encountered among elderly individuals, have hormonal, metabolic, and genetic developmental mechanisms in common.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular system diseases in middle age]. 59 11


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