Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of L-arginine and spermidine on hemoglobin glycation and lipid peroxidation in serum of normal and diabetic rats was studied. Five groups of 40 rats were studied during 20 days and compared with a control group (Group I) that consisted of normal rats (N = 6) not treated with L-arginine or spermidine. Group II, diabetic rats (alloxan 120 mg/kg, i.p. at the day 0 and alloxan 60 mg/kg, i.p. at the day 10) were considered as diabetic control. Group III, diabetic rats treated with 10 mM L-arginine (i.p.). Group IV, diabetic rats treated with 10 microM spermidine (i.p.). Group V, normal rats treated with 10 mM L-arginine (i.p.). Group VI, normal rats treated with 10 microM spermidine (i.p.). The rats of each group were divided in subgroups of four each. Rats were anesthetized and blood was taken from aorta to determine glucose, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1C)), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). We observed that the alloxan concentrations used in this study reproduced the clinical manifestations of disease including hyperglycemia (from 116 +/- 7 mg/dl to 435 +/- 80 mg/dl) in 96 hours. As a consequence the levels of TGs, TC, LDL, TBARS, and HbA(1C) were increased, whereas HDL diminished. HbA(1C) concentration was significantly correlated with the concentration of TBARS. The L-arginine and spermidine injection tended to normalize the glycemia from 24 hours, similarly, hyperlipidemia, TBARS, and HbA(1C). From these results, we conclude that l-arginine and spermidine exerted an inhibitory effect of hemoglobin glycation and lipid peroxidation in vivo, which may be relevant in preventing diabetic complications.
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PMID:Inhibition by L-arginine and spermidine of hemoglobin glycation and lipid peroxidation in rats with induced diabetes. 1633 6

The seed extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella were subjected to screening of antidiabetic activity in alloxan induced hyperglycemia. The oral administration of the extracts (300 mg/kg) produced significant antihyperglycemic action as well as it lowered the BUN levels significantly. In the same study the action of the extracts on diabetes induced hyperlipidemia was analyzed where the extracts significantly lowered the elevated cholesterol as well as LDL level. The antihyperglycemic action of the extracts may be due to the blocking of glucose absorption. The drug has the potential to act as antidiabetic as well as antihyperlipidemic.
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PMID:Antidiabetic activity of Caesalpinia bonducella seed extracts in rats. 1690 79

In this study, we investigated hypolipidemic mechanisms of the ethanolic extract of Ananas comosus L. leaves (AC) in mice and then determined its activities in related enzymes. The results showed that AC (0.40 g/kg) significantly inhibited the increase in serum triglycerides by 40% in fructose-fed mice. In mice induced by alloxan and high-fat diets, serum total cholesterol remained at a high level (180 - 220 mg/dl) within 7 days of removing high-fat diets but reached normal level (120 - 140 mg/dl) after AC (0.40 g/kg per day) treatment. Also, AC (0.40 and 0.80 g/kg) significantly inhibited serum lipids from the increase in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. AC (0.01 - 100 microg/ml) selectively activated lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity by 200% - 400% and significantly inhibited 3-hydroxyl-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase activity by 20% - 49% in vitro. Furthermore, 2 months of fenofibrate (0.20 g/kg) administration particularly increased mice liver weights (0.0760 +/- 0.0110 g/g) while AC (0.40 g/kg) had no effect (0.0403 +/- 0.0047). Taken together, these results suggest that AC will be a new potential natural product for the treatment of hyperlipidemia that exerts its actions through mechanisms of inhibiting HMGCoA reductase and activating LPL activities. Its action mechanisms differentiate from those with fibrates but may be partly similar to those with statins. It is hopeful that AC may serve as the adjuvant for fibrates.
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PMID:Hypolipidemic mechanisms of Ananas comosus L. leaves in mice: different from fibrates but similar to statins. 1738 35

A comparison was made of the effects of cholesterol feeding in normal rabbits and in rabbits rendered persistently diabetic by means of alloxan. In the two groups of animals hypercholesterolemia of comparable degree was induced by the feeding procedure. Nevertheless, the severity of the atherosclerosis of the aorta produced in the diabetic rabbits was much less than in the non-diabetic control animals. Indeed, a large proportion of the diabetic animals presented no atherosclerosis whatever. There was a similar inhibition of the deposit of lipid substances in the liver, spleen, and adrenal glands of the diabetic rabbits. The inhibition of the development of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis which was associated with the presence of alloxan diabetes was independent of the administration of alloxan per se. It was not dependent on the sex or weight of the animal, nor upon the daily dosage of cholesterol, the form in which it was administered, nor the duration of cholesterol feeding. It was also independent of changes in body weight occurring during the course of our experiments and of the actual degree of hypercholesterolemia induced by the administration of cholesterol. In addition, there was no gross or histological evidence of a morphological basis for the inhibitory effect either in the aorta or in the other organs in which it was observed. Only two factors were observed to be consistently associated with the inhibition of the expected morphological effects of cholesterol feeding, namely, the diabetic state and a degree of visible lipemia considerably greater than that observed in the control animals. The inhibitory effect observed in these experiments would appear to depend upon some as yet undetermined factor or factors implicit in the diabetic state or closely associated with it. The experimental data presented demonstrate clearly that hypercholesterolemia is not the sole factor concerned in the genesis of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis, but that another factor, or factors, rendered inoperative in our experiments must be essential to the production of the arterial lesions. In view of the inhibitory effect on the development of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis observed in alloxan-diabetic rabbits, the effect of alloxan diabetes on the retrogression of such arterial lesions was studied in another series of experiments. No effect on retrogression could be demonstrated within periods lasting up to a maximum of 4 months after the cessation of cholesterol feeding. The results of our two series of experiments, considered together, indicate that the process of deposition of lipids in the arterial walls is governed by factors different from those that are operative in the process of removal of lipids after they have been deposited. The inhibition of the development of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in alloxan-diabetic rabbits must depend on interference with the process of deposition of lipids and not on a process of removal of lipids as fast as they are deposited. Our experimental results find no direct application to the problem of arterial disease in human diabetes. Nevertheless, the experimental procedures that we have employed provide a new basis for the design of further experiments directed toward the elucidation of the nature of the unknown factors that govern the process of lipid deposition in the walls of arteries.
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PMID:The effect of alloxan diabetes on experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in the rabbit. 1812 62

Hyperglycemia, abnormal lipid and antioxidant profiles are the most usual complications in diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipemic and antioxidant potency of an ethanol extract of Costus speciosus root was investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic male (Charles Foster) rats. Four groups of alloxan diabetic rats (n = 6) were administered orally with different doses of Costus speciosus root extract (150, 300 and 450 mg/kg BW) and a standard drug, glibenclamide (600 microg/kg BW), for 4 weeks. Two groups of rats (n = 6) served as normal and diabetic controls. While the diabetic controls showed significant abnormal carbohydrate, lipid and antioxidant profiles, administration of 150 mg/kg BW dose neither improved glucose nor lipid metabolism and antioxidant levels. Administration of 300 and 450 mg/kg BW doses, however, resulted in a reversal of diabetes and its complications. Both doses significantly brought down blood glucose concentration (26.76%, 34.68%), increased glycogenesis and decreased glyconeogenesis bringing the glucose metabolism toward normalcy. These doses also reversed the hyperlipidemia by reducing plasma total lipid (12.87%, 178.24%), cholesterol (21.92%, 30.77%) and triglyceride (25.32%, 33.99%) and improved hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities. The high dose (450 mg/kg BW) was found to have more potential antioxidant activities compared with glibenclamide. It is concluded that Costus speciosus root extract possesses anti-hyperglycemic, antihyperlipemic and antioxidative effects, which may prove to be of clinical importance in the management of diabetes and its complications.
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PMID:Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Costus speciosus in alloxan induced diabetic rats. 1844 47

Dietary soy lecithin supplementation decreases hyperlipidemia and influences lipid metabolism. Although this product is used by diabetic patients, there are no data about the effect of soy lecithin supplementation on the immune system. The addition of phosphatidylcholine, the main component of lecithin, to a culture of lymphocytes has been reported to alter their function. If phosphatidylcholine changes lymphocyte functions in vitro as previously shown, then it could also affect immune cells in vivo. In the present study, the effect of dietary soy lecithin on macrophage phagocytic capacity and on lymphocyte number in response to concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation was investigated in non-diabetic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Supplementation was carried out daily with 2 g kg(-1) b.w. lecithin during 7 days. After that, blood was drawn from fasting rats and peritoneal macrophages and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were collected to determine the phospholipid content. Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG), total and HDL cholesterol and glucose levels were also determined. Lymphocytes were stimulated by ConA. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) dye reduction method and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate lymphocyte metabolism and cell number, respectively. Soy lecithin supplementation significantly increased both macrophage phagocytic capacity (+29%) in non-diabetic rats and the lymphocyte number in diabetic rats (+92%). It is unlikely that plasma lipid levels indirectly affect immune cells, since plasma cholesterol, TAG, or phospholipid content was not modified by lecithin supplementation. In conclusion, lymphocyte and macrophage function were altered by lecithin supplementation, indicating an immunomodulatory effect of phosphatidylcholine.
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PMID:Soy lecithin supplementation alters macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte response to concanavalin A: a study in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 1884 80

Responses of platelets from diabetic and diabetic-hyperlipidemic pigs were studied. Pigs were made diabetic with single dose of alloxan, which acts by selectively destroying insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells thus inducing type 1 diabetes. Pigs were kept for 1 or 12 wk, during which thrombin-induced aggregation was monitored in washed platelets. The platelets showed increased sensitivity to aggregation within 1 wk of induction of diabetes. Hyperlipidemia alone for 12 wk did not increase platelet hypersensitivity, but hyperlipidemia together with diabetes significantly increased thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Because this hypersensitivity occurred in washed platelets, this characteristic appears to be independent of any contribution by plasma factors or other blood cells. The hypersensitivity of platelets from diabetic pigs correlated with decreased activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase. These studies offer the first evidence that platelet hyperactivity occurs during the early stages (within a week) of induction of diabetes in pigs and before manifestation of other cardiovascular problems.
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PMID:Platelets from diabetic pigs exhibit hypersensitivity to thrombin. 1900 74

In the present study, the antihyperlipidaemic efficacy of ethanol extract of Gymnema montanum leaves was investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and the effect was compared to standard hypoglycaemic drug, glibenclamide. Male adult albino Wistar rats were injected with freshly prepared solution of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg body weight) to induce diabetes. After 2 weeks, the rats with moderate diabetes were administered G. montanum leaves (200 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days by gastric lavage, after which serum, liver and kidney samples were analysed for lipid profile, lipoprotein changes and fatty acid composition. While the alloxan-induced diabetic rats showed a significant increase in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids, the levels in the animals treated with G. montanum leaves were considerably reduced and restored to near normal values. Antihyperlipidaemic effects of G. montanum leaves were found to be comparable with that of glibenclamide. Similarly, G. montanum leaves treatment resulted in reversal of alterations observed in the plasma lipoproteins (high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and very high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) and fatty acid composition in serum, liver and kidney of alloxan-induced rats. Our study suggests that phytochemicals present in G. montanum may play an important role in suppressing the elevated lipid profile in diabetes and may be useful for the prevention and/or early treatment of diabetes-associated hyperlipidaemia.
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PMID:Antihyperlipidaemic effect of Gymnema montanum: a study on lipid profile and fatty acid composition in experimental diabetes. 1906 81

This study evaluated the supplementation of a mogrosides extract (MG) from fruits of Siraitia grosvenori on reducing oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The oxygen free radical scavenging activity of MG was also assessed in vitro. After induction of diabetes, a significant increase in the levels of serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as a reduction in the level of hepatic high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) associated with diminution of the corresponding antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase, were observed in all diabetic mice. Treatment of diabetic mice with MG (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg ) for 4 weeks significantly decreased serum glucose, TC, TG, and hepatic MDA levels (P < .05), whereas it increased serum HDL-C level and reactivated the hepatic antioxidant enzymes (P < .05) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice (P < .05). The hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidative activities of MG (100 mg/kg treatment) were all higher compared with all other diabetic groups and were similar to that observed for XiaoKeWan-pill (894 mg/kg; Guangzhou Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China), a Chinese traditional antidiabetic drug. Antioxidant capacity evaluated in vitro showed that MG and mogroside V, which was the main component of MG, possessed strong oxygen free radical scavenging activities. These results demonstrate that the extract may have capacity to inhibiting hyperglycemia induced by diabetes, and the data suggest that administration of the extract may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia. We conclude that the extract should be evaluated as a candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Mogrosides extract from Siraitia grosvenori scavenges free radicals in vitro and lowers oxidative stress, serum glucose, and lipid levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. 1908 20

Metallothioneins (MTs) are a group of intracellular metal-binding and cysteine-enriched proteins and are highly inducible in many tissues in response to various types of stress. Although it mainly acts as a regulator of metal homeostasis such as zinc and copper in tissues, MT also acts as a potent antioxidant and adaptive (or stress) protein to protect cells and tissues from oxidative stress. Diabetes affects many Americans and other populations, and its development and toxic effect on various organs have been attributed to increased oxidative stress. Studies showed that zinc-induced or genetically enhanced pancreatic MT synthesis prevented diabetes induced by chemicals such as streptozotocin and alloxan, and zinc pretreatment also prevented spontaneously developed diabetes. Since diabetic complications are the consequences of organ damage caused by diabetic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia through oxidative stress, whether MT in nonpancreatic organs also provides a preventive effect on diabetic toxicity has been recently investigated. We demonstrated that overexpression of cardiac MT significantly prevented diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. Likewise, overexpression of renal MT also prevented diabetes-induced renal toxicity. In addition, we also found that MT as an adaptive protein is overexpressed in several organs in response to diabetes. Therefore, the biological importance of diabetes-induced MT in diabetic complications and subsequent other pathogenesis was further explored. We found that diabetes-induced hepatic and renal MT synthesis was accompanied by a significant prevention of endotoxin-induced hepatic toxicity and cisplatin-induced renal toxicity. These studies suggest that MT as an adaptive protein can prevent both diabetes development and its complications or subsequent suffered other pathogenic injury.
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PMID:Metallothionein as an adaptive protein prevents diabetes and its toxicity. 1933 Jan 25


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