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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventeen patients with recurrent retinal vein occlusion were investigated for underlying medical conditions and compared with 61 patients with single retinal vein occlusion (26 with central, 35 with branch vein occlusion). The two study groups were comparable for age, sex, and weight. Patients with recurrence had a significantly increased prevalence rate of hypertension (88% versus 48%: p less than 0.01), with a trend to increased hyperlipidaemia (47% versus 33%) compared with patients with a single episode. A significantly raised mean systolic (p less than 0.05) but not diastolic blood pressure was found in patients with recurrence. Other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with recurrence were also found and included lower mean levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p less than 0.02) and the HDL2 subfraction (p less than 0.001), and a significantly increased proportion of patients with regular alcohol intake (p less than 0.01). We conclude that hypertension and hyperlipidaemia with an increase in other cardiovascular risk factors are commonly found in patients with recurrent retinal vein occlusion and may therefore be important aetiological factors. The possible benefits of treatment of these underlying conditions to prevent recurrence need to be assessed in well designed prospective studies.
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PMID:Medical conditions underlying recurrence of retinal vein occlusion. 401 42

Fifty Type II diabetic patients with mild hypertension were treated by a high cereal fibre, low fat and low sodium diet in a controlled trial for a 3-month period. The modified diet and control diet groups were well matched although the control group had significantly increased levels of HDL2-cholesterol (p less than 0.05). The modified diet group had a significant reduction of mean serum triglyceride (p less than 0.05) and elevation of HDL2 (p less than 0.05) levels. There was also a reduction of systolic (p less than 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.001), weight (p less than 0.01) and glycosylated haemoglobin (p less than 0.001). No changes were observed in the control group. In those patients with added hyperlipidaemia, dietary therapy resulted in a significant decrease of mean serum cholesterol (p less than 0.02), triglyceride (p less than 0.01) and glycosylated haemoglobin levels (p less than 0.01). The control group had a significant reduction of HDL-cholesterol (p less than 0.02). We conclude that a high cereal fibre, low fat and low sodium dietary regimen is associated with improvement in cardiovascular risk over a 3-month period, especially in those with hyperlipidaemia. Contrary to previous reports, no deleterious effect on serum triglyceride, HDL- and HDL2-cholesterol levels were recorded in this study. These data add further support to the recent dietary recommendations of several Diabetic Associations.
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PMID:Effect of a high fibre, high carbohydrate dietary regimen on serum lipids and lipoproteins in type II hypertensive diabetic patients. 609 30

Endogenous sex hormone activity results in higher levels of VLDL, LDL, and apo B in males than in females, while HDL and particularly HDL2, and apo A1 levels are lower, apo A2 being reduced to a lesser degree. This sex-related difference appears progressively during puberty. There is increasing elevation of LDL cholesterol, apo B, and VLDL TG in women at the menopause, HDL cholesterol levels either diminishing or remaining constant. These differences in lipoprotein and apoprotein concentrations probably play a major role in protecting women against atherosclerosis development during the period of gonadal activity. Similar differences are provoked by exogenous hormone activity: the androgens increase LDL cholesterol and reduce HDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol is therefore only slightly altered. Estrogens provoke elevation of VLDL TG only at supraphysiological doses of the order of 30-50 mcg ethinyl estradiol. In contrast, reductions in LDL cholesterol and increases in HDL cholesterol occur even after low physiological doses of estrogens. This latter increase is dose-related and can be as high as 20%. The action of progestogens is less clearly defined and depends on the molecule administered, the dosage, and its possible androgenic action. When the latter activity is marked, lipoprotein and apoprotein variations are similar to those resulting from testosterone effects. The influence of sex hormones on the course of idiopathic hyperlipidemias varies. They may have a beneficial effect, but this is a fairly rare event and occurs only in very precise situations: improvement of type 3 hyperlipidemia by low dose estrogen therapy; improvement of moderate isolated hypercholesterolemia in menopausal women with low doses of estrogens, and improvement of type 5 mixed hypertriglyceridemia by certain progestogens such as oxandrolone. They usually produce the opposite effect, however, with marked increases of type 1, 4, and 5 hyperlipidemia under estrogens, sometimes leading to attacks of pancreatitis and elevation of preexisting hypercholesterolemias or mixed hyperlipidemias resulting in vascular accidents due to thrombosis. (author's modified)
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PMID:[Sex hormones and metabolism of lipoproteins]. 634 27

The interaction of ethanol with lipid metabolism is complex. When ethanol is present, it becomes a preferred fuel for the liver and displaces fat as a source of energy. This favors fat accumulation. In addition, the altered redox state secondary to the oxidation of ethanol promotes lipogenesis, for instance, through enhanced formation of acylglycerols. The depressed oxidative capacity of the mitochondria injured by chronic alcohol feeding also contributes to the development of the fatty liver. Accumulation of fat acts as a stimulus for the secretion of lipoproteins and the development of hyperlipemia. Hyperlipemia may also be facilitated by the proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum after chronic ethanol consumption and the associated increase of enzymes involved in the production of triglycerides and lipoproteins. The propensity to enhance lipoprotein secretion is offset, at least in part, by a decrease in microtubules and an impairment of the secretory capacity of the liver. The level of blood lipids depends on the balance between these two opposite changes: At the early stage of alcohol abuse, when liver damage is still small, hyperlipemia will prevail, whereas the opposite occurs with severe liver injury. When hyperlipemia occurs, it involves all lipoprotein classes, including high density lipoprotein (HDL). The latter have been suggested to be responsible for the lower incidence of coronary complications of moderate drinkers compared to teetotalers, but in fact, the subtype of HDL involved (HDL3) differs from the HDL2 subtype associated with protection.
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PMID:Ethanol and lipids. 638 65

Triglyceridemic response to a standard oral fat meal was determined in 28 healthy subjects and related to the levels of several lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in the post-absorptive plasma. A fatty test meal was administered orally, and postprandial plasma triglyceride levels were determined. In the fasting blood samples, concentrations of apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, and B were determined by radioimmunoassay, and those of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions HDL2 and HDL3, by zonal ultracentrifugation. The magnitude of triglyceridemic response showed a negative correlation with the plasma levels of HDL2 (r = -0.860, P less than 0.001), HDL-associated cholesterol (r = -0.605, P less than 0.001), and apoA-I (r = -0.459, P less than 0.02). No correlation was found between the triglyceridemic response and the levels of total cholesterol, HDL3, and apoA-II. Triglyceridemic response was correlated positively with fasting triglyceride concentrations (r = 0.450, P less than 0.02) and apoB levels (r = 0.396, P less than 0.03). In two subjects followed for 3 yr, when HDL2 levels rose or fell, the triglyceridemic response decreased or increased, respectively (r = -0.944; r = -0.863). Our data indicate that normolipidemic individuals with high HDL2 levels in the plasma are able to clear alimentary fat at a faster rate than normolipidemic subjects with low HDL2 levels. The pronounced difference in severity and duration of postprandial lipemia among subjects with varying HDL2 levels may help to explain the negative correlation between the risk of atherosclerosis and HDL cholesterol levels.
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PMID:Inverse relationship between blood levels of high density lipoprotein subfraction 2 and magnitude of postprandial lipemia. 640 80

The aim of the study was to investigate the atherosclerosis risk factors related to hyperlipidemia in renal transplanted children. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins (Apo) AI, AII and B, and the major lipoprotein classes separated by gradient ultracentrifugation were compared in 30 renal transplanted patients and 14 healthy children. Hyperlipidemia was present in 66% of the transplanted children. 'Positive' risk factors for atherosclerosis (high plasma cholesterol and Apo B) were present in hypercholesterolemic and combined hyperlipidemic subgroups. All transplanted children, whether normo- or hyperlipidemic, presented essentially 'negative' risk factors for atherosclerosis, i.e. significantly higher levels of Apo AI and AII in plasma and in high-density lipoprotein HDL2 and higher Apo AI/Apo B and/or Apo AII/B ratios. Repeated evaluations (over a 12-month period) in transplanted children indicated relatively frequent individual changes in the lipid pattern, but not in Apo AI and AII content. These results suggest that the risks for accelerated atherosclerosis related to hyperlipidemia may be considered as moderate in transplanted children.
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PMID:Plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins AI, AII, and B in renal transplanted children: what risk for accelerated atherosclerosis? 643 14

Chronic renal disease with secondary hyperlipidemia is highly atherogenic. In uremia and patients on chronic hemodialysis there is a high incidence of atherosclerotic complications whereas the incidence of atherosclerotic disease is relatively low in the nephrotic syndrome. This is surprising, as nephrosis produces type-II hyperlipidemia, which is usually highly atherogenic. In this study 10 patients (5 male, 5 female) with a newly diagnosed nephrotic syndrome were compared to 10 controls (5 male, 5 female). As laboratory parameters, lipids, lipoproteins (VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3 by rate zonal centrifugation) and the percentage composition of the major apolipoproteins in VLDL, HDL2 and HDL3, as well as lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HTGL) and lecithin-cholesterol-acyl-transferase (LCAT) were measured. In nephrotic patients significantly higher plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, VLDL, IDL and LDL were found, whereas HDL-chol, HDL2 and HDL3 were unchanged. LPL and HTGL were both significantly impaired, whereas LCAT was distinctly increased. The percentage composition of apolipoproteins in HDL2 and HDL3 was normal. In nephrotic VLDL, apo-AI was distinctly increased at the expense of a decrease in apo-CII, and increased LCAT was explained by the relative rise of apo-AI in nephrotic VLDL. The increase in apo-AI in VLDL is discussed as a possible reason for the low atherogenic risk of secondary hyperlipidemia in nephrotic syndrome.
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PMID:[Lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic triglyceride lipase and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in patients with nephrotic syndrome]. 661 72

To augment the effectiveness of conventional lipid-lowering treatment, a diet has been evolved combining modified fat content with an increase in vegetable-derived fibre and protein. This was evaluated in 37 hyperlipidaemic and normal ambulant subjects in whom plasma lipid and lipoprotein responses were measured for 4.7-11 months. Mean reductions in plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 22, 24 and 25% respectively; there was no significant change in the cholesterol concentrations in high density lipoprotein or in its HDL2 subclass. The effectiveness of the diet in reducing hyperlipidaemia, its influence in optimizing the distribution of cholesterol between plasma lipoprotein classes, and its nutrient composition suggest that it is an advance on existing lipid-lowering dietary patterns.
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PMID:A multifactorial diet in the management of hyperlipidaemia. 669 85

Following ingestion of a fatty meal there is an increase in concentration of phospholipids and proteins in the plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL). To evaluate the resulting changes in HDL subclasses, the plasma HDL of six subjects were analyzed 4 to 8 h after ingestion of 100 ml of corn oil or 80 ml of corn oil with four eggs. Isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation of fasting plasma showed two broad components of HDL: a major peak of density (d) 1.11 to 1.17 g/ml (HDL3) and a smaller peak of d 1.07 to 1.11 g/ml (HDL2). Following ingestion of either type of fatty meal, there was an increase in lipoprotein mass in both peaks of HDL and their centers of mass were shifted to lower density (1.140 leads to 1.120 to 1.130 g/ml; 1.095 leads to 1.090 g/ml). Calculation of changes in HDL concentration (lipemic minus fasting) showed that the alterations in density gradient profile were due to a major increase in lipoproteins of d 1.102 to 1.137 g/ml, a smaller increase in a separate lipoprotein peak of 1.080 to 1.102 g/ml, and a small decrease in lipoproteins of d 1.137 to 1.165 g/ml. Redistribution of HDL mass into larger, less dense lipoproteins was also demonstrated by agarose gel chromatography or by minimal spin density gradient ultracentrifugation in a vertical rotor. The increase in mass of 1.080 to 1.102 lipoproteins was largely due to increased concentrations of phospholipid, cholesterol ester, and apoA-I, while the increase in 1.102 to 1.137 lipoproteins was due to increased concentrations of apoA-I, apoA-II, phospholipids, cholesterol, and cholesterol esters. Analytical ultracentrifugation of representative samples within these density intervals showed lipoprotein species with molecular weights and sedimentation coefficients, respectively, of 378,000, 5.8 (d 1.080 to 1.095); 248,000, 3.5 (d 1.110 to 1.120); and 173,000, 1.6 (d 1.135 to 1.150). Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis showed that the 1.080 to 1.102 lipoproteins contained a single lipoprotein band of diameter approximately 10.7 nm; the 1.102 to 1.137 lipoproteins contained a single band which varied in size fro 10.0 to 9.2 nm: and the 1.137 to 1.165 lipoproteins contained three species of diameters approximately 9.2, 8.8, and 8.2 nm. Within density intervals, the molecular weights, sedimentation coefficients, and diameters of the different lipoproteins were similar in fasting and lipemic plasma. Calculation of average molecular compositions shows that the major incremental HDL of d approximately 1.12 g/ml could be derived by addition of lipids to the largest species of fasting HDL3. Within density intervals, the particle contents of apoA-I and apoA-II were unchanged during lipemia, suggesting that apoprotein transfer causes interconversion of existing HDL species or formation of new particles with the same content of apoA-I and apoA-II as existing species.
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PMID:Changes in the distribution and composition of plasma high density lipoproteins after ingestion of fat. 679 85

An HPLC method [J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 91:1381, 1982] was used for evaluating serum lipoproteins, with on-line monitoring of either cholesterol or phospholipids. Five well-distinguished lipoprotein fractions were observed, based on their particle sizes. Serum of 15 normal persons, 12 subjects with various types of hyperlipidemia, 20 patients with various liver diseases, and two cases of familial LCAT deficiency were examined and the results compared with those by a sequential ultracentrifugal floatation technique. In the normal group, the amounts of fractions 2, 3, and 4 by the HPLC method correlated well with concentrations of the LDL, HDL2, and HDL3 fractions as measured by the ultracentrifugal method, respectively. In the hyperlipidemic group, similar good correlations were observed between fractions 1, 2, 3, 4 and chylomicrons + VLDL, LDL, HDL2, and HDL3 fractions, respectively. For those with liver diseases or LCAT deficiency, the corresponding fractions correlated less well, and characteristically the elution profile of lipoproteins in these groups showed heterogeneity of particle size within each lipoprotein density class, especially in LDL and HDL2.
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PMID:Serum lipoprotein measurement--liquid chromatography and sequential floatation (ultracentrifugation) compared. 683 51


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