Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several studies have reported that moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is related to an increased risk for atherosclerosis, but few data are available with regard to any other thiol compound having a potential vascular toxicity. Therefore, we measured both total cysteine and homocysteine plasma levels in patients with hyperlipidemia (242 males and 147 females, 41-65 years old). Homocysteine was higher in males than in females, 13.2+/-4.1 versus 11.1+/-3.4 micromol/l (P<0.0001). The mean cysteine level was 243.3+/-45.7 micromol/l in the whole study population. The subjects were split in two groups, symptomatic patients with cardiovascular disease (n = 106) and asymptomatic subjects (n = 283). Blood pressure, smoking status, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides did not statistically differ between groups, but the mean HDL-cholesterol level was lower in symptomatic patients (1.24+/-0.38 versus 1.42+/-0.41, P<0.0001). Cysteine levels were higher in patients with cardiovascular disease than in asymptomatic patients, respectively 254.7+/-47.7 versus 239.1+/-44.3 micromol/l (P = 0.003). A similar result was found for homocysteine, respectively 13.1+/-4.3 versus 12.2+/-3.9 micromol/l (P = 0.05). To analyse whether cysteine levels were related to atherosclerosis independently of age, adjusted levels were compared between asymptomatic patients with normal carotid arteries (n = 176), carotid atherosclerosis (n = 107) and symptomatic patients (n = 106). Age adjusted cysteine levels differed significantly between groups (P = 0.027) while the P-value was of borderline significance for homocysteine (P = 0.09). Odds ratios for having symptomatic cardiovascular disease were 1.81 (95% CI, 1.02-3.21) and 2.05 (95% CI, 1.16-3.60) for the mid and highest tertiles of cysteine using the lowest as the reference. After adjustment in a multivariate model including age, sex, and creatinine, the odds ratio for disease remained significant between the highest tertile versus the lowest (OR = 1.89). Adjusted odds ratios were found to be weaker when homocysteine tertiles were compared. Our data suggest that plasma total cysteine is a risk factor for atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic patients.
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PMID:Cysteine is a cardiovascular risk factor in hyperlipidemic patients. 1048 86

We reviewed 12 patients from 11 Japanese families diagnosed as having CADASIL from 1998 to 2001. The age of onset of focal neurologic deficits ranged from 38 to 71 years (mean: 50.4 +/- 9.8 years). Japanese CADASIL patients rarely had migraine and frequently presented with symptoms of dementia at diagnosis. Notch3 mutations were concentrated in exons 3, 4, and 5. Cysteine was replaced by another amino acid or vice versa in the majority of Japanese CADASIL patients. However, in 2 families, the mutations were not related to cysteine. In the prospective study, 2030 patients with stroke were hospitalized in 6 hospitals with stroke units in the Kumamoto district from 1999 to 2001. Among them, 14 patients fulfilled the criteria of being less than 60 years of age, showing lacunar strokes and/or TIA, presence of a family history, and no risk factors of stroke. One of these 14 patients was diagnosed as having CADASIL by DNA analysis. However, if hyperlipidemia was excluded from the list, 16 patients fulfilled the criteria and 2 patients were diagnosed as having CADASIL by DNA analysis. It was suspected that the incidence of CADASIL is not so rare in Japan. There were some families with CADASIL-like features, but without Notch3 mutations or GOM, suggesting the need for genetic analysis in the future.
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PMID:Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and CADASIL-like disorders in Japan. 1248 Jul 61