Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many specific plasma proteins show dose-related changes when oral estrogens are administered. Large increases in concentration are seen in many important binding proteins, such as the sex hormone-binding globulin, transcortin, the retinol-binding protein, ceruloplasmin, and transferrin. A smaller group of plasma proteins are reduced in amount. These changes are related to altered rates of hepatic synthesis and secretion. As the overall effect of estrogen is one of increased protein synthesis, there is a reduction in the amount of plasma-free amino acids and in the pattern of distribution. Oral contraceptive (OC) users frequently show significant alterations in biochemical tests of vitamin status, at least some of which are related to alterations in plasma proteins. Other biochemical changes associated with OC use include a fasting hyperlipidemia, due mainly to increases in triglycerides, although there is often also a small increase in cholesterol. These changes are due primarily to increases in several lipoprotein fractions and are related mainly to the estrogen component. A deterioration in glucose tolerance occurs in many OC users and is probably induced by both estrogens and progestogens. There is evidence that certain clinical side effects of OCs, such as depression, are associated with specific biochemical changes.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical basis for the selection of oral contraceptives. 3 19

Starting from previous observations emphasizing an increased pseudocholinesterase (PCE) activity in obese and hyperlipemic subjects, the behaviour of this enzyme and of ceruloplasmin was studied in connection with changes of serum lipids and lipoproteins in various types of hyperlipoproteinemia. When compared to values detected in 67 middle-aged normal weight normolipemic subjects, PCE activity was found to be significantly greater (smaller than 0.001) in the 49 overweight subjects without obvious hyperlipemia but presenting a moderate increase of the prebeta electrophoretic fraction. PCE activity was much higher in lean or overweight subjects with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (68 patients with type IV and 86 patients with mixed hyperlipemia). The slight increase of mean values of PCE activity in the 53 subjects with type II-a was due mainly to overweight subjects, while this enzyme's activity was not significantly changed in lean subjects with pure hypercholesterolemia. PCE activity was positively correlated with serum triglyceride (r equals 0.540; p smaller than 0.001) and the prebeta electrophoretic fraction (r equals 610; p smaller than 0.001). The correlation with beta-lipoproteins was not significant. Ceruloplasmin levels were not significantly changed. It is suggested that elevation of PCE activity could be connected to mechanisms leading to an increased secretion rate of lipoproteins.
 ...
PMID:Serum pseudocholinesterase and ceruloplasmin in various types of hyperlipoproteinemia. 16 6

We developed a direct, simple, and sensitive procedure for the simultaneous colorimetric assay of iron and copper in serum, using sodium dodecyl sulfate-ascorbic acid to dissociate iron and copper from transferrin and ceruloplasmin, respectively. We also use a new water-soluble reagent, 2-(5-nitro-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamino)phenol disodium salt (nitro-PAPS) and thioglycolic acid to eliminate interference from copper in the measurement of iron. Within- and between-run precisions of the present method were 2.5-2.8% for iron and 1.8-4.6% for copper. The proposed method is susceptible to interference by hemoglobin and lipemia, especially for the iron assay. Linear-regression analyses of results of the proposed method with those of the bathophenanthroline method for iron and of the atomic absorption spectroscopic method for copper correlated well (r = 0.996, Sy/x = 0.73 and r = 0.959, Sy/x = 1.11, respectively).
 ...
PMID:Sensitive, direct procedures for simultaneous determinations of iron and copper in serum, with use of 2-(5-nitro-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamino)phenol (nitro-PAPS) as ligand. 162 8

Of eight methods examined for measuring plasma hemoglobin in micromolar concentration, all exhibited acceptable linearity, reproducibility, and concurrence except when specimens were icteric or lipemic or contained methemoglobin or methemalbumin. Measurement of absorbance at 578 nm with an Allen correction permits precise assay of plasma oxyhemoglobin concentration as low as 0.01 g/L (1 mg/dL, 0.16 mumol/L), unaffected by hyperlipidemia or hyperbilirubinemia. Discrepancies between methods occurred in 11.6% of a consecutive series of 50 nonicteric patients' plasma specimens. Examination of absorption spectra is helpful when discrepancies are observed between methods. The presence of methemalbumin or methemoglobin in plasma is not recognized by methods that measure only oxyhemoglobin. Increased ceruloplasmin or beta-carotene does not significantly affect results.
 ...
PMID:Methods for measuring plasma hemoglobin in micromolar concentration compared. 837 97

This study was designed to monitor the metabolic differences after feeding starch, galactose and fructose diets with adequate or marginal copper levels to normal male rats over a period of 9-21 months. Two hundred and forty-five weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 50-60 g were randomly divided into one of the eight dietary groups. All diets were either Cu marginal (1.5 &mgr;g/g diet) or adequate (5-6 &mgr;g/g) with 627 carbohydrate (g/kg diet) as starch; 500 galactose and 127 starch; 500 fructose and 127 starch; or 400 galactose and 227 fructose. Glycated hemoglobin, ceruloplasmin oxidase activity, hematocrit, and plasma glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured in 72 rats after nine months. Galactose-fed rats had the lowest (P < 0.0001) body weights. Severe mortality rates were found in galactose-fructose-marginal Cu-fed rats. Marginal Cu deficiency significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced hepatic copper and increased hepatic Fe in all carbohydrate groups. Ceruloplasmin activity of the rats fed the marginal Cu and fructose-containing diets declined to undetectable levels and plasma cholesterol levels increased. Glycated hemoglobin was significantly (P < 0.001) increased in the galactose-fed rats compared to fructose or starch-fed rats regardless of dietary copper concentration. The data suggest that dietary galactose and fructose exacerbate effects of long term marginal Cu intake including hypertrophy of liver, heart and kidney, hyperlipidemia, and increased mortality.
 ...
PMID:Effects of dietary galactose and fructose on rats fed diets marginal or adequate in copper for 9-21 months. 1144 91

Changes in serum protein levels are produced by oral contraceptives. They reflect hepatic synthesis of proteins. Changes range from a 40% decrease in orosomucoid to an 180% increase in ceruloplasmin. Alterations in the concentration of some globulin proteins lead to altered serum levels of some hormones and trace metals. Plasma levels of cortisol and thyroxine are most affected. An estrogen-induced increase in thyroxine-binding globulin causes a transient reduction in free thyroxine (T4). This results in a compensatory increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone. The net effect is an unchanged concentration of T4 and the patient may be reported as euthyr id. Increases in renin substrate with rise in renin activity, angiotensin 2, and aldosterone, may be related to the development of hypertension in some women. Oral contraceptives may cause significant increases in some lipids. Elevations in cholesterol and nonesterified fatty acids are less changed. The drug-induced changes can complicate a definite diagnosis of hyperlipidemia. The glucose tolerance curve in users of oral contraceptives may simulate the diabetic type. Hepatic function tests may suggest hepatic damage. There is a higher incidence of cholecystitis and gallstones in women using oral contraceptives. Blood coagulation tests may be modified. Drug interference from oral contraceptive use must be considered in interpreting laboratory reports.
 ...
PMID:Drug interference with laboratory tests: oral contraceptives. 1226 Jan 55

The aim of this study was to evaluate lipid peroxidation status and anti-oxidant defenses in chronic hemodialysis patients comparison with healthy persons (control group). Forty-six hemodialysis patients were included in the study group and 66 healthy persons in control group. We determined the plasma levels of malondialdehyde as s biomarker of oxidative stress and the concentration of ceruloplasmin and activity catalase as antioxidant defenses. Our investigation indicate that the concentration of malondialdehyde increased 1.7 times in hemodialysis patients and activity of catalase decreased in 56.2% cases. Hyperlipidemia was evaluated in 20% of patients and hypoalbuminaemia in 6.6%. Most of these patients (48.8%) were found to have a history of occlusive vascular artery disease either coronary (17.7%), cerebral (11.1%) or peripheral (15.5%) occlusive disease. In conclusion these results suggest that intensity of lipid peroxidation and decreased plasma antioxidant potential in association with hyperlipidemia and hypoalbuminaemia may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
 ...
PMID:[A study of oxidative stress markers and antioxidant system activity in the serum of hemodialysis patients]. 1276 32

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects that hemolysis, lipemia, bilirubinemia, and anticoagulants might have on the most commonly used assays for C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A, and determination of ceruloplasmin values in dogs. Solutions of hemoglobin, lipid, and bilirubin were added to serum aliquots. Additionally, serum and plasma samples with different anticoagulants (heparin, EDTA, and citrate) were obtained from healthy dogs. Hemolysis, lipemia, and hyperbilirubinemia interfered significantly with the C-reactive protein and ceruloplasmin results, but not with those for the serum amyloid A assay. The use of anticoagulants produced significant changes in the results for the assays tested. However, the magnitude of the differences caused by the interfering substances does not appear to have an important impact on the clinical interpretation of the tests.
 ...
PMID:Effects of hemolysis, lipemia, hyperbilirrubinemia, and anticoagulants in canine C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and ceruloplasmin assays. 1615 18

Fifty-eight healthy progeny (mean age +/- SD 13.9 +/- 7.9 years) of 39 families with a positive history for cardiovascular diseases ([CVD] n = 44) or hyperlipidemia (n = 14) were included in the study and were compared with 30 age-matched control participants, with a negative family history, to evaluate lipid profile, ceruloplasmin (Cp), and lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde [MDA]) levels, as well as in vitro copper-induced Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidizability. Mean serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B-100, and MDA of the participants were significantly higher than those of the controls. Lag time, an LDL resistance oxidation marker, was lower in the study group and negatively correlated with LDL-C (r = -.437, P < .05) and Cp (r = -.272, P < .05) serum levels. In conclusion, progeny with a positive family history for CVD or hyperlipidemia have an atherogenic lipid profile and increased LDL susceptibility to oxidation. High Cp levels seem to be related to lower resistance of LDL to oxidation.
 ...
PMID:Lipid profile, low-density lipoprotein oxidation and ceruloplasmin in the progeny of families with a positive history of cardiovascular diseases and/or hyperlipidemia. 1964 44

Even though the role of all-trans lycopene from tomato in controlling atherosclerosis was reported, but no report is available on the cis-isomer of lycopene obtained from an easily available source green algae Chlorella marina. So in this study, Sprague Dawley rats fed with high-cholesterol diet were given standard drug lovastatin; algal lycopene (AL) (cis/all-trans 40:60) and tomato all-trans lycopene (TL) and the following parameters were studied. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides were decreased significantly and the high-density lipoprotein levels were increased on treatment with AL. The activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were found to be increased, whereas thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were decreased in AL when compared to the drug and TL-treated rats. The activities of inflammatory marker enzymes like cyclooxygenase, 15-lipoxygenase in monocytes and myeloperoxidase, C-reactive protein and ceruloplasmin levels in serum were found to be decreased on treatment with AL. Histopathological studies revealed that lycopene from this alga could reduce fatty liver and aortic plaque when compared to the drug and TL. Algal lycopene showed very significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in high-cholesterol fed rats. Therefore, AL from C. marina would be recommended for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
...
PMID:Effect of lycopene from Chlorella marina on high cholesterol-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in rats. 2388 96


1