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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Repeatedly-bred, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats which develop hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis spontaneously were killed at sequential time intervals, i.e., when the females had completed 1, 2, 3 and 4 pregnancies. The control breeders received no treatment; the experimental animals were given 113 mg of clofibrate/100 g of b.w., subcutaneously, daily, 5 times per week. Clofibrate-treated breeders manifested reduction in blood pressure and in the incidence and severity of arterial disease characteristic of repeatedly-bred rats. The aortic lesions of the clofibrate-treated breeders showed attenuation of the usual severe ground substance alterations, the degenerative changes in connective tissue elements, e.g., fibrosis and elastosis, and absence of calcification and cartilaginous metaplasia. Clofibrate-treated breeders did not show any unusual elevation in serum enzymes, e.g., CPK, SGOT, SGPT and LDH, or significant reduction of their hyperlipidemia. They manifested a definite reduction in adrenocortical and medullary histopathology and their circulating corticosterone levels were subnormal compared to non-treated breeders. It is suggested that the protective effect of clofibrate was mediated through its ability to block normal adrenal steroidogenic pathways rather than through its antilipemic action.
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PMID:Clofibrate retardation of naturally-occurring arteriosclerosis in repeatedly-bred male and female rats. 66 83

A single s.c. injection (10 mg/100 g bw of alloxan) was given to nonarteriosclerotic, virgin, Sprague--Dawley rats and to breeder rats with preexisting arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. All of the animals promptly developed severe diabetes with ketosis, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. Insulin therapy was deliberately withheld. Mortality was high. Seven days later one group was subjected to hypophysectomy and 30 days later, all of the animals were autopsied. The diabetes + hypophysectomy animals maintained their body weight better, did not have hypertrophied adrenal glands, showed the least elevation of serum enzymes, e.g., CPK, SGOT, SGPT and LDH, less hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia and reduced corticosterone production than the animals with untreated severe diabetes. Despite the relative amelioration of metabolic derangements prognostic of cardiovascular degenerative changes, the diabetes + hypophysectomy animals manifested extensive renovascular damage and the breeder rats with pre-existing arteriosclerosis showed definite exacerbation of their arterial disease in response to the severe alloxan diabetes regardless of hypophysectomy. It is suggested that although hypophysectomy may alleviate certain metabolic derangements attributed to growth hormone, ACTH and adrenal steroids, the angiopathic damage proceeds inexorably.
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PMID:Effects of hypophysectomy on alloxan-diabetic, arteriosclerotic, breeder vs. non-arteriosclerotic, virgin rats. 98 94

There is current debate as to whether or not the hyperlipidaemia seen in patients (1) with chronic renal insufficiency, (2) on regular dialysis treatment and (3) after successful renal transplantation should be specifically treated. The reduced HDL cholesterol fraction suggests that the risk of cardiovascular complications may be increased. Therapeutic possibilities include increased physical exercise and a reduction of carbohydrate intake. If these measures fail, then treatment with clofibrate or bezafibrate should be considered. The recommended dosage of clofibrate is 1.0-1.5 g/week (with CPK-control), and of bezafibrate is 400-500 mg/week in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (creatinin-clearance below 20 ml/min). In patients on regular dialysis treatment plasma lipids are reduced by adding carnitine. Most investigators believe that a specific therapy of the hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia of patients with nephrotic syndrome is not necessary since the disturbances in fat metabolism are associated with an increased levels of HDL-cholesterol. With remission of the nephrotic syndrome an improvement of the hyperlipoproteinaemia is observed. If patients with acute renal failure are under parenteral nutrition fat infusion is recommended once per week to avoid a deficiency of essential fatty acids which is augmented by daily dialysis therapy.
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PMID:[Fat and renal failure--therapeutic aspects]. 713 29

Virgin and breeder, spontaneously hypertensive and stroke prone rats (SHR/SP) were observed from weaning until 130 +/- 10 days of age. Blood pressure rose rapidly, reaching 230--240 mm Hg. After the birth of the second litter of pups, male and female breeders began to die suddenly, due to myocardial necrosis and congestive heart failure. At autopsy, the brains of virgin and breeder SHR/SP were swollen but were free of any pathologic changes. There were no significant alterations in the blood chemistry of virgin rats but breeder SHR/SP had super-normal enzyme levels, CPK, SGOT, SGPT and LDH, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypersecretion of corticosterone. Breeder SHR/SP developed PAN-like lesions of the mesenteric arcades and adrenal cortex along with severe fibrino-hyalin lesions of the testicular and ovarian arteries. It is suggested that alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function associated with the reproductive effort conditioned these SHR/SP to develop myocardial necrosis rather than stroke and the development of unusual hypertensive arteriopathy.
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PMID:Myocardial necrosis induced by breeding in stroke-prone/SHR. 721 76

A genetic variant of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been produced which becomes markedly obese as well as hypertensive, i.e. Obese/SHR weigh 800 g as against 300 g for non-obese cohorts. Serum enzymes (CPK, SGOT, SGPT and LDH) are frequently abnormally elevated, concomitantly with a high incidence of myocardial necrosis. Obese/SHR are hyperlipidaemic with severe fatty infiltration of the liver; they are hyperglycaemic with enormous islets of Langerhans and extensive beta-cell degranulation; despite elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, they manifest little or no renal damage. Measurement of corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and aldosterone in Obese/SHR demonstrate marked hyper-responsiveness to moderate stress. Circulating prolactin levels are lower in Obese and non-obese/SHR compared to SHR, but Obese/SHR manifest unusually high increases incirculating prolactin levels in response to stress. Obese/SHR are hyperinsulinaemic and have subnormal growth-hormone levels. Desite mild hypertension, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, Obese/SHR show no evidence of atheromatous change but do develop early polyarteritis nodosa. It is believed that the genetically programmed hypertension and hyperglycaemia is mediated by increased DOC, aldosterone and corticosterone production respectively, and that the obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in Obese/SHR may be likened to human Cushing's disease.
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PMID:Pathophysiological differences between obese and non-obese spontaneously hypertensive rats. 742 76

We analyzed retrospectively the clinical course and prognosis of 565 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 117 of them with a previous history of diabetes mellitus. Male/female ration was 7.9/2.1 in non diabetics and 7.0/3.0 in diabetics (p < 0.03). Incidence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was higher in diabetic patients as well as history of congestive heart failure (13.7% vs 6.5 in non diabetics p < 0.01). The type and location of AMI did not differ among groups, however the incidence of congestive heart failure Killip class III-IV was higher in diabetic patients (31.6 vs 21.2%). Peak CPK values were lower in diabetics (1.270 +/- 1.179 vs 1.648 +/- 1.377 U/l p < 0.01). Cardiac mortality was higher one month and one year after AMI in diabetics (17.1 vs 13.6% and 21.4 vs 17.8% respectively, p < 0.01). Univeriate and multivariate analysis identified new bundle branch block, heart failure and advanced age as independent predictors of mortality in both groups of patients. It is concluded that the worst prognosis of diabetic patients with AMI may be related to a previously depressed ventricular function and that appropriate metabolic control and treatment of associated risk factors, could improve the prognosis of diabetics patients with AMI.
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PMID:[Characteristics of acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus]. 827

Hyperlipidaemia of 18 male and 20 female patients following successful renal transplantation was treated with daily 20 mg fluvastatin (Lescol) for 12 weeks. The patients were several months after transplantation, and their total cholesterol levels exceeded 6.5 mmol/l following an 8-week diet. The effect of fluvastatin on the levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, Apo A1 and Apo B, as well as of lipoprotein(a) was examined. Furthermore, changes of the renal function (GFR-urea, creatinine, uric acid) and hepatic function (bilirubin, GOT, GPT, CPK, ALP) were followed up, together with the body weight and blood pressure. The results of the examinations are summarized as follows: Fluvastatin may be administered effectively and without side effects in a daily dose of 20 mg in appropriately selected renal transplant patients. The average total cholesterol values, which were 7.91 mmol/l in men and 7.78 mmol/l in women following the diet, were reduced by 22-25% (p < 0.001) after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively, of fluvastatin treatment. The levels of LDL also decreased significantly (p < 0.001): in response to a 20 mg evening dosage, reduction of more than 25% was observed in 78% of men and 65% of women. Reductions of the Apo B levels were more pronounced in the females (18.3% men vs. 21.2% women). The ratio C/HDL-C decreased both in men (from 5.49 to 4.19) and in women (from 4.83 to 4.02). The ratio Apo B/Apo A1 also decreased (men: from 0.86 to 0.73, women: from 0.73 to 0.66). The concentrations of HDL and Apo A1 did not increase significantly, the reductions in the levels of triglyceride and lipoprotein(a) were not considerable either. An increase in the levels of hepatic enzymes and CPK was not encountered during the administration of fluvastatin. In two patients the levels of serum bilirubin increased by 2-4 micromol/l. Three patients complained about temporary myalgias of the sacroiliac or lumbar region which, however, were not accompanied by elevated CPK levels. The monitored levels of cyclosporine, urea and creatinine did not increase significantly during the 12 weeks of treatment. Two patients had temporary gastric complaints.
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PMID:Fluvastatin (Lescol) treatment of hyperlipidaemia in patients with renal transplants. 920 45

Despite the availability of various lipid lowering drugs, the treatment of hyperlipidemia, one of the most important risk factors for morbidity and mortality after organ transplantation, remains a therapeutic challenge. We investigated the safety and efficacy of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, in renal transplant patients whose serum lipids were insufficiently controlled by diet and treatment with other lipid lowering drugs. Twenty-four patients (14 males/10 females; mean age 51.2 +/- 2.3 years) were converted to low dose atorvastatin (10 mg/day) at a mean of 67.7 +/- 8.6 months after renal transplantation and prospectively followed for 3 months after initiation of the study drug. HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol, triglycerides, serum creatinine and CPK levels were evaluated pre (-3, -1, 0 months) and post conversion (+1, +3 months). In the eighteen patients who completed the study, low dose atorvastatin therapy led to a significant reduction in total cholesterol (304.6 +/- 13.2 vs. 247.6 +/- 12.0 mg/dl; p = 0.007) and LDL cholesterol (191.9 +/- 9.0 vs. 141.8 +/- 14.7 mg/dl; p < 0.0001) and a modest reduction in serum triglyceride levels at three months after conversion. We conclude that low dose atorvastatin (10 mg/day) can be successfully used and appears to be safe in the treatment of posttransplant hyperlipidemia. Its long-term effects on patient morbidity and mortality as well as graft survival should be investigated in larger and more prolonged prospective trials.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of atorvastatin in the treatment of hyperlipidemia after renal transplantation. 1084 41

Persistent nephrotic syndrome is frequently accompanied by severe hyperlipidemia, and this may pose a substantial risk for cardiovascular disease. Lipid-lowering drugs are prescribed by many nephrologists for adult patients but rarely for nephrotic children. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of gemfibrozil in nephrotic children. Eight girls and four boys aged from 5 to 17 years were enrolled in this study. They were all steroid and immunosuppressive resistant patients with nephrotic range proteinuria. Placebo was administered to five patients and gemfibrozil was administered to seven patients for four months. Blood samples were taken for the determination of cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), BUN, serum creatinine (Scr), ALT, AST, CPK, apolipoprotein A (apo A), apoliporotein B (apo B), and serum albumin levels during the initial and subsequent examinations. At the end of the fourth month, gemfibrozil reduced total cholesterol by 34%, LDL by 30%, apo B by 21% and triglycerides by 53% (p < 0.05). HDL cholesterol and apo A levels were not significantly altered. Renal function and urine protein excretion were not affected by gemfibrozil. In this study gemfibrozil therapy had no side effects and had favorable effects on the lipoprotein profile of nephrotic patients.
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PMID:The effects of gemfibrozil on hyperlipidemia in children with persistent nephrotic syndrome. 1185 78

The aim of the study was to explore the feasibility of same-day outpatient stent placement using a short course of intravenous antiplatelet therapy. Patients (n = 26) had stent placement and 6 hr of eptifibatide therapy. Demographics, procedural information, CPK data, and length of stay were recorded along with postdischarge outcomes. Twenty-one men and five women with median age of 60 years (49, 69) underwent transradial stenting. Baseline characteristics included diabetes 62%, hyperlipidemia 77%, prior coronary bypass surgery 19%, and unstable angina 35%. There were no CPK elevations (> 2 x normal) or ECG changes. Discharge occurred after 6.5 hr (5.8, 7.0). Neither vascular site complications nor readmission for procedure-related problems occurred. One patient later expressed concerns about discharge education. Outpatient stent placement with 6-hr infusion of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor appears feasible and efficient in select patients. There may be challenges to meet with regard to patient education. Further studies with larger populations are needed to evaluate and optimize this approach.
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PMID:Same-day transradial outpatient stenting with a 6-hr course of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade: a feasibility study. 1197 25


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