Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report an 11 month-old infant with severe hypercalcemia associated with hyperlipidemia following bolus vitamin D administration. At the time of admission, serum concentration of calcium was 5.5 mmol/l (22 mg/dl); total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride levels were respectively: 6.37 mmol/l (246 mg/dl), 0.77 mmol/l (30 mg/dl), 1.37 mmol/l (54 mg/dl), 4.1 mmol/l (162 mg/dl), 3 mmol/l (271 mg/dl). Physical examination revealed dehydration and irritability that was inappropriately mild according to the serum calcium level. On the 16th day of therapy that consisted of intravenous fluids with furosemide (sodium diuresis), steroid, calcitonin, magnesium sulfate, and phosphorus, serum calcium level declined below 3 mmol/l (12 mg/dl). The hyperlipidemia resolved gradually with a concomitant decline in serum calcium. This report is interesting in that hypercalcemia was associated with transient hyperlipidemia that disappeared with normocalcemia, which might suggest protection against hypercalcemic symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Severe hypercalcemia of an infant due to vitamin D toxicity associated with hypercholesterolemia. 1151 34

The prognosis of patients suffering from severe hyperlipidemia, sometimes combined with elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) levels, and coronary heart disease (CHD) refractory to diet and lipid-lowering drugs is poor. For such patients, regular treatment with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis is the therapeutic option. Today, there are four different LDL-apheresis systems available: immunoadsorption, heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL/fibrinogen precipitation, dextran sulfate LDL-adsorption, and LDL-hemoperfusion. Despite substantial progress in diagnostics, drug therapy, and cardiosurgical procedures, atherosclerosis with myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral cellular disease still maintains its position at the top of morbidity and mortality statistics in industrialized nations. Established risk factors widely accepted are smoking, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and central obesity. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Besides the elimination of other risk factors, in severe hyperlipidemia (HLP) therapeutic strategies should focus on a drastic reduction of serum lipoproteins. Despite maximum conventional therapy with a combination of different kinds of lipid-lowering drugs, however, sometimes the goal of therapy cannot be reached. Mostly, the prognosis of patients suffering from severe HLP, sometimes combined with elevated Lp(a) levels and CHD refractory to diet and lipid-lowering drugs is poor. Hence, in such patients, treatment with LDL-apheresis can be useful. Regarding the different LDL-apheresis systems used, there were no significant differences with respect to the clinical outcome or concerning total cholesterol, LDL, high-density lipoprotein, or triglyceride concentrations. With respect to elevated Lp(a) levels, however, the immunoadsorption method seems to be the most effective. The published data clearly demonstrate that treatment with LDL-apheresis in patients suffering from severe hyperlipidemia refractory to maximum conservative therapy is effective and safe in long-term application.
 ...
PMID:Current topics on low-density lipoprotein apheresis. 1172 15

The developments and trends of antihyperlipidemic drugs and their effects on the mortality of coronary heart disease in Japan were investigated. The developed drugs available for hyperlipidemia were recorded with their approval dates by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (Table 1). 1. Antihyperlipidemic drugs have been developed since the late 1950s. Useful drugs among them include the fibrate series and the statin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) series. Clofibrate, developed in 1965, was the first fibrate drug, and pravastatin sodium (Mevalotin(R) Sankyo Co.), developed in 1989, was the first statin drug. They have sure effectiveness for lowering serum cholesterol and triglyceride. But they induce an unfavorable side-effect, rhabdomyolisis, especially after the continuous or simultaneous use of both. The other drug classes using hyperlipidemia include various different types, e.g., probucol, nicotinates, anion exchange resins, ethyl icosapentate, and dextran sodium sulfate. Despite their mild activities, the low incidence of adverse effects make them suitable for supplementary use with fibrates or statins. 2. "Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperlipidemia in Adult" was presented by the Japan Atherosclersis Society in 1997. The standard criteria of serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Japanese adults were proposed. The hypercholesterolemia is the state of more than a 220 mg/dl level of serum cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia is of more than a 150 mg/dl level of serum triglyceride. The pharmacotherapy should be applied for a high serum level of cholesterol exceeding 240 mg/dl. But the standard routine formula of drug therapy were not indicated in the present guideline. 3. Epidemiological surveys show that hyperlipidemia induces coronary heart diseases in the United States, European countries, and Japan. The mortality of all heart disease patients in Japan increased rapidly from the late 1960s, but the mortality resulting from coronary heart disease was suppressed from 1968. This suppression continued throughout 1994 when artificial statistical changes occurred. It may be due to the newly developed antihyperlipidemic drugs, e.g., the clofibrate group, the statin series, and others (Fig.2).
 ...
PMID:[A 50-year history of new drugs in Japan: the developments and trends of antihyperlipidemic drugs]. 1196 19

Acharan sulfate (AS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) prepared from the giant African snail, Achatina fulica. In this study, some biological activities of AS were evaluated on the basis of structural similarities to heparin/heparan sulfate and the biological functions of GAGs. We demonstrated that it exhibited strong immunostimulating activities as measured by carbon clearance test in mice and in vivo phagocytosis. It also exhibited a significant hypoglycemic activity in epinephrine (EP)-induced hyperglycemia as well as antifatigue effects by weight-loaded forced swimming test. And it showed hypolipidemic activities in cholesterol-rich mixture induced hyperlipidemia in rats. The above results indicate that AS has diverse biological activities and suggest therapeutically important target molecules.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacological activities of a new glycosaminoglycan, acharan sulfate isolated from the giant African snail Achatina fulica. 1251 Aug 44

Homocysteine is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease; similarly as is hyperlipidemia or insulin resistance, which frequently occur in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. We examined the relationships between thiols and hormonal status or insulin resistance in 40 women (aged 25.8 +/- 7 years) with polycystic ovary syndrome and in 11 controls (33 +/- 5 years). Blood levels of homocysteine, glutathione, total and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and estradiol were determined. Student's t test and Spearman correlations were computed after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and age. Homocysteine was significantly higher in polycystic ovary syndrome patients than in the control group (10.3 +/- 2.87 vs. 8.78 +/- 2.75 micromol/l; p < 0.05). In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, there were significant positive correlations between homocysteine and androstenedione (r = 0.329; p < 0.05) and glutathione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (r = 0.469; p < 0.05). We conclude that homocysteine is increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and is probably linked to androgen levels but not to markers of insulin resistance or with lipid metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Plasma thiols and androgen levels in polycystic ovary syndrome. 1266 10

Atherosclerosis with myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral cellular disease still maintains its position at the top of morbidity and mortality statistics in industrialized nations. Established risk factors widely accepted are smoking, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and central obesity. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. The prognosis of patients suffering from severe hyperlipidemia, sometimes combined with elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lpa) levels, and coronary heart disease (CHD) refractory to diet and lipid-lowering drugs is poor. For such patients, regular treatment with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis is the therapeutic option. Today, there are four different LDL apheresis systems available: immunoadsorption, heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL/fibrinogen precipitation, dextran sulfate LDL adsorption and LDL hemoperfusion. Regarding the different LDL apheresis systems used, there is no significant difference with respect to the clinical outcome or concerning total cholesterol, LDL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or triglyceride concentrations. With respect to elevated Lpa levels, however, the immunoadsorption method seems to be the most effective. In 45 patients (25 women, 20 men) suffering from familial hypercholesterolemia resistant to diet and lipid lowering drugs, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis was performed over 95.6 +/- 44.7 months. Four different systems (Liposorber, 32 of 45, Kaneka, Osaka, Japan; Therasorb, 6 of 45, Baxter, Munich, Germany; Lipopak, 2 of 45, Pocard, Moscow, Russia; and Dali, 5 of 45, Fresenius, St. Wendel, Germany) were used. With all methods, average reductions of 57% for total cholesterol, 55.9% for LDL, 75.8% for lipoprotein a (Lpa), and 45.9% for triglycerides, and an average increase of 14.3% for HDL were reached. Severe side-effects such as shock or allergic reactions were very rare (0.3%) in all methods. In the course of treatment, an improvement in general well-being and increased performance were experienced by 44 of 45 patients. The present data demonstrate that treatment with LDL apheresis of patients suffering from familial hypercholesterolemia resistant to maximum conservative therapy is very effective and safe even in long-term application.
 ...
PMID:Low-density lipoprotein apheresis: an overview. 1288 19

The influence of steroid hormones on plasma lipids and lipoproteins was confirmed by many studies. On the other hand, the effect of plasma lipids on metabolism of steroid hormones has so far not been examined. The objective of this research project was to determine (1) the levels of cortisol, testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its sulfate (DHEAS), 7-hydroxylated DHEA, and SHBG in men suffering from mixed hyperlipidemia (HPL) (n=23, age 46.1+/-7.9 years) in comparison with healthy male volunteers (n=17, age 45.1+/-15.6 years); (2) whether therapy with fenofibrate influences the levels of the above mentioned steroids and SHBG; (3) what are the correlations between lipids and steroids in healthy males and HPL patients before and after therapy. Compared to controls, untreated patients had significantly higher estradiol and free testosterone index (IFT) levels (p<0.0003 and p<0.02, respectively) and significantly lower SHBG (p<0.02). Due to fenofibrate therapy, a significant decrease of TC, TG, and DHEA levels occurred (mean decrease: 14 %, 52 % and 21 %, respectively). Triglycerides correlated negatively with testosterone and SHBG in healthy subjects. HDL-C correlated positively and consequently, atherogenic index correlated negatively with 7-hydroxylated epimers of DHEA in treated patients. This is the first study dealing with the influence of fenofibrate administration on the steroid levels. Taking together, the most important is the finding of decrease DHEA levels after fenofibrate therapy. It could be explained, at least in part, by the effect of the fenofibrateon on the biosynthesis of DHEA and its regulation.
 ...
PMID:Decrease in serum dehydroepiandrosterone level after fenofibrate treatment in males with hyperlipidemia. 1554 18

The combination of Parkinson syndrome (PS) and prolonged visually evoked potentials (VEPs) in a single patient with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has not been reported. A 52-year-old male with chronic HE developed PS in early 2001. Treatment with L-DOPA was only of minimal effect. In August 2001 he was admitted because of worsening PS and HE. There was anemia, hyperlipidaemia, markedly elevated liver-function-parameters, hyperammonemia, elevated resting-lactate, steatosis hepatis and hepatomegalia. VEPs showed markedly prolonged P100-latencies. Under L-DOPA, pramipexol, L-ornithin-L-aspartate, paromomycin-sulfate, and lactulose liver-function-parameters normalized and PS markedly improved. In February 2003, VEPs were normal. L-DOPA was discontinued by the patient in April 2003 and pramipexol in December 2003. Since then PS did not recur. This case shows that HE may go along with reversible PS and prolonged VEPs. Under adequate therapy liver-function-parameters and VEPs normalize and PS disappears.
 ...
PMID:Recovery from parkinson syndrome and prolonged visually evoked potentials in hepatic encephalopathy. 1591 50

Two partially inbred strains of laboratory opossums exhibit extremely high or low levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations, respectively, when challenged with a high-cholesterol and high-fat (HCHF) diet. The present studies were conducted to determine whether the catabolism or the production of LDL apolipoprotein B (apoB) is responsible for the variability in plasma LDL cholesterol and apoB concentrations. Iodinated LDL prepared from plasma of donor opossums consuming HCHF diet was injected into high- and low-responding recipients maintained on the HCHF diet. Blood was drawn at intervals beginning at 3 minutes and ending at 24 hours. At the end of the study, animals were necropsied, and livers were removed for isolation of RNA. Plasma LDL apoB was separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis, and the level of radioactivity was determined. Hepatic LDL receptor and apoB mRNA levels were measured by Northern blotting. Radioactivity decay curves were plotted by using the radioactivity at each time point as percentage of the radioactivity recovered at 3 minutes. Fractional catabolic rates (FCRs) were calculated by the curve peeling technique. Steady-state production rates were calculated by multiplying the FCR values with apoB concentrations. LDL apoB FCR was slightly higher (1.63-fold) in low responders than in high responders. On the other hand, LDL apoB production was much higher (5.5-fold) in high responders than in low responders. There was no difference in hepatic mRNA levels for either the LDL receptor or apoB. The differences in LDL apoB FCR may be explained on the basis of differences in pool size between the 2 strains. Therefore, LDL apoB production is the major determinant of diet-induced hyperlipidemia in laboratory opossums. Because LDL apoB production was not associated with hepatic mRNA levels, the production of LDL apoB is regulated posttranscriptionally or posttranslationally.
 ...
PMID:Low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B production differs between laboratory opossums exhibiting high and low lipemic responses to dietary cholesterol and fat. 1609 58

Conditionally essential nutrients (CENs) are organic compounds that are ordinarily produced by the body in amounts sufficient to meet its physiological requirements. However, in disorders, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), and in other physiologically stressful conditions, their biosynthesis may be inadequate. Under these circumstances, CENs become essential nutrients, comparable to vitamins. The CENs of primary importance in CVD, based on the quantity and quality of human clinical studies, are l-arginine, l-carnitine, propionyl-l-carnitine, and coenzyme Q10. Controlled studies of these CENs are reviewed in depth. Taurine is a CEN of secondary importance caused by a limited human database. Other putative CENs include alpha-lipoic acid, betaine, chondroitin sulfate, glutamine, and d-ribose, each of which is mentioned in passing. Collectively, CENs have demonstrated favorable clinical effects in CVDs, including chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and in CVD risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and lipoprotein(a). Limited research has pointed to possible benefits in CVD therapy accruing from supplementation with several CENs in combination. Additional controlled clinical studies of CENs in CVD are urgently needed. In view of the efficacy and safety of appropriate supplementation with CENs, it is strongly suggested that healthcare professionals become knowledgeable of these potentially important additions to the CVD therapeutic armamentarium.
 ...
PMID:Supplemental conditionally essential nutrients in cardiovascular disease therapy. 1640 31


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>