Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

40 hyperlipidaemic patients (26 type II a and b, 14 type IV) and 50 healthy controls were studied. The patients were not suffering from any other pathology of note and were under no drug treatment. Blood viscosity at natural Ht and at Ht 45% and plasma viscosity were measured. Red blood cell viscosity and deformability was studied on washed red cells, poor in leucocytes and platelets and suspended in a saline phosphate buffer. The patients with hyperlipidaemia had blood viscosity higher than healthy people. Red blood cell and plasma viscosity were higher in subjects with hyperlipidaemia. There was no difference in the filtration index between the people under study. The increased blood viscosity found in people with hyperlipidaemia appears to be attributable to changes in both the plasma and the erythrocytes.
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PMID:[Blood, plasma, erythrocyte viscosity and index of erythrocyte filtration in subjects with hyperlipemia]. 360 Nov 30

Cigarette smoking, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, are all known risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Often they are associated with alterations mainly due to increased haematocrit (smoking) or to the influence of triglycerides and cholesterol on the erythrocyte membrane or plasma viscosity. In order to eliminate these factors, washed red blood cells, poor in leucocytes and platelets, in a suspension with phosphate saline buffer were studied. 20 heavy smokers, 40 patients with hyperlipidaemia (26 II a or b; 14 IV) and 50 healthy people were considered. Red blood cell viscosity was calculated at 4 shear rate between 0.37 and 69.5 sec-1. Red blood cell deformability, as an indicator of cell filtration through Nucleopore membranes was also studied. There was no difference in the filtration index among the subjects under study. Red blood cell viscosity increased in smokers and in patients with hyperlipidaemia.
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PMID:[Hemorrheologic disorders of red cells in subjects at risk for atherosclerosis]. 360 Nov 34

Risk factors for atherosclerosis are often associated with haemorheological changes. On this point, obesity (recently advocated as an independent risk factor) was not much studied and with not univocal results. We have studied 70 obese patients (BMI greater than 30) and 50 healthy subjects (BMI less than 25). Among obese 26 had no more pathologies, 29 had hypertension, 3 suffered from ischemic heart disease, 3 suffered from occlusive arteriopathy, 9 were hyperlipidemic, 10 were smokers. We determined plasma viscosity and whole blood viscosity (at haematocrit corrected to 45% too). Washed erythrocytes, poor in leucocytes and platelets and resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline, were used for study of erythrocyte viscosity and deformability. Obese patients showed raised mean blood viscosity values when compared to healthy controls (p less than 0.01); an even more significant increase (p less than 0.001) was found concerning plasma viscosity and fibrinogen. Erythrocyte viscosity and red blood cell filterability index did not show any significant difference. We found no significant correlation between viscosity values and presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking habit among obese. In conclusion, the higher vasculopathy incidence might be caused by an increase in blood viscosity, mostly due to plasmatic component. This fact appears to be independent from the presence of atherosclerosis complications or other risk factors.
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PMID:[Hemorrheologic disorders in obese patients. Study of the viscosity of the blood, erythrocytes, plasma, fibrinogen and the erythrocyte filtration index]. 360 Nov 35

Three- and 4-phenyl-piperidine-2,6-dione derivatives were investigated for hypolipidemic activity at 20 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally in rodents. The 3-phenyl compound afforded the best activity and effectiveness in both normal and hyperlipidemia-induced mice. The agent lowered lipids by blocking the de novo hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides, specifically at the sites of ATP-dependent citrate lyase, acetyl CoA synthetase, sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase and phosphatidylate phosphohydrolase. The agent caused a more rapid clearance of cholesterol by the fecal route. Cholesterol levels of the chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were reduced, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly elevated after drug administration. Triglyceride content was lowered in the chylomicron and LDL fractions. These modulations of lipid content of serum lipoproteins by the drug suggest a favorable situation for treatment of hyperlipidemic states.
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PMID:Hypolipidemic activity of 3- and 4-phenyl-piperidine-2,6-diones and selected N-substituted derivatives. 379 28

To study the effects of alcoholic liver injury on the ability of ethanol to promote hepatic fat accumulation and hyperlipemia, baboons were pair-fed liquid diets containing 50% of energy either as ethanol or as additional carbohydrate (controls) for 1 to 7 years. Alcohol consumption produced triacylglycerol accumulation in the liver, hypertriacylglyceridemia, and various degrees of liver injury, including cirrhosis. At the early stages of fatty liver (with or without perivenular fibrosis), there was increased activity of microsomal diacylglycerol acyltransferase and of both microsomal and cytosolic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, with no changes in glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. With progression of the liver injury and development of septal fibrosis and/or cirrhosis, the rate of hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation and the magnitude of the hyperlipemia decreased, despite continuous ethanol intake. These changes were associated with disappearance of the increases in microsomal diacylglycerol acyltransferase and cytosolic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activities, whereas those of microsomal phosphatidate phosphohydrolase remained elevated and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase was unaffected. Thus, changes in the activity of two enzymes of the triacylglycerol-synthesizing pathway, namely the microsomal diacylglycerol acyltransferase and the cytosolic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, may contribute to the differences in the rate of hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation and the degree of hyperlipemia during progression of the alcoholic liver damage.
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PMID:Hepatic triacylglycerol synthesizing activity during progression of alcoholic liver injury in the baboon. 649 27

This study examined how the duration of experimentally induced diabetes affects myocardial metabolism. Both acutely (2-day) and chronically (30-day and 90-day) streptozocin (STZ)-diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia and hyperketonemia, while hyperlipemia was evident only in the chronically diabetic rats. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase was lower, whereas that of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase was higher in the hearts of chronically diabetic rats. Although myocardial concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate, glycogen, and triacylglycerols were elevated in diabetes, the patterns of alterations differed between acute and chronic diabetes. The fructose-1,6-diphosphate/fructose-6-phosphate ratio declined progressively after STZ administration, which was not accompanied by a reciprocal increase in citrate levels, although citrate concentrations were elevated. Impaired glucose oxidation was more severe in the freshly isolated heart cells from 30-day than from 2-day diabetic rats. For a given substrate concentration, the oxidation rates of palmitate and 3-hydroxybutyrate were markedly reduced in myocytes from 30-day diabetic rats. However, they were similar to or even higher than the rates found in their control counterparts under conditions that reflected the respective in vivo concentrations of the substrates. Incubating isolated myocytes from 2-day diabetic rats in the presence of insulin only partially restored the impaired glucose oxidation. Insulin administered to the animals 4 h before the experiments restored the impaired glucose oxidation by the cells. Insulin in vitro or single injection in vivo had little or no effect on glucose oxidation in isolated myocytes from 30-day diabetic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effects of acute and chronic diabetes on myocardial metabolism in rats. 650 Jan 87

Turbidimetry of inorganic sulfate, after precipitation with barium sulfate, can be done simply in a Cobas Bio centrifugal analyzer. Polyethylene glycol is used as the precipitate-stabilizing agent. Reproducibility of precipitation is enhanced by the presence of BaSO4 particles, which function as seed nuclei. There is no interference by normal or above-normal concentrations of phosphate, heparin, bilirubin, hemoglobin, or erythrocyte contents, or by lipemia (triglyceride concentrations up to 6.5 mmol/L). Analytical recovery of added inorganic sulfate was found to be quantitative. Precision is similar to that for other methods for inorganic sulfate in plasma. This method is suitable for the rapid, routine analysis of plasma inorganic sulfate, and it is simple and less expensive to perform than alternative methods.
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PMID:Determination of inorganic sulfate in plasma with a centrifugal analyzer. 669 33

In vitro lipogenesis was studied on the xanthoma tissue from 6 patients with normal plasma lipids and 4 patients with hyperlipidemia. Xanthoma tissue was incubated at 37 degrees C for 6 hr in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer containing sodium [14C]acetate. The radioactivity of each lipid class was determined after extraction and separation of lipids. The incorporation of acetate into all major lipid groups was much greater in xanthoma tissue than in control normal-appearing skin. There was no difference in the incorporation pattern of 14C between xanthomas of patients with normal plasma lipids and those of hyperlipidemic patients. The data exemplify considerable in situ lipid synthesis of xanthoma tissue. Although the lipids in xanthomas of hyperlipidemic persons may be derived from plasma, the plasma origin of xanthoma lipids in normolipidemic persons remains to be confirmed, and the contribution of local lipogenesis cannot be ignored. The lipids in cutaneous xanthomas are most likely derived from a multiple input system.
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PMID:Lipid synthesis in cutaneous xanthoma. 709 39

The effects of chitosan-coated dialdehyde cellulose (Chitosan DAC), a newly developed oral adsorbent of urea and ammonia, were examined in rats with progressive chronic renal failure (CRF) induced by adriamycin. CRF rats induced by repeated injections of adriamycin were fed a diet containing chitosan DAC (5% content) or Kremezin (5% content), an oral charcoal adsorbent (AST-120) under strict paired-feeding for four months. CRF rats that received both a normal diet and Kremezin showed progressive azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, and anemia, and began to die from 9 weeks after feeding started. In contrast, chitosan DAC-treatment showed marked prolongation of the survival period and decreases in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum phosphate. In addition, chitosan DAC-treatment ameliorated anemia in CRF rats, although hyperlipidemia and proteinuria were not improved. Furthermore, fecal weight, fecal water content, fecal nitrogen and fecal sodium were markedly increased, and the apparent protein ratio was decreased in CRF rats fed a diet containing chitosan DAC for 9 weeks. In contrast, none of these effects were observed in CRF rats receiving Kremezin. These observations suggest the further possibility of using oral adsorbent therapy for CRF patients.
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PMID:[Pharmacological properties of chitosan-coated dialdehyde cellulose (chitosan DAC), a newly developed oral adsorbent (II). Effect of chitosan DAC on rats with chronic renal failure induced by adriamycin]. 755 38

In a population of 716 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 46 patients (6.4%) were identified as having pancreatitis. Pancreatitis was significantly more common in those with alcohol abuse, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and polycystic kidney disease. It was not significantly associated with hyperlipidemia, biliary tract disease, or hypercalcemia. Acute pancreatitis occurring before the patient developed ESRD was mainly alcohol-related and did not appear to be a significant risk factor for future episodes of pancreatitis during dialysis. Chronic calcific pancreatitis diagnosed before ESRD was almost invariably due to alcohol abuse, and tended to be a marker for recurrent acute exacerbation after development of ESRD, whether alcohol consumption continued or not. Pancreatitis occurring for the first time after ESRD in patients on dialysis was generally benign, and was usually accompanied by an uneventful recovery and few recurrent episodes. However, a significant elevation of the calcium x phosphate product was observed in these patients, occurring in about half the patients without any known precipitating factor. After kidney transplantation, the development of pancreatitis was associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Chronic calcific pancreatitis diagnosed after ESRD occurred only in patients with SLE; reported here for the first time, it may be a manifestation of long-standing disease, chronic steroid therapy, or both.
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PMID:Pancreatitis in patients with end-stage renal disease. 830 63


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