Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Erectile dysfunction is a frequent condition in cardiovascular patients. Since the arrival of oral erection-supporting medication, patients want to know how safe sexual activity is in cardiovascular disease in general and during use of erection-supporting medication in particular. Sexual intercourse with a steady partner causes no more cardiovascular risk than normal daily activities such as ironing, 2 kilometers of walking without climbing, paperhanging, playing golf or gardening. The relative risk of myocardial infarction during sexual activity is not significantly higher than for healthy persons. The incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is not higher among users of sildenafil. Sildenafil is contraindicated in patients using long-acting nitrates or who may need to use short-acting nitrates, because the combination may cause a sharp fall of the blood pressure. No interactions have been observed with beta-receptor blockers, calcium antagonists, thiazide and loop diuretics and ACE inhibitors. Before prescribing a symptomatic (pharmaceutical) treatment for patients with an erection disorder, attention should be given tot the sexological, psychological and medical backgrounds of the disorder. Secondary prevention of atherosclerotic risk factors is also important: regulation of blood pressure and blood sugar level, hyperlipidaemia and obesity, as well as a change of lifestyle (giving up smoking, adapting of diet and more physical exertion). Patients with a very low cardiac capacity should be advised to refrain from treatment of the erection disorder.
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PMID:[Drug treatment of erection disorders in patients with cardiovascular disease]. 1121 61

In Germany, some 4-6 million men, including 1.2 million diabetics, suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED). Various other diseases including heart disease, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, endocrine disorders, chronic renal insufficiency, prior radical prostatectomy, neurological diseases, trauma and the abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and side effects of medications, are frequently associated with ED. Medical history, clinical examination, routine blood chemistry and sexual hormone levels may help clarify the etiology of ED. Normally, relaxation of the smooth muscles of the corpus cavernosum--mediated by cGMP and cAMP--together with dilatation of penile arteries and occlusion of venous outflow, results in an erection. The oral type V phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Sildenafil, or prostaglandin E1 injection elevates the cGMP and cAMP levels, respectively. Other therapeutic options include mechanical aids, surgery, hormone replacement or sublingual apomorphine. Since 1998, Sildenafil, an effective, simple and safe oral treatment, has been available.
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PMID:[Erectile dysfunction. An important manifestation of autonomic diabetic neuropathy]. 1253 21

Seven patients, aged between 50 and 69 years, had typical features of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) within 36 hours after ingestion of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) for erectile dysfunction. Six patients had vision loss within 24 hours after use of the agent. Final visual acuity in the affected eye ranged from 20/20 to light perception. Both eyes were affected in one individual. All affected individuals had pre-existing hypertension, diabetes, elevated cholesterol, or hyperlipidemia. Seven similar cases have been previously reported. Sildenafil may provoke NAION in individuals with an arteriosclerotic risk profile.
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PMID:Nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy developing soon after use of sildenafil (viagra): a report of seven new cases. 1651 58

More than 30 million men are estimated to have erectile dysfunction (ED) in the United States. Worldwide, ED is estimated to affect more than 150 million men, and that number is expected to exceed 300 million men by the year 2025. The prevalence of ED ranges from 7% in men aged 18-29 years to 85% in men aged 76-85 years. In addition, a recent report showed that 68% of patients with ED aged 18 years and older have at least one comorbid diagnosis of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes or depression, and research suggests that ED may be an early indicator of systemic vascular disease. Viagra (sildenafil citrate), the first-in-class phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, was introduced in 1998 for the treatment of ED. In the 7 years since its market launch, more than 750,000 physicians have prescribed sildenafil to more than 23 million men, helping establish an excellent safety and efficacy record. Clinical studies have demonstrated that sildenafil successfully treats ED of varied organic, psychogenic or mixed aetiology, and is effective in men with ED and comorbidities such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes or depression. Sildenafil was a breakthrough medication that addressed a previously unfulfilled medical need. The impact of sildenafil has stimulated academic, clinical and industrial research to better understand the nature of sexual function and develop better treatment and management for sexual dysfunctions such as ED. With the advent of other erectogenic therapies for the treatment of ED, this 7-year update will focus on the unique history and development of sildenafil, its current use and applications and its future directions and indications. Special emphasis is placed on the impact of sildenafil on our understanding of sexual health and on the extensive safety and efficacy data that have been amassed from numerous clinical trials.
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PMID:Past, present, and future: a 7-year update of Viagra (sildenafil citrate). 1592 97

Cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and obesity are the important predictors of erectile dysfunction (ED). Endothelial dysfunction is proposed to be the underlying cause of ED, just like coronary artery disease. Sildenafil was originally developed to treat angina pectoris but later on was recognized as novel treatment option for impotence. To date, sildenafil has been the most extensively studied PDE (phosphodiesterase)-5 inhibitor. Currently two more PDE-5 inhibitors, tadalafil and vardenafil, are under study. Newer compounds have certain advantages over sildenafil, including greater selectivity for PDE-5 compared with other isoenzymes, absence of effect of food on absorption, faster onset and longer duration of action. PDE-5 inhibitors are emerging as novel therapeutic tools with a potential to protect or enhance endothelial function in humans and to selectively improve regional blood flow. The FDA has recently approved a reformulation of sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Raynaud's phenomenon, respiratory disorders with ventilation/ perfusion mismatch, congestive cardiac failure, hypertension and stroke are the other conditions in which PDE-5 inhibitors are being tried. It is hoped that this group of drugs will soon emerge as a novel weapon in the armamentarium against various cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.
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PMID:Novel phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: current indications and future directions. 1817 38