Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To better understand the link between fatty acid signaling and the pleiotropic effects of fatty acids in the pancreatic beta-cell, we investigated whether fatty acids regulate immediate-early response genes (IEGs) coding for transcription factors implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Palmitate and oleate, but not long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, caused a pronounced accumulation of c-fos and nur-77 mRNAs in beta-cells (INS cells) to an extent similar to that produced by the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The effect was dose dependent and occurred at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.5 mmol/l in the presence of 0.5% albumin. The action of the fatty acid occurred at the transcriptional level, and the mRNA accumulation displayed a bell-shaped kinetics with a maximal effect at 1 h. 2-Bromopalmitate was ineffective, indicating that fatty acids must be metabolized to cause their effect. Neither fatty acid was able to induce c-fos and nur-77 in PKC-downregulated cells or cells incubated in the presence of the Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine or the Ca2+ chelator EGTA, suggesting involvement of the PKC and Ca2+ signaling pathways. Palmitate and oleate also increased c-fos protein expression and DNA binding activity of the transcription factor AP-1. Oleate, but not palmitate, increased [3H]thymidine incorporation in INS cells. Finally, both palmitate and oleate caused c-fos and nur-77 mRNA accumulation in isolated rat islets. It is suggested that IEG induction by the most abundant circulating fatty acids plays a role in the adaptive process of the beta-cell to hyperlipidemia. These results have implications for our understanding of obesity-associated diabetes and the link between fatty acids and tumorigenesis.
 ...
PMID:Palmitate and oleate induce the immediate-early response genes c-fos and nur-77 in the pancreatic beta-cell line INS-1. 1051 66

We have evaluated the suitability of different rat models for the study of effects of antihypertensives on cardiovascular and metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. IDDM was induced in Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats by single tail vein injection of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.v.). Neonatal STZ-diabetes (nSTZ) was induced by administering STZ, 70 mg/kg (i.p.) to 5 day old Wistar rat pups. DOCA-hypertension was induced in Wistar and STZ-diabetic rats using deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA, 5 mg/kg, s.c.) and NaCl (2%) in drinking water. Intravenous injection of STZ produced cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus including hyperglycemia, loss of body weight, polyphagia and polydipsia. STZ-diabetic rats also showed hyperlipidemia and hypoinsulinemia. STZ-treated rats developed hypertension and bradycardia. nSTZ rats were found to have mild hyperglycemia and were hypertensive and hyperinsulinemic. The OGTT and ITT revealed that nSTZ rats are insulin resistant. SH rats were also found to be hyperinsulinemic and hypertensive. Although, these rats were found to be insulin resistant, they did not demonstrate hyperglycemia. DOCA-treated STZ-diabetic rats were found to have milder hyperglycemia when compared to STZ-diabetic rats not treated with DOCA. Although, DOCA treatment was not found to alter serum levels of glucose and insulin, results of OGTT revealed enhanced glucose disposal in DOCA-treated Wistar rats, suggesting that DOCA probably produces some effect on glucose homeostasis in rats. The present data also suggest that STZ-diabetic rat may be considered a suitable model for IDDM. On the other hand, nSTZ and SH rats were hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant and may be used as models to study insulin sensitivity. DOCA-hypertensive rat may not be a suitable model for studying the effects of various drug interventions on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity as DOCA itself appears to influence these factors.
 ...
PMID:Comparative evaluation of different rat models with co-existing diabetes-mellitus and hypertension. 1084 25

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a country liquor (Arrack) and the equivalent quantity of ethanol on liver function and lipid metabolism in utero. Female rats of average weight 125 g were exposed to Arrack (12 ml/kg body weight/day) and ethanol (3.2 ml/kg body weight/day) for 15 days before conception and throughout gestation. On 13th day and 19th day of gestation, altered liver function and hyperlipidemia was seen in the fetus of both the treated groups. Altered liver function was evidenced by the increased activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase or alanine amino transferase (GPT). Hyperlipidemia was caused by increased biosynthesis since the incorporation of 14C acetate to lipids and activities of HMG CoA reductase and lipogenic enzymes were elevated. Arrack seemed to potentiate the toxicity induced by alcohol indicating the role of non ethanolic portion. Hepatic functions of the 13th day fetuses were effected to a lesser degree than the 19th day hepatic liver.
 ...
PMID:Prenatal exposure of an alcoholic beverage (Arrack) on fetal lipid metabolism in rats. 1094 14

The index patient is a 23-year-old female with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to chemotherapeutic agents. Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) has been the renal replacement therapy for the past 5 years since a failed cadaveric renal transplant. Past medical history was significant for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, anemia, bilateral subclavian vein thrombosis with superior vena cava syndrome, secondary hyperparathyroidism, leukemia (at age 8), and hyperlipidemia. On presentation, soft tissue nodules were noted in the anterolateral surfaces of the legs. After 3 months of continued low-calcium-dialysate CCPD, calcitriol, and oral phosphate binders, a 2 x 3 cm nodule was noted on the posterior aspect of the thorax at the scapula. The only complaint at this time was shoulder pain at the acromioclavicular joint. Radiological examination revealed a 3 x 4 cm soft tissue opacity in the superior segment of the left lower lobe laterally. Despite a prior subtotal parathyroidectomy, phosphate binders, and calcitriol, the parathyroid hormone levels continued to increase, with development of tumoral calcinosis, worsening renal osteodystrophy, and calciphylaxis. Computed tomography examination revealed extensive soft tissue calcification consistent with tumoral calcinosis. An ulcerative lesion (1 cm) developed on the lateral aspect of the upper thigh owing to warfarin necrosis versus calciphylaxis. At this time, the phosphate binder was changed from calcium acetate to sevelamer hydrochloride. Aggressive wound treatment and aggressive calcium and phosphate control added to the treatment regimen has resulted in healing of the single ulcer and a decrease in the size of the tumoral lesions. In conclusion, early recognition and aggressive treatment of calciphylaxis can result in reduced morbidity and mortality from calciphylaxis in ESRD patients.
 ...
PMID:Spectrum of complications related to secondary hyperparathyroidism in a peritoneal dialysis patient. 1104 12

Renal transplant recipients die of CVD at an accelerated rate compared with the general population. Successful management of CVD risk would prolong patient and renal allograft life, but management must begin early in the pretransplant period. By the time a renal transplant becomes available, patients often have advanced CVD because of prolonged and progressive renal disease. The most effective way to reduce premature CVD in renal transplant recipients is to address the problem of cardiac disease and vascular disease at the earliest stages in the natural history of progressive renal disease. Based largely on the success of such treatments in the general population, pretransplant modification may include the use of statins to control hyperlipidemia and ACE inhibitors to control elevated blood pressure. Elevated blood pressure has been related to the development of cardiomyopathy prior to transplantation; thus, therapeutic goals should be revised to include reversal of LVH. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the effects of blood pressure lowering on LVH (and other echocardiographic abnormalities) in patients with progressive renal disease, patients on dialysis, and even following transplantation. Echocardiographic parameters have been shown to be stronger determinants of CVD mortality than conventional risk factors in the transplant population, and studies are needed to look at regression of these echocardiographic abnormalities with blood pressure control.
 ...
PMID:Pretransplant management of end-stage renal disease patients to minimize posttransplant risk. 1115 31

Erectile dysfunction is a frequent condition in cardiovascular patients. Since the arrival of oral erection-supporting medication, patients want to know how safe sexual activity is in cardiovascular disease in general and during use of erection-supporting medication in particular. Sexual intercourse with a steady partner causes no more cardiovascular risk than normal daily activities such as ironing, 2 kilometers of walking without climbing, paperhanging, playing golf or gardening. The relative risk of myocardial infarction during sexual activity is not significantly higher than for healthy persons. The incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is not higher among users of sildenafil. Sildenafil is contraindicated in patients using long-acting nitrates or who may need to use short-acting nitrates, because the combination may cause a sharp fall of the blood pressure. No interactions have been observed with beta-receptor blockers, calcium antagonists, thiazide and loop diuretics and ACE inhibitors. Before prescribing a symptomatic (pharmaceutical) treatment for patients with an erection disorder, attention should be given tot the sexological, psychological and medical backgrounds of the disorder. Secondary prevention of atherosclerotic risk factors is also important: regulation of blood pressure and blood sugar level, hyperlipidaemia and obesity, as well as a change of lifestyle (giving up smoking, adapting of diet and more physical exertion). Patients with a very low cardiac capacity should be advised to refrain from treatment of the erection disorder.
 ...
PMID:[Drug treatment of erection disorders in patients with cardiovascular disease]. 1121 61

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of country liquor Toddy and its equivalent quantity of ethanol on lipid metabolism during gestation in rats. Female rats weighing an average of 125 g were exposed to Toddy (24.5 ml/body weight/day) and ethanol (0.52 ml/kg body weight/day) for 15 days before conception and throughout gestation. On the 19th day of gestation, altered liver function and hyperlipidemia was seen in both the treated groups. Altered liver function was evidenced by the increased activity of alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase or aspartate amino transferase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase or alanine amino transferase (GPT) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Hyperlipidemia was caused by increased biosynthesis and decreased degradation of lipids. The incorporation of 14C acetate in lipids and activities of HMG CoA reductase and lipogenic enzymes were elevated and activity of LPL and bile acids contents were decreased. Toddy treated rats were more severely affected than those receiving an equivalent quantity of ethanol. Toddy seemed to potentiate the toxicity induced by alcohol indicating the role of the nonethanolic portion. Hepatic functions were also affected.
 ...
PMID:Effect of exposure to a country liquor (Toddy) during gestation on lipid metabolism in rats. 1131 2

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is supposed to be a useful marker of cardiovascular complications during the course of hypertension. Authors compared the presence of heart failure, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and chronic atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy defined by echocardiography. Hospital records of 192 hypertensives treated in our medical department during years 1996-1999 were analysed. Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined by echocardiography (Penn convention) as left ventricular mass index > 134 g/m2 in men and > 110 g/m2 in women. Presence of LVH was found in 128 patients (mean age 65.9 years), absence of LVH in 64 patients (mean age 64.8 years). Both groups of hypertensives were matched by demographic parameters, by the presence of hyperlipidemia, by smoking habits. Hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy were more often treated by ACE inhibitors. There were statistically significant more patients with heart failure, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and chronic atrial fibrillation in LVH-positive patients than in LVH-negative once. There was also statistically significant lower ejection fraction (50.3 +/- 11.4% vs 56.5 +/- 7.4%) in LVH-positive patients than in LVH-negative once. Left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension brings usually a complicated course of the disease with a high contribution to the development of chronic heart failure.
 ...
PMID:[Heart failure in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy]. 1149 79

Type II diabetes and hypertension are two pathologies which are frequently associated in adults, especially in developed countries. All the more so when patients are also obese: obesity is today, and will be in the next future, a true epidemic in these countries. These three pathologies imply a risk for cardiovascular complications much higher than that due to an isolated arterial hypertension. This increased risk is probably due to many factors: hyperglycemia, a dismetabolic syndrome (hyperlipemia, hyperuricemia, thrombophilia, altered Na(+)-H+ membrane exchanges = syndrome X) and hyperinsulinemia which favor atherosclerosis and clinical events. Consequently non-pharmacological and aggressive pharmacological therapy is necessary. Even if the trials done in the last years are questionable and not totally convincing, all researchers agree that lowering blood pressure to normality is the best way to improve prognosis of these patients. Usually for this purpose we need a therapy with more than one drug. Among the antihypertensive drugs, ACE-inhibitors (and perhaps also angiotensin receptor blockers) are preferred, especially in those hypertensives with diabetes who have also microalbuminuria or a frank proteinuria.
 ...
PMID:[Diabetes and arterial hypertension]. 1177 8

Individuals with diabetes are at high risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, a risk that is significantly greater in the presence of traditional CV risk factors (hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, prothrombotic state). Glucose control and management of these risk factors decreases but does not eliminate CV events, reflecting the complexity of atherosclerosis. Novel risk factors (C-reactive protein, lipoprotein a, homocysteine, and endothelial dysfunction) have been proposed and are potentially modifiable. However, clinical trials data are not yet available to guide therapy. At this time, no single agent can achieve adequate risk reduction in patients with diabetes. Even with the use of multiple agents and classes of agents to manage CV risk, 75% of patients with diabetes are expected to die from CV causes. Despite the recent advances in primary and secondary prevention of CV events, new approaches are needed. Data from the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) trial demonstrated that CV risk can be further reduced by the addition of the ACE inhibitor ramipril to the existing treatment regimen of high-risk patients with diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Attenuating CV risk factors in patients with diabetes: clinical evidence to clinical practice. 1184 49


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>