Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Splanchnic metabolism was studied to quantify changes underlying the fatty liver, hyperlipemia, and hypoglycemia produced by ethanol. Four subjects fasted for 15 h were compared with five subjects fasted for 69 h under basal conditions and during continuous intravenous infusion of sufficient ethanol to give a concentration of 3-5 mM in arterial blood plasma. Splanchnic storage of fatty acids was estimated from the difference between uptake of FFA and secretion of derived products. Basal values for splanchnic uptake of FFA were twofold higher after the 69-h fast while splanchnic storage of fatty acids and production of ketone bodies increased threefold. Values for basal secreation into the blood of triglycerides derived from FFA were similar in the two groups. In both nutritional states, the fraction of FFA taken up in the splanchnic region oxidized to ketone bodies and to CO2 fell when ethanol was given because of preferential oxidation of ethanol to acetate, and the fraction esterified rose. However, systemic transport and splanchnic uptake of FFA fell with ethanol in subjects fasted 15 h, so that neither storage of triglycerides in splanchnic tissues nor secretion into the blood increased. In subjects fasted 69 h, ethanol increased transport of FFA and splanchnic storage of fat. In all but one subject it also increased secretion of triglycerides into the blood. The concentration of glucose in blood fell during ethanol infusion in all five subjects undergoing the 69-h fast. Mean splanchnic glucose production was maintained at about one-half of the pre-ethanol value, despite virtual cessation of splanchnic uptake of lactate and of those amino acids that are metabolized via malate. Quantitative estimates of extrasplanchnic metabolism suggest that enhanced formation of alpha-glycerophosphate from glucose, in addition to impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis, may contribute to ethanol-induced hypoglycemia in man.
 ...
PMID:Effects of a 3-day fast and of ethanol on splanchnic metabolism of FFA, amino acids, and carbohydrates in healthy young men. 17 79

Portacaval shunt (PCS) has been proposed as a therapy for hyperlipidemia; however, its lipid-lowering mechanism is unknown. In this study PCS was performed on ten mongrel dogs to measure its effect on plasma lipids and on the cholesterol synthesizing ability of the liver and intestines, the major indodenous cholesterol synthesizing tissues. Plasma was analyzed for total cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), and the CHOL content of three plasma lipoprotein fractions. Jejunal, ileal, and hepatic cholesterol synthetic rates were determined by 14C-acetate incorporation to CHOL in tissue slices obtained at operation before PCS and 44 +/- 4.1 (S.D.) days after PCS. Plasma CHOL decreased by 18 +/- 7 (S.E.), 34 +/- 8 (S.E.), and 57 +/- 14 (S.E.) mg. per 100 ml. by 4, 6, and 16 weeks after PCS, respectively. TG decreased by 13 +/- 5 (S.E.), 27 +/- 5 (S.E.), and 30 +/- 9 (S.E.) mg. per 100 ml. at corresponding time intervals. Paired Student's test analysis of CHOL and TG changes are significant at the p less than 0.05 level. CHOL content of the three plasma lipoprotein fractions decreased correspondingly. Intestinal tissue CHOL synthesis rates changed only slightly. Hepatic synthetic rates increased by 30 to 40%; however, no synthetic rate changes were statistically significant at the p less than 0.05 level. PCS is associated with decreased in plasma CHOL [42% (see article)] AND TG [53% (see article)] in dogs up to 16 weeks following operation. Statistically significant changes in endogenous CHOL synthesis were not demonstrated by this study. The mechanism by which PCS affects plasma lipids in the dog is unknown as yet.
 ...
PMID:The effect of portacaval shunt on plasma lipids and tissue cholesterol synthesis in the dog. 17 61

Different methods for determination and classification systems of serum lipoproteins were used and compared in 300 patients with hyperlipidemia. The procedures and methods were examined to find out which would provide a useful classification for diagnosis and therapy. Lipid electrophoresis on agarose gel gave no reliably reproducible typing. With acetate and polyacetate foils, Type llb was not recognizable in the majority of cases. Neither the determination of beta-cholesterol after polyanion precipitation nor quantitative lipid electrophoresis calculating the values as lipoprotein lipid gave type determinations which completely agreed with the ultracentrifuge, but the best coincidence with the ultracentrifuge was obtained with these two methods. The second method is chiefly suitable for supervision.
 ...
PMID:[Classification and supervision of hyperlipemias (author's transl)]. 20 Aug 39

From experimental work, an influence of a drug with hypolipidemic and hypouricemic acition on blood coagulability and platelet function may be expected. Consequently, if these effects were demonstrable in man the drug could be assumed to reduce the tendency to develop thrombosis and atherosclerosis in patients with hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia. In the study reported, the effect of 2-acetamidoethyl-(p-chlorophenyl)-(m-trifluoro-methylphenoxy)-acetate (halofenate) was investigated in 14 patients suffering from hyperlipoproteinemia type IV and hyperuricemia. Platelet aggregation and adhesiveness, plasma levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid, and clotting factors were regularly examined during a three-month double blind trial. While uric acid and triglyceride levels decreased, no influence of the drug treatment could be observed on platelet function and blood coagulability by the laboratory methods used.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of halofenate on triglyceride and uric acid levels, coagulation and platelet behaviour in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IV and hyperuricemia (author's transl)]. 22 20

The present study investigated the effect of serum lipoproteins on sterol synthesis by isolated rat hepatocytes. These cells were maintained in culture medium for 24 hr and incubated for the same period of time with increasing concentrations of serum lipoproteins (5-150 microgram of lipoprotein-protein per ml) isolated from different animal species. The viability of the cells was ascertained by their ability to synthesize cholesterol and protein and to secrete serum proteins into the medium. Rat VLDL and LDL did not alter sterol synthesis, which was stimulated instead by HDL. Rat serum chylomicrons were also ineffective. Human LDL significantly reduced the synthesis of sterols from both acetate and tritiated water; this effect was also induced by human VLDL to a reduced extent. VLDL isolated from hypercholesterolemic rabbit (VLDLC) strongly inhibited sterol synthesis from acetate but not from mevalonate. Cholesteryl-ester-rich VLDL isolated from a patient with type III hyperlipidemia (type III VLDL) were more effective than normal VLDL in suppressing sterol synthesis from acetate. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to the possible role of cholesteryl-ester-rich lipoproteins on the in vivo regulation of sterol synthesis in the liver.
 ...
PMID:Cholesterol synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes: effect of homologous and heterologous serum lipoproteins. 45 21

20 women, average age 24.4, participated in a double-blind prospective study to determine the effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) on lipid metabolism. A preparation containing 2 mg norethindrone acetate (NA) and 10 mcg ethinyl estradiol (EE) was used daily, while a preparation containing 1 mg NA and 50 mcg EE was used cyclically. 2 groups of 10 women each used 1 of the preparations for 16 weeks, then switched to the other for 16 weeks. Blood studies were taken after the 16th and 32nd weeks. No changes in lipid metabolism were observed upon comparison with a 20 member control group. A retrospective study was taken involving 30 women, average age 28.5, who had used a combination preparation containing 30-50 mcg EE for at least 1 year. In this group all serum lipid levels were significantly higher (p .01). The beta-lipoprotein level was found to be significantly lower, and the alpha and pre-beta lipoprotein levels were markedly higher (p .05). The difference in the results of the 2 studies could have to do with the difference in the types of preparations used or the length of preparation use. Hyperlipidemia should still be regarded as a relative contraindication for OC use.
 ...
PMID:[Hormonal contraception and lipid metabolism. Prospective and retrospective studies of lipid metabolic parameters during the use of contraceptives]. 53 56

An infusion of 180 mEq sodium acetate was given to nine dialysis patients and eight normal volunteers simulating the transfer of acetate that occurs during 30 min of rapid hemodialysis. While serum acetate concentrations had almost normalized 15 min after the end of infusion, there was no increase in serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. In this short-term study, acetate does not appear to be a major contributing factor for the hyperlipidemia of dialysis patients.
 ...
PMID:Effect of acetate administration on blood lipids. 70 44

23 patients with hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia received acetamidoethyl-(4-chlorophenyl)-(trifluoromethylphenoxy)-acetate (halofenate), a clofibrate derivative, and probenecid or probenecid and placebo over 36 weeks following a placebo period of 6 weeks. Halofenate compared with probenecid lowered elevated serum uric acid levels satisfactorily to a therapeutic level between 5 and 6 mg/100 ml. Serum triglyceride levels were not always lowered sufficiently, serum cholesterol levels were not influenced.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of hyperlipemia and hyperuricemia with 2-acetamidoethyl-(4-chlorophenyl)-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-acetate (halofenate), a derivative of clofibrate]. 79 91

The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on basal circulating lipids, arginine-stimulated glucagon and insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance was studied in normal women. After 5 days of oral MPA treatment (10 mg/day), there was a small but significant decline in basal circulating triglycerides. No changes were observed in fasting plasma concentrations of cholesterol, free fatty acids, glucagon, insulin, or glucose; in the plasma glucagon, insulin, or glucose responses during L-arginine infusion; or in the plasma insulin or glucose responses during oral glucose tolerance tests. There was no correlation of any of these parameters with the observed decline in fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations. These results confirm previous reports of no consistent changes in lipid or glucose homeostasis in women using derivatives of 17alpha-acetoxyprogesterone derivatives for contraceptive purposes, and suggest that MPA may be a suitable alternative for those women who develop hyperlipemia or glucose intolerance when they use contraceptive agents which contain derivatives of ethinyl estradiol and nortestosterone.
 ...
PMID:Effect of contraceptive steroids on arginine-stimulated glucagon and insulin secretion in women. III. Medroxyprogesterone acetate. 90 95

Increases of triglycerides and total cholesterol have been reported during treatment with antihypertensive drugs, most notably with beta blockers and diuretics. ACE inhibitors, on the other hand, are not known for having a negative effect on lipid profile. To evaluate the effects of a fixed combination of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide on lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and quality of life, we performed an open prospective study. A total of 2,154 patients with or without hypercholesterolemia, but not receiving lipid lowering drugs, were enrolled. Of the 1891 evaluable patients at baseline, 34.1% had a moderate risk with total cholesterol between 5.2 and 6.5 mmol/l (mean 5.8 mmol/l) and 41.3% had a high coronary heart disease (CHD) risk with total cholesterol higher than 6.5 mmol/l (mean 7.3 mmol/l). After six months of treatment, the median cholesterol level in the moderate risk group decreased from 5.8 to 5.4 mmol/l (p less than 0.0003) and in the high risk group from 7.3 to 6.3 mmol/l (p less than 0.0001). Triglycerides also decreased, whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) increased in both risk groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell as expected and quality of life improved. The fixed combination was well tolerated. We observed a significant improvement of lipid profile in patients with mild to moderate hypertension while undergoing treatment with the fixed combination of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide. We suggest that captopril may balance the negative effects of hydrochlorothiazide on lipid metabolism in patients with hypertension and concomitant hyperlipidemia.
 ...
PMID:A "lipo-protective" effect of a fixed combination of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide in antihypertensive therapy. 139 99


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>