Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activities of hepatic enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation were compared in rats fed diets containing different proportions of dried powder of the brown seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida (wakame). Rats were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2. 0, 5.0 and 10 g/100 g of dried wakame powder. Experimental diets were adjusted to provide consistent amounts of most nutrients, but mineral concentrations were not standardized. After the 21-d feeding period, serum and liver triacylglycerol levels in rats fed diets in which wakame constituted at least 2% were significantly lower than those in rats fed the control diet. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was significantly lower in rats fed the 5 and 10% wakame diets than in rats fed the control diet. In contrast, 10% wakame diet increased activities of enzymes involved in the beta-oxidation pathway including hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, acyl-CoA oxidase, enoyl-CoA hydratase and 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase. Some differences were detected in rats fed 5% wakame as well. These results suggest that alterations of the activities of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism in the liver are responsible for the serum triacylglycerol-lowering effect of dietary wakame. Thus, wakame may be useful as a food to prevent hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzyme activities are stimulated in rats fed the brown seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida (wakame). 991 91

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for initiation and progression of diabetic nephropathy but the metabolic pathways altered in the diabetic kidney in a context of hyperlipidemia remain incompletely described. Assuming that changes in urine composition reflect the alteration of renal metabolism and function, we analyzed the urine metabolite composition of diabetic (streptozotocin-treatment) and control (non diabetic) ApoE-/- mice fed a high cholesterol diet using targeted quantitative metabolomics. Urine metabolome was also compared to the plasma metabolome of the same animals. As previously shown, urine albuminuria/urine creatinine ratio (uACR) and glomerular area and plasma lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides) were more elevated in diabetic mice compared to control. After adjustment to urine creatinine, the abundance of 52 urine metabolites was significantly different in diabetic mice compared to control. Among them was a unique metabolite, C14:2-OH (3-hydroxytetradecadienoylcarnitine) that, in diabetic mice, was positively and significantly correlated with uACR, glomerular hypertrophy, blood glucose and plasma lipids. That metabolite was not detected in plasma. C14:2-OH is a long-chain acylcarnitine reminiscent of altered fatty acid beta oxidation. Other acylcarnitines, particularly the short chains C3-OH, C3-DC, C4:1, C5-DC, C5-M-DC, C5-OH that are reminiscent of altered oxidation of branched and aromatic amino acids were also exclusively detected in urine but were only correlated with plasma lipids. Finally, the renal gene expression of several enzymes involved in fatty acid and/or amino acid oxidation was significantly reduced in diabetic mice compared to control. This included the bifunctional enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA (Ehhadh) that might play a central role in C14:2-OH production. This study indicate that the development of diabetes in a context of hyperlipidemia is associated with a reduced capacity of kidney to oxidize fatty acids and amino acids with the consequence of an elevation of urinary acetylcarnitines including C14:2-OH that specifically reflects diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Increased urine acylcarnitines in diabetic ApoE-/- mice: Hydroxytetradecadienoylcarnitine (C14:2-OH) reflects diabetic nephropathy in a context of hyperlipidemia. 2839 51