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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus may develop premature atherosclerosis, notably coronary artery disease. A group of 10 patients with peripheral vascular disease presenting with intermittent claudication or gangrene were studied from a group of 563 patients followed prospectively at the Wellesley Hospital Lupus Clinic. These 10 patients were compared with the next lupus clinic patient matched for age and sex, with respect to demographic characteristics and risk factors. The patients and controls did not differ significantly in lupus activity criteria count, partial thromboplastin time, the number with antibody to cardiolipin, number receiving steroids or mean steroid dose, family history of atherosclerosis, hyperlipidaemia, smoking, hypertension or use of oral contraceptives. The risk factors for developing peripheral vascular disease were a longer duration of systemic lupus erythematosus and a longer duration of use of steroids. Eight of the 10 patients had coexistent coronary artery disease or transient ischaemic attack.
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PMID:Peripheral vascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 154 39

Twenty geriatric patients with primary or secondary hyperlipidemia and suffering from various other diseases received for three weeks once daily 900 mg gemfibrozil. The hyperlipidemia had not been treated before, and a cholesterol-reduced diet did not succeed in lowering total cholesterol below 6.75 mmol/l (260 mg/100 ml) and serum triglycerides below 1.97 mmol/l (175 mg/100 ml). The purpose of this study was to analyze the lipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane, serum lipids and rheological parameters before and after the therapy. Mean serum total cholesterol and triglyceride content decreased significantly by 16.3% (p less than 0.05) and 35.2% (p less than 0.01) on average, respectively. Aggregation of thrombocytes and of erythrocytes, thrombin time and partial thromboplastin time slightly varied during the three weeks' treatment, but without statistical significance. The content of total long-chain saturated fatty acids in the phospholipid fraction of the erythrocyte membrane decreased slightly from 41.3% to 40.9% (p less than 0.05), whereas the total w6-unsaturated fatty acids without the precursor linoleic acid increased by about the same extent from 15.66% to 16.0% (p less than 0.05). The molar ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol content decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) due to a reduced phospholipid content at the end of the therapy. In conclusion, in addition to reducing the serum lipids, gemfibrozil slightly effects the lipid composition of erythrocytes, but the effects of the varied concentrations of long-chain saturated and long-chain w6-unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid fraction on membrane fluidity might be compensated, at least partly, by the decrease of the ratio of membrane phospholipid to cholesterol.
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PMID:Effect of gemfibrozil on erythrocyte membrane lipids in geriatric patients. 231 81

The pathogenesis of avascular necrosis of bone (ANB) was investigated in 111 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (24 with ANB, 87 without ANB); patients' ages, corticosteroid treatment, clinical and laboratory features associated with SLE, and haemostatic profiles were all taken into account. The mean ages of patients with and without ANB at the time of diagnosis of SLE was 24.1 and 31.2 years respectively. The mean maximal daily dose of prednisolone in the group with ANB was 50.8 mg, which was significantly higher than the dose (41.8 mg) in the group without ANB. Disease features of SLE, such as Raynaud's phenomenon, hyperlipidaemia, nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, and disease activity, were not found to be related to ANB. The percentage of patients who had lupus anticoagulant as well as a shorter activated partial thromboplastin time was greater in those with ANB than in those without. Multiple factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of ANB in SLE, and it is suggested that haemostatic abnormalities, which could be influenced by corticosteroids and young ages, play some part in the development of ANB.
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PMID:Avascular necrosis of bone in systemic lupus erythematosus: possible role of haemostatic abnormalities. 250 41

The results are reported of a clinical and laboratory evaluation of the use of a random-access centrifugal analyzer linked to a personal computer in the management of the routine workload of a hemostasis laboratory. Over a three-month period, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin clotting time (TCT), and derived fibrinogen (Fib) were performed on a total of 929 samples. Included in the study were 448 samples from patients receiving anticoagulants (oral anticoagulants, 228; heparin, 166; heparin and warfarin, 130) and 351 samples from patients requiring coagulation screens (PT, APTT, TCT, Fib). Tests were done in parallel with tilt-tube manual techniques and the results correlated. The correlation coefficients were PT, 0.99; TCT, 0.72; APTT, 0.96; Fib, 0.97. Discrepancies were analyzed and were due to hypofibrinogenemia and hyperlipidemia. The poorer correlation coefficient of TCT was attributable both to lower reproducibility of the manual test and the effect of dysfibrinogenemia or FDPs in liver disease. In no case was an abnormality or diagnosis missed using the centrifugal analyzer. In several cases the increased sensitivity of the analyzer improved the detection of the lupus anticoagulant. The use of automation was accompanied by a major reduction in workload and reagent costs. The machine has been used to assay a wide range of coagulation tests by clot based and chromogenic substrate methods. In conclusion, a programmed centrifugal analyzer is a safe, efficient, and flexible way of automating routine coagulation tests. It widens the reportoire of tests performed in the Hemostasis laboratory by using a machine capable of being used in other areas of pathology.
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PMID:Automation of routine coagulation testing using a random access centrifugal analyzer. 334 69

Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in pregnancy with or without hyperlipidemia were studied. Blood samples were taken from 36 cases with early pregnancy, 59 cases with late pregnancy, and the relationship between the hemostatic changes and the concentrations of lipids was examined. The following results were obtained: 1. In early pregnancy, all cases were non-hyperlipidemic, but in 41% of late pregnancy cases, hyperlipidemia was found. 2. In late pregnancy without hyperlipidemia, shortening of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, increases in platelet epinephrine, collagen aggregation, fibrinogen, and plasminogen, and a decrease in alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor were marked compared with those in early pregnancy without hyperlipidemia. 3. In late pregnancy with hyperlipidemia, the platelet count and fibrinogen were increased, and prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time were shortened compared with late pregnancy without hyperlipidemia. The platelet epinephrine aggregation was slightly decreased. Antithrombin III was increased and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor was slightly decreased. 4. In the same subjects, the relationship between changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in early and late pregnancies and total cholesterol was studied by the independent matched pair test. There were significant correlations (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.05) between activated partial thromboplastin time (r = -0.5998) and fibrinogen (r = 0.6230). From these results the author concluded that late pregnancy was a hypercoagulable state and this tendency was more obvious in late pregnancy with hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:[Hemostatic changes during pregnancy in reference to hyperlipidemia]. 339 35

Pigs received for 24 weeks a high-lipid diet containing cholesterol and coconut oil. Blood lipid fractions were assayed, electrophoretic separation of lipoproteids was carried out, and tests for blood coagulation parameters (fibrinogen content, partial thromboplastin time, paracoagulation test, blood platelets aggregation) were carried out. In the blood serum of experimental animals the content of triglycerides, cholesterol, free fatty acids, lipid phosphorous and beta-lipoproteids gradually increased. A hyperlipidemia corresponding to type IV of Fredrickson was obtained. No parallel changes in the results of studies on blood coagulation parameters were observed.
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PMID:A model of experimental atherosclerosis in pigs. Part I. Study on blood lipids and coagulation. 731 19

Intact arterial vessel wall is not thrombogenic. Disorders of the endothelium in connection with pathological coditions such such as atherosclerosis, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and hyperuricemia induce interaction of surfaces of high thromboplastic activity with the blood stream. In such situations local formation of thrombin will take place immediately. Evidence is presented for the essential and unique activation of the extrinsic pathway of the plasmatic coagulation system. The local formation of thrombin at pathologically altered arterial wall seems to be an important trigger for arterial thrombosis and haemostasis. It could be that in vivo the initial step of thrombogenesis depends upon the formation of the activator complex between tissue-thromboplastin and factor VII.
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PMID:Thromboplastic activity of human arterial walls and its interaction with the plasmatic coagulation system. 744 Nov 81

The effect of hyperlipidaemia on endothelial cell haemostatic properties was examined using ex vivo studies on aortic segments obtained from fat-fed Chinchilla rabbits, mounted in a template device which exposed the luminal surface. Exposure of arterial endothelium to lipids resulted in marked enhancement of externally exposed anionic phospholipids, detected using either fluorescence microscopy with the probe merocyanine 540 or by binding of 125I-polymyxin B and 125I-Annexin V. Consistent with the known procoagulant properties of anionic phospholipid, following the lipid and cholesterol-rich diet intake, intact endothelial cells demonstrated enhanced binding of radioiodinated factors IX/IXa and Xa, and enhanced factor IXa/VIII-dependent factor X activation and factor Xa-factor Va-mediated prothrombin activation. Both factor Xa and thrombin formation were blocked, in large part, by polymyxin B, suggesting dependence of the reaction on anionic phospholipids. Consistent with these results, evidence of increased activation of the coagulation mechanism in vivo was observed in hyperlipidaemic animals, as assessed by a three-fold increase in levels of circulating antithrombin-protease complexes, compared with normolipidaemic controls.
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PMID:Intrinsic procoagulant surface induced by hypercholesterolaemia on rabbit aortic endothelium. 829 24

Dyslipidemia is a major factor associated with cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death in hemodialysis patients. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is superior to conventional unfractionated heparin in treating hyperlipidemia in nondiabetic long-term hemodialysis patients and has fewer side-effects. Only a few reports have addressed the influence of LMWH on serum lipids in diabetic patients, although dyslipidemia is common among this population. We investigated the effect of LMWH on serum lipids in 12 nondiabetic and eight diabetic hypercholesterolemic patients receiving long-term hemodialysis. Patients had been receiving hemodialysis with unfractionated heparin for a minimum of 6 months before beginning the study. Continuous LMWH infusion during hemodialysis was administered to all patients for 2 months, followed by unfractionated heparin administration for 2 months. During LMWH treatment, plasma anti-factor Xa activity increased from 0.06 +/- 0.04 IU/mL before dialysis to 0.49 +/- 0.25 IU/mL after 3 hours. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in both nondiabetic and diabetic patient groups and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) in patients with higher initial values (> or = 15 mg/mL) decreased significantly after LMWH treatment (TC from 6.38 +/- 1.14 to 5.07 +/- 1.09 mmol/L, LDL-C from 3.08 +/- 0.93 to 2.15 +/- 0.88 mmol/L, Apo B from 100 +/- 18 to 78 +/- 18 mg/dL, all p < 0.01; Lp(a) from 41.8 +/- 34.5 to 28.5 +/- 22.8, p < 0.05). They rebounded to pre-LMWH levels after the 2 months on unfractionated heparin (TC 5.72 +/- 1.11 mmol/L, LDL-C 2.97 +/- 1.01 mmol/L, Apo B 98 +/- 20 mg/dL, Lp(a) 38.1 +/- 29.0 mg/dL). We conclude that continuous infusion of LMWH during dialysis reduces serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B concentrations in both diabetic and nondiabetic hypercholesterolemic hemodialysis patients, and does not increase the risk of bleeding compared with unfractionated heparin.
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PMID:Low molecular weight heparin in diabetic and nondiabetic hypercholesterolemic patients receiving long-term hemodialysis. 948 Oct 65

We investigated the age-related changes in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregation in male WBN/Kob rats, animals that exhibit spontaneously diabetes mellitus at more than 6 months of age. The rats aged 6 months or more showed significant hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. As changes in coagulation parameters, the data indicated significant increases in factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XII activities; a significant decrease in antithrombin III activity in rats more than 6 months of age; significant increases in fibrinogen level and factor XI activity; and significant decreases in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in those more than 9 months of age. As changes in fibrinolytic parameters, the animals showed significant decreases in plasminogen and tissue-type plasminogen activator, and significant increases in alpha2-plasmin inhibitor and plasminogen activator inhibitor at more than 6 months of age. In addition, there were significant correlations between the plasma levels of coagulation/fibrinolytic markers and the 4-hour fasting glucose or lipids. Furthermore, they displayed significant increases in ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation and in cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio in platelets at more than 9 months of age. The increase in cholesterol/phospholipid ratio may be responsible for hyperaggregation of platelets in diabetic animals. These findings suggest that WBN/Kob rats are suitable for research on blood coagulation abnormalities in diabetes. However, further studies are needed to clarify the details of the mechanisms involved.
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PMID:Age-related changes in coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregation in male WBN/Kob rats. 1089 50


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