Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An increase in factor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc) was found in patients with high thrombotic risk and in hyperlipidemias, namely in Fredrickson's types IIb and IV. This elevation was correlated with the level of total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. It has been suggested that this increase is due to higher FVII coagulant activity related to the formation of a complex between factor VII (FVII) and phospholipids, since it was shown that FVIIc returns to normal levels after incubation of plasma with phospholipase C. In this respect we have studied the activity of FVII before and after phospholipase C plasma treatment and FVII related antigen (FVIIag) in patients with types IIa, IIb and IV hyperlipidemias. An elevation of FVIIc was found in hyperlipidemic patients compared to normal controls. FVIIag values were also higher in type IV patients, implicating an increase in FVII total concentration and not only an activation of FVII. Furthermore, Phospholipase C action on patients' plasma samples lowered FVIIc to levels very similar to those of FVIIag. In normal controls the same action was noted and it seems therefore likely that the proposed phospholipid contribution to FVIIc hyperactivity plays only a minor role in FVII changes in primary hyperlipidemia. Instead, FVIIag increase seems to be the major mechanism of FVII increase in primary hypertriglyceridemic patients.
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PMID:Phospholipase C sensitive FVII activity and FVII antigen in hypertriglyceridemia. 291 18

Individual and pooled samples of plasma from normolipemic and hyperlipemic subjects were separated into very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein fractions (HDL2 and HDL3) by conventional ultracentrifugation and total lipid extracts prepared by standard methods. The composition of the molecular species of the sphingomyelins in each lipoprotein class was determined by packed column and capillary gas-liquid chromatography of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) and t-butyldimethylsilyl (t-BDMS) ethers and by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry of t-BDMS ethers of ceramides derived by phospholipase C hydrolysis of the corresponding parent compounds. It was demonstrated that the molecular weight of the species of the sphingomyelins increases with the density of the lipoprotein fraction in normolipemic subjects, and that this increase is due to an increase in the chain length of the fatty acids in the ceramide molecules. In contrast, patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia possessed similar species in the LDL and HDL fractions, while maintaining normal differences between HDL and VLDL. Type III patients possessed normal HDL and VLDL differences, but had variable LDL. Type II patients had ceramide profiles for VLDL, LDL, and HDL fractions that were very similar to those of normals. The differential distribution of the molecular species of the sphingomyelins is rationalized on the basis of a lateral phase separation of the short and long chain sphingomyelins during the shedding of the excess VLDL or chylomicron surface material and a subsequent preferential transformation of the long chain species into HDL. The LDL sphingomyelins in type III hyperlipemia are variable and approximate either the VLDL or HDL composition.
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PMID:Differential distribution of sphingomyelins among plasma lipoprotein classes. 729 45

Plasma samples obtained during a prevalence study of hyperlipemia in a free-living urban population were analyzed for phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine content by automated high-temperature gas--liquid chromatographic (GLC) and manual colorimetric phosphorus (thin-layer chromatographic, TLC) methods. The GLC estimates were obtained from a quantitative analysis of the diacylglycerol, ceramide and monoacylglycerol moieties released from the parent phospholipids by digestion with phospholipase C, while the TLC estimates were derived by manual colorimetric phosphorus analyses of the individual phospholipid classes resolved by TLC. On samples analyzed over a two-year period the methods gave excellent correlation for the total phospholipids (r = 0.98), phosphatidylcholine (r = 0.98) and sphingomyelin (r = 0.90), but resulted in a poor agreement for lysophosphatidylcholine (r = 0.69). Comparable results were obtained for estimates of these phospholipids in plasma very low density, low density and high density lipoproteins. The between-method coefficient of variation ranged from 3 to 5% for phosphatidylcholine and from 5 to 10% for sphingomyelin. The relative error for the estimates of lysophosphatidylcholine ranged from 10 to 25%, and was due to the inclusion in the GLC estimates of a variable proportion of plasma free monoacylglycerols. Other differences between the two methods are due to various analytical errors and biases inherent in the two techniques. The within-day, within GLC, relative error averaged 1% for phosphatidylcholine, 3% for sphingomyelin and 5% for lysophosphatidylcholine. The apparent high precision and accuracy of the GLC method recommend it as an alternative to conventional direct methods of phospholipid analyses based on TLC isolation of lipid classes and colorimetric measurements of their phosphorus content. The GLC analyses of the plasma phospholipids are particularly convenient in conjunction with GLC measurements of plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerols, where a smaller throughput of samples is not a limitation and where both total amount and relative proportion of the lipids are of interest.
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PMID:Comparative determination of plasma phospholipids by automated gas--liquid chromatographic and manual colorimetric phosphorus methods. 738 Aug 92

This study is designed to determine whether patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage have mutations in the phospholipase C-delta 1 (PLC-delta 1) gene, which was identified as a gene responsible for hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Seventy-two cases (31 male and 41 female) with intracranial saccular aneurysms were analyzed. The mean age was 60.1 +/- 11.5 years (mean +/- SD) (range 24-85 years). There were 35 patients (48.6%) with hypertension, 5 (6.9%) with diabetes mellitus, 12 (16.7%) with hyperlipidemia, 8 (11.1%) with ischemic heart disease, and 25 (34.7%) who were active smokers. The location of aneurysm was distributed as follows: 33 (33%) were at anterior cerebral artery, 23 (23%) were at middle cerebral artery, 28 (28%) were at internal carotid artery, and 16 (16%) were at vertebro-basilar artery. Six patients (8.3%) had a family history of intracranial aneurysms. There were 20 patients (27.8%) with multiple aneurysms, and 8 patients (11.1%) with a large or giant aneurysm. The four regions of PLC-delta 1 gene (bases 1099-1271, 1254-1401, 1343-1481, and 1882-2023) where genetic mutations were found in spontaneously hypertensive rats, were screened by PCR-SSCP analysis and their nucleotide sequences of all patients were determined. However, no mutations were detected in all patients. These results suggest that mutations of PLC-delta 1 gene previously implicated in hypertensive factor in rats may not be the case with human patients and therefore may be poorly related with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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PMID:Analysis of phospholipase C gene in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured intracranial saccular aneurysm. 1040 8

ABSTRACT The protective effect of dendrodoine analog (DA) [4-amino-5-benzoyl-2-(4-methoxy phenylamino) thiazole] at three doses (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg body weight) was investigated on ethanol-induced hyperlipidemia. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering 7.9 g ethanol/kg body weight for 45 days by intragastric intubation. Our results showed increased activity of aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and increased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids in the plasma of alcohol-given group when compared with normal control group. The levels of tissue (liver and kidney) cholesterol and triglycerides were increased significantly in alcohol control rats when compared with normal control rats. The levels of phospholipids decreased significantly in the liver and kidney of alcohol control rats when compared with normal control rats. The activity of phospholipase A and phospholipase C increased significantly in the liver of alcohol control rats when compared with normal control rats. Intragastric administration of DA at 10 mg/kg body weight effectively lowered the activity of hepatic marker enzymes (GGT, AST, and ALP), phospholipase A, and phospholipase C, and decreased the levels of plasma and tissue lipids. The level of tissue phospholipids increased significantly when DA was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight along with alcohol when compared with alcohol control group. Thus, we propose that DA exerts a hepatoprotective effect by modulating liver marker enzymes and lipid levels at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight.
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PMID:Role of an aminothiazole derivative on ethanol-induced toxicity. 2002 Sep 85