Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study the influence of fasting on the structures in the human gastric mucosa was followed using selective histoenzymological and electronmicroscopic method. The gastrobioptical material of 7 healthy volunteers was examined after 24 to 240 hour fasting. During fasting an increased acid phosphatase activity in the chief cells of the human fundal mucosa was observed. The activity of the nonspecific esterase (naphtyl esterase) in the chief cells decreased mainly after 240 hour fasting. In the electronmicroscopic examination of the chief cells during fasting a multiplication of lysosomes and narrowing of the granular endoplasmic reticulum was observed. In some chief cells during fasting an agglomeration of zymogen granules was seen while in others only a few granules were observed. In the parietal and other cells of the human gastric glands a steatosis, which attained excessive values, was seen after 72 and 240 hours of fasting. We believe that this steatosis occurred mainly on the strength fasting lipemia with the possible participation of other factors. The changes in the mitochondrial structure of the parietal and other cells of the human gastric mucosa were only slightly pronounced. "The decreased" activity of dehydrogenase in the steatotic parietal cells under a histochemical examination may represent only findings caused by the agglomeration of a large amount of lipid drops in the steatotic cells. After 72 and 240 hours of fasting the parietal cells contained collapsed, underdeveloped intracellular canaliculi and narrowed tubulovesicular profiles probably related to the decreased HCl production. Generally it can be said that the observed morphological changes are the consequences of the decreased function of human gastric mucosa cells during fasting and that these regressive changes are reversible and they are caused by an insufficiency of nutrition.
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PMID:Histoenzymatic and ultrastructural findings in the human gastric mucosa during fasting. 123 3

The effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on serum lipid profile in hemodialysis remains controversial and its effect on bone metabolism has not been studied. A crossover study was conducted in 40 patients on stable hemodialysis using unfractionated heparin (UFH) for more than 24 months. These patients were then treated with a LMWH (nadroparin-Ca) for 8 months during hemodialysis and subsequently switched back to UFH for 12 months. Serum lipid profile, biochemical markers for bone metabolism, and bone densitometry (BMD) were monitored at four-month intervals while all medications remained unchanged. Cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), apolipoprotein B (Apo B) were raised in 35%, 29%, 12%, 24% and 24% of patients respectively. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A-1) were reduced in 47% and 9% of patients. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and intact osteocalcin (OSC), both reflecting osteoblastic activity, were raised in 65% and 94% of patients. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) reflecting osteoclastic activity and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were elevated in 35% and 88% of patients. Following LMWH treatment, TC, Tg, Lp(a) and Apo B were reduced by 7%, 30%, 21% and 10% respectively (p<0.05 or <0.01) while Apo A-1 were raised by 7% (p<0.01). Simultaneously, TRACP was reduced by 13% (p<0.05). These biochemical changes were detected soon after 4 months of LMWH administration. Although BMD values in our patients were lower than those of age-matched normal subjects, significant changes were not observed with LMWH treatment. After switching back to UFH for hemodialysis, these biochemical indices reverted to previous values during UFH treatment with a significant higher level in TC and Apo B while serum Apo A-1 remained elevated. Our study suggests LMWH may partially alleviate hyperlipidemia and, perhaps, osteoporosis associated with UFH administration in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
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PMID:Effect of low molecular weight heparin on bone metabolism and hyperlipidemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. 1151 Sep 16

The article explains the importance of standardization, the development and maintenance of rules and recommendations regulating the conditions and order of implementation of particular parts of preanalytical stage. The order of these conditions is noted including the rules stated and published in such normative documents as national standards GOST R 15 189-2009, GOST R 53079.4-2008, GOST R ISO 6710-209 and in the recommendations of foreign National societies ofclini-cal chemistry and laboratory medicine. These requirements concern all the analytes, enzymes included. The cited data have a practical significance for acquisition of reliable results in everyday functioning of laboratories. Enough to mention data concerning the anticoagulants influence on catalytic concentration of enzymes, the most often measured concentrations of alpha-amylase, lipase, amynotransferase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, choline esterase, hemolysis impact, the increased concentration of bilirubin and hyperlipemia in samples and significance of measurement of indices of serum and plasma as well. The possible mechanisms of impact of these interferents on the results of measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes are discussed.
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PMID:[The preanalytical stage of under measuring of concentration of catalytic activity of enzymes: the characteristics and tasks of standardization]. 2294 17