Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Out of a total of 170 patients with a first myocardial infarction, aged below 65 years, consecutively admitted to the Coronary Care Unit of a large urban hospital, only 14 did not present with any risk factor(s) for atherosclerosis (smoking, hypertension, diabetes and obesity). None of these 14 patients showed significant hyperlipidemia. Compared to a control series of normal individuals of the same age (50.0 +/- 5.8 years for males and 61.6 +/- 3.0 years for females), they showed a significant reduction of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and of apolipoprotein A-I (respectively -18.2 and -9.5%). However, the most striking abnormality was a 30% decrease of the HDL2 mass and of HDL2 cholesterol; both HDL2 and HDL3 had a reduced cholesteryl ester content in the patients. Reduced HDL2 mass and cholesterol levels in plasma, accompanied by significant alterations in HDL subfraction composition, are consistent with a defective cholesterol esterification in HDL. HDL2 deficiency may be a primary alteration in myocardial infarction patients without other significant risk factors.
 ...
PMID:Reduced HDL2 levels in myocardial infarction patients without risk factors for atherosclerosis. 342 54

Several parameters of lipoprotein metabolism were examined in 38 men with primary hypertriglyceridemia (phenotype IV). Family investigation showed that 17 men had familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH), seven had familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHT), and 14 had unclassified hypertriglyceridemia (UNC). In all three groups, plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the concentrations of apolipoprotein A-I and A-II were decreased, and apolipoprotein B was increased, each to the same extent. These results are compatible with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in both FCH and FHT patients. The mean concentration of LDL cholesterol and the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol were significantly higher in FCH subjects, which could explain their increased risk. Postheparin lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase were the same in both groups. Determination of apolipoprotein C composition, which may modulate lipoprotein lipase activity, did not reveal any abnormalities in the different groups. In both FCH and FHT, the mean turnover rate of plasma triglycerides was almost twice normal, indicating that overproduction of plasma triglyceride plays an important role in both disorders. However, there was an overlap with normal controls, indicating impaired triglyceride removal in some subjects. The underlying mechanism of hypertriglyceridemia in FCH and FHT therefore seems to be heterogeneous.
 ...
PMID:Plasma lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and triglyceride metabolism in familial hypertriglyceridemia. 372 96

Dietary and insulin-deficiency types of hyperlipidemia were compared in adult normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic male breeder rats. High beef tallow, high corn oil or low fat diets (BT, CO and LF, respectively) were fed ad libitum for 2 months. Glucose and insulin were measured in plasma and total cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglycerides and apoproteins in very low density, low density and high density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL, respectively). Diet did not affect plasma glucose or insulin levels. LDL-triglycerides were higher in BT and diabetic than in CO and LF rats. HDL-free cholesterol levels were higher in CO- and LF-than in BT-fed rats. Diabetes resulted in a decrease in HDL-cholesterol. Diabetic animals had higher HDL-apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) levels than did CO- and LF- but not BT-fed rats. VLDL-triglycerides were higher in diabetic than in normal rats, with no dietary differences in normal rats. In LDL, apoB levels were lower and apoE levels were higher in LF-fed rats than in animals fed high fat diets. Diabetes resulted in an increase in LDL-apoB but a decrease in LDL-apoE. HDL-apoE levels were higher, although HDL-apoA-I levels were lower in LF than in high fat-fed rats. The results related to lipoprotein composition supported the hypothesis that excess intake of a diet high in saturated fat may contribute to a metabolic pattern that resembles that of a diabetic state.
 ...
PMID:Lipoprotein lipid and protein responses to dietary fat and diabetes in rats. 622 45

The effects on serum lipoproteins were studied in 8 patients with familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia and 9 patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia during an 8-week treatment with fenofibrate. VLDL, IDL, LDL and HDL were isolated by ultracentrifugation and precipitation. Lipids and apolipoproteins A-I and B were determined by enzymatic and immunonephelometric techniques, respectively. In hypercholesterolemia, administration of fenofibrate resulted in decreases of VLDL, IDL, and LDL (cholesterol -58.3%, -28.6%, and -24.4%), while, in combined hyperlipidemia, treatment with the drug lowered VLDL and IDL (-33.3% and -42.9%). HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I increased only in hypercholesterolemia (+22.9% and +6.9%).
 ...
PMID:Effect of fenofibrate on serum lipoproteins in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia. 652 48

A large segment of the population gradually develops insulin resistance, and the related metabolic syndrome is one of the most frequent causes of atherosclerosis. Searching for a practical indicator of insulin resistance, we studied the correlations between fasting serum insulin level, the general manifestations of insulin resistance syndrome, and various aspects of coronary artery disease in 797 men and 322 women. After we classified patients according to the quartiles of serum insulin level, we noted in the top quartile the presence of practically all manifestations of insulin resistance syndrome in persons of both sexes (e.g., increased waist/hip ratio, body mass index, glucose, uric acid, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as well as apolipoprotein A-I/B ratios, and so forth). We also noted a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and type IV hyperlipidemia. Significantly more women in the fourth than in the first quartile had angiographically documented significant stenosis of the coronary arteries (p = 0.0016, odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 5.6) and previous myocardial infarction (p = 0.0297, odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 4.1). Men in both the first and the fourth quartile had a more disturbed lipid profile and a higher prevalence of significant stenoses of coronary arteries and/or previous myocardial infarction than women; there was a tendency toward a lower prevalence of alcohol consumption (p = 0.0503), a higher prevalence of gout (p = 0.0634), and previous myocardial infarction (p = 0.0791) in men in the fourth than in the first quartile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Fasting hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance syndrome, and coronary artery disease in men and women. 748 1

The efficacy of pravastatin (CAS 81131-70-6) on serum lipid levels in 91 type 2 diabetic patients with mean glycosylated hemoglobin of 8.5% was investigated up to 12 weeks. Oral administration of 10 to 20 mg/d of pravastatin significantly decreased total cholesterol by 18.4 +/- 1.5% after 4 weeks. When analyzed separately in type IIa and IIb hyperlipidemia, the reduction of total cholesterol by pravastatin was more prominent in the former. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also significantly decreased 22.2 +/- 2.7% after 4 weeks. The effect of pravastatin in reducing triglyceride was more prominent in patients with higher triglyceride compared to those with lower triglyceride before the administration of the drug. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a slight but significant increase by 4.2 +/- 1.9% after 4 weeks. Among the apolipoproteins examined, apolipoprotein B was significantly decreased after 4 weeks. Atherogenic index and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio were also significantly decreased after 4 weeks. The efficacy of pravastatin was also observed after 12 weeks to the same extent as after 4 weeks. No major side effects or abnormalities of laboratory parameters have been observed. These data lead to the conclusion that pravastatin is useful for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients with poor glycemic control without major adverse effects.
 ...
PMID:Clinical efficacy of pravastatin for hyperlipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 764 75

This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of 3 different pharmacologic lipid-lowering regimens in the treatment of patients with clustered lipid risk factors. Sixty-five patients with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment arms: pravastatin/niacin, pravastatin/magnesium, or pravastatin/placebo. After 18 weeks, patients in the pravastatin/niacin group had a -41% change in the total cholesterol/HDL ratio compared with -13% in the pravastatin/magnesium arm and -16% in the pravastatin/placebo group. The HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions, as well as the apolipoprotein A-I levels, were increased significantly only in the pravastatin/niacin arm. The levels of small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL3) were decreased to a greater extent in the pravastatin/niacin arm (-43%) than in either the pravastatin/magnesium (-13%) or the pravastatin/placebo (-20%) arm. Only the pravastatin/niacin regimen significantly diminished postprandial lipemia (-32% change in the remnant particle triglyceride concentration and decreased very-low-density lipoprotein remnant levels). Thus, in this group of patients with clustered risk factors, the combination of pravastatin and niacin resulted in significant improvements in HDL and triglyceride levels, total cholesterol to HDL ratio, small dense LDL levels, and postprandial lipemia. Pravastatin alone or in combination with magnesium resulted in less significant changes that were largely limited to LDL cholesterol reduction.
 ...
PMID:Effects of pravastatin with niacin or magnesium on lipid levels and postprandial lipemia. 765 48

In normal pregnancy, all women displayed a significant elevation of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density cholesterol (HDL-C) during parturition. To study the quantitative changes in serum levels of lipids and their biological relevances during and after pregnancy, blood samples were collected from 62 normally pregnant women throughout gestation and 6 to 12 weeks postpartum. Compared with 184 nonpregnant control subjects, TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were significantly elevated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy but dropped sharply after pregnancy. To further understand the effect of pregnancy on other metabolic parameters, we compared the relative levels of apolipoproteins such as apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein B (apoB), lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and blood sugar during and after pregnancy. We found that apoB concentration progressively increased with advancing gestation, while the levels of apoA-I, Lp(a) and blood sugar were independent of gestation process. The physiological significance of hyperlipidemia during pregnancy is also discussed in this study.
 ...
PMID:Alterations of serum lipid levels and their biological relevances during and after pregnancy. 779 23

Two subpopulations of apolipoprotein A-I-containing lipoproteins, those containing only apoA-I (LpA-I) and those containing both apoA-I and apoA-II (LpA-I/A-II), were isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography of plasma from 44 subjects, comprising four groups (male or female, with or without hyperlipidemia). ApoA-I-defined particles (LpAs) were assessed for their content of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and for their ability to act as substrates for CETP. Although plasma CETP concentration was similar in all groups, the plasma concentration of LpA-I-associated CETP was significantly higher in females than in males (1.56 +/- 0.11 versus 0.93 +/- 0.13 mg/l, P < 0.05). In females, the major fraction of CETP was found in LpA-I, whereas in normolipidemic males CETP was evenly distributed between LpA-I and LpA-I/A-II, and in hyperlipidemic males the majority of CETP was found in LpA-I/A-II. In all groups, the percentage of CETP in LpA-I was correlated with the concentration of apoA-I in LpA-I (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). Native gradient gel electrophoresis of isolated LpAs showed that CETP was broadly distributed within different sized particles. LpA-I and LpA-I/A-II showed similar efficiency of CETP-mediated cholesteryl ester exchange with LDL. In conclusion, even though LpA-I has a much higher apparent affinity for CETP than LpA-I/A-II, both LpAs can bind CETP and act as equivalent CETP substrates in vitro. Thus, in subjects with low levels of LpA-I (notably hyperlipidemic males), most of the plasma neutral lipid exchange will involve LpA-I/A-II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Gender effects on the distribution of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein in apolipoprotein A-I-defined lipoprotein subpopulations. 807 2

Fifty nine cases with hyperlipidemia were divided randomly into two groups. In group I, each patient took simvastatin 10-40mg/day (mean 17.9mg/day). In group 2, each patient took gemfibrozil 1200mg/day. After treatment with simvastatin, in comparing with baseline values, serum level of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and TC/HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) reduced by 34.6% (P < 0.001), 45.4% (P < 0.001), 22.1% (P < 0.01), 21.1% (P < 0.001), and 39.4% (P < 0.001) respectively, and HDL-C, apolipoprotein A-I(Apo A-I) and Apo A-I/Apo B elevated by 14.2%, 21.9% and 64.5% respectively. For lowering TC, LDL-C, Apo B and elevating Apo A-I/Apo B, Simvastatin was better than gemfibrozil (P < 0.01-0.001). However, for lowering TG, gemfibrozil was better than simvastatin (P < 0.001). As for increasing HDL-C and Apo A-I, no significant differences were found between the two groups. No significant side effects were found in all patients but one who developed hypersensitive eruption after gemfibrozil taken, and he was excluded from the trial.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of simvastatin in the treatment of hyperlipidemia]. 819 33


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>