Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The major component, called curcumin, of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) (Family Zingiberaceae) powder is responsible for its biological actions. The present study aimed to prove the protective effect of turmeric extract against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiac, hepatic, and renal toxicity as evaluated in rats. Body weight and urine volume of the animal groups under investigation were recorded daily throughout the experimental period. Also, the cardiac, hepatic, and renal toxicities were determined by estimating the changes in serum activities of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, nitric oxide, albumin, and calcium, and kidney and liver tissue activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the contents of glutathione and malondialdehyde. Hyperlipidemia was also determined, and protein and albumin changes in urine were estimated. Biochemical and histopathological findings demonstrate that turmeric extract has multiple therapeutic activities that are beneficially protective, and it has an ameliorative effect against DOX-induced cardiac toxicity and hepatotoxicity and blocks DOX-induced nephrosis. Similarly, turmeric extract inhibited the DOX-induced increase in plasma cholesterol, LDH, and CK. The present findings conclude that the turmeric extract has multiple therapeutic activities that block the cardiac, hepatic, and renal toxicities induced by DOX, and it also possibly acts as a free radical scavenger.
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PMID:The role of Curcuma longa against doxorubicin (adriamycin)-induced toxicity in rats. 1945 43

An extract of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed residues has been shown to possess hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties in normal mice. The present study investigated the effects of an aqueous extract of seabuckthorn seed residues (ASSR) on serum glucose, lipid profiles and antioxidant parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: a normal control group; diabetic control group; diabetic groups supplemented with 5 mg/kg body weight glibenclamide (reference drug) and 400 mg/kg body weight ASSR. Diabetes in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight). Vehicle (distilled water), glibenclamide and ASSR were administered orally to normal and diabetic rats once a day lasting for 4 weeks. The data showed that administration of ASSR significantly lowered the serum glucose, triglyceride and nitric oxide levels in diabetic rats. Moreover, ASSR treatment also increased serum superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione level markedly. These results show that ASSR has hypoglycemic, hypotriglyceridemic and antioxidant effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, suggesting that ASSR supplementation can be useful in preventing diabetic complications associated with hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress.
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PMID:Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed residues in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 1958 73

The diet consumed by urban residents in modern China has become rich in saturated fats and cholesterol. In addition, the diet is high in carbohydrates from white rice and processed wheat starch. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of replacing white rice and processed wheat starch with wild rice (WR) as the chief source of dietary carbohydrates. Rats fed with the diet patterned after the diet consumed by city residents of modern China showed elevated serum lipid levels comparable with rats consuming a high fat/cholesterol diet known to induce hyperlipidaemia in this species. Meanwhile, rats consuming the city diet with WR as the carbohydrate source suppressed the increase in serum TAG and total cholesterol, and the decrease in HDL cholesterol level. In addition, the rats fed the WR diet suppressed the build-up of oxidative stress by improving antioxidant capacity, increasing superoxide dismutase activity and reducing malondialdehyde concentration, both in the serum and liver. These findings illustrate that WR is effective in suppressing hyperlipidaemia and oxidative stress in rats even when the diet consumed is high in fat and cholesterol.
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PMID:Wild rice ( Zizania latifolia (Griseb) Turcz) improves the serum lipid profile and antioxidant status of rats fed with a high fat/cholesterol diet. 1963 Oct 21

We investigated the influence of the flavonoid-rich fraction from Spermacoce hispida seed (S-Frf) on PPAR-alpha gene expression, plasma and erythrocyte antioxidants status, protein metabolism, and marker enzymes in diabetic hyperlipidemic rats. Hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding a 20% high fat diet (HFD) to male albino Wistar rats for 66 days. Diabetes was induced on the 17th day by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). When compared with diabetic hyperlipid-emic rats, plasma TBARS and LOOH levels decreased, the activities of enzymic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx) and plasma GSH levels increased in the S-Frf fed group. The activities of plasma hepatic markers serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, and levels of plasma urea, uric acid, creatinine, globulin, A/G ratio significantly decreased, whereas liver weight, total protein, and albumin increased. Oral administration of S-Frf up-regulates PPAR-alpha (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha) gene expression, activates fatty acid catabolism, and is involved in the control of lipoprotein assembly in liver. The results show that S-Frf has an antihyperlipidemic effect, improves antioxidant status, and alleviates liver and kidney damage associated with HFD-fed-STZ rats by up-regulating PPAR-alpha mRNA.
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PMID:Influence of flavonoid-rich fraction from Spermacoce hispida seed on PPAR-alpha gene expression, antioxidant redox status, protein metabolism and marker enzymes in high-fat-diet fed STZ diabetic rats. 1966 17

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant potential of saffron and its active constituent, crocin, in hyperlipidemic rats. The animals fed either with normal fat diet or high fat diet were administered orally saffron (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or crocin (4.84, 9.69, and 19.38 mg/kg) in their respective groups for five consecutive days. Biochemical estimations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity (GSHPx), total glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in serum and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), and total sulfhydryl (SH) groups in liver tissue homogenate were carried out. Both saffron and crocin were effective in decreasing the elevated levels of TG, TC, ALP, AST, ALT, MDA, GSHPx, GSH, and GSSG in serum and increasing SOD, CAT, FRAP, and SH values in liver tissue with reduction in TBARS. The saffron was found to be superior to crocin indicating the involvement of other potential constituents of saffron apart from crocin for its synergistic behavior of quenching the free radicals and ameliorating the damages of hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Potential of Crocus sativus (saffron) and its constituent, crocin, as hypolipidemic and antioxidant in rats. 1967 21

Although nuts are typically high in dietary fat, novel studies have shown that regular consumption of these heart-healthy foods might confer a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease risk. In the present study, we aimed to analyse the effects of pistachio consumption on blood lipids, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress and sialic acid levels in high-fat-fed rats for 8 weeks. The oxidant-antioxidant status was evaluated by the determination of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances), total antioxidant activity, reduced glutathione content, activity of superoxide dismutase and total thiol levels. Furthermore, tissue damage was evaluated by total sialic acid levels in serum. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, sialic acid and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances significantly increased whereas total antioxidant activity, reduced glutathione, total thiol levels significantly decreased in the hyperlipidaemic group compared to the control group. Pistachio consumption significantly decreased triglycerides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels and significantly increased total antioxidant activity in the hyperlipidaemic group. In conclusion, pistachio supplementation may improve blood lipids and ameliorate oxidative stress in experimental hyperlipidaemia, which may have beneficial applications in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, its antioxidant mechanisms remain to be investigated.
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PMID:Consumption of pistachio nuts beneficially affected blood lipids and total antioxidant activity in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. 1969 20

Nicotine, an active ingredient of tobacco smoke, is known to induce hyperlipidemia and disturb the prooxidant-antioxidant status. In our study, ferulic acid, a naturally occurring nutritional compound, was tested for its antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic property in a dose-dependent manner against nicotine-induced toxicity in female Wistar rats. We tested three different doses of ferulic acid-10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg/kg body weight-for their protective effects. The activities of biochemical marker enzymes lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, levels of peroxidative indices (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides), nitric oxide, and circulatory lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids) were increased significantly in the nicotine-treated group when compared to normal, which were brought down in ferulic acid-treated groups. The antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione) was found to be decreased in the nicotine-treated group, and was significantly increased in ferulic acid-administered groups. Further, ferulic acid also positively modulated the nicotine-induced changes in the micronutrients (zinc and copper) level. The dose 20 mg/kg body weight was found to be more effective than the other two doses. Our data suggest that FA exerts its preventive effects by modulating the degree of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status, lipid profiles, and trace element levels during nicotine-induced toxicity.
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PMID:Ferulic Acid modulates altered lipid profiles and prooxidant/antioxidant status in circulation during nicotine-induced toxicity: a dose-dependent study. 2002 Oct 59

Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide (HPS) is the principal active fraction responsible for the antidiabetic properties of this species. The aim of this study was to determine the antidiabetic properties of 4 purified fractions of different molecular weight range HPSs (HPS1, HPS2, HPS3, HPS4). HPS3 was selected for examination of its hypoglycemic mechanism because of its significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The changes in blood glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) showed that hypoglycemia was more pronounced in HPS3-treated groups than in the diabetes mellitus model (DM) control group. The interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, and free fatty acid levels were significantly lower in the HPS3-treated groups and HPS3 + metformin (HPS3+MET) group than in the DM control group, while plasma insulin, hepatic glycogen, superoxide dismutase, and nitric oxide synthetase activity were significantly higher. Treatment with HPS3 or HPS3+MET also significantly lowered malonaldehyde levels compared with the DM control group, while it elevated the nitric oxide and total antioxidant capacity. HPS3 altered the plasma lipid levels by lowering cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, while elevating the plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Therefore, these results suggest that HPS3 may partly ameliorate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia associated with type 2 diabetes through increased insulin secretion, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, promotion of sensitivity to insulin, suppression of gluconeogenesis and reduction in the biosynthesis fatty acid, cholesterol and cell cytokines related to insulin resistance, and it could be a useful adjunct therapy to a proven first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes using metformin.
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PMID:Antidiabetic properties of purified polysaccharide from Hedysarum polybotrys. 2013 Jul 40

Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-associated conditions in cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress, as a main risk factor causes vascular endothelial cell apoptosis, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. Diosgenin, an aglycone of steroidal saponins, has been reported to exert anti-proliferative and proapoptotic actions on cancer cells widely. In this study, we propose that diosgenin can protect the hyperlipidemic rats and prevent endothelial apoptosis under oxidative stress. We investigated the hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of diosgenin on rats fed with high cholesterol and high fat diet for 6 weeks. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepaticlipase (HL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were evaluated. Then we explored the effects and mechanism of diosgenin against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis of human vein endothelium cells (HUVECs). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), DNA fragment formation and mitochondrial membrane potentials (DeltaPsim) were determined. Diosgenin treatment increased LPL, HL, SOD, GSH-PX and NOS activities, thus attenuated oxygen free radicals, decreased MDA, TC, TG and LDL-C levels in hyperlipidemic rats. Diosgenin pretreatment significantly attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis in HUVECs, intracellular ROS, GSH depletion, DNA fragment formation, and restored NO, DeltaPsim. These results suggested that diosgenin is a very useful compound to control hyperlipidemia by both improving the lipid profile and modulating oxidative stress and prevent H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis of HUVECs, in partly through regulating mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
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PMID:Protective effects of diosgenin in the hyperlipidemic rat model and in human vascular endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. 2014 87

Groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh and its adjoining part of West Bengal (India) is reported to be the biggest arsenic calamity in the world in terms of the affected population. Tossa jute, Corchorus olitorius is a popular crop of this arsenic prone population. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of C. olitorius leaves (AECO) against sodium arsenite (NaAsO(2)) induced cardiotoxicity in experimental rats. The animals exposed to NaAsO(2) (10mg/kg, p.o.) for 10days exhibited a significant inhibition (p<0.01) of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione level in myocardial tissues of rats. In addition, it significantly increased (p<0.01) oxidized glutathione, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content in myocardial tissue. Treatment with AECO (50 and 100mg/kg, p.o.) for 15days prior to NaAsO(2)-intoxication significantly protected cardiac tissue against arsenic-induced oxidative impairment. In addition, AECO pretreatment significantly prevented NaAsO(2) induced hyperlipidemia, cardiac arsenic content and DNA fragmentation in experimental rats. Histological studies of myocardial tissue supported the protective activity of the AECO. The results concluded that the treatment with AECO prior to arsenic intoxication has significant protecting effect against arsenic-induced myocardial injury.
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PMID:Arsenic-induced myocardial injury: protective role of Corchorus olitorius leaves. 2015 18


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