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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oligo-elements such as zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and copper (Cu) have a significant influence on the function of the immune system. Various immunological and inflammatory changes are known to occur in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in serum oligo-elements levels during and following cardiopulmonary bypass. The serum levels of Zn, Se and Cu were determined in 67 consecutive patients, with coronary artery disease admitted for coronary artery bypass grafting. Blood samples for oligo-elements, analysis were withdrawn into metal-free tubes just prior to the start of cardiopulmonary bypass; at 30, 60 and 90 min into cardiopulmonary bypass; following weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass; 30 min after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass; at 24 h; and on the 5th postoperative day. Trace elements analyses were performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Interleukin 6 and 8, as well as serum albumin, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase-MB fractions were also analyzed. The mean age was 63 +/- 9 years and 91% (61) were men. The mean preoperative left ventricular function was 52 +/- 12%, Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina class was 3.7 +/- 0.5 and 30% (20) of the operations were re-do's. All patients had normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass-time was 85 +/- 31 min. One patient was lost for the recovery sampling (hospital mortality, 1.5%). Nine patients had a postoperative cardiac index < 2.0 liter/min per m2, which required pharmacological support and additional intra-aortic balloon pump in two of them. Other postoperative complications were few. There was a rapid depletion of S-selenium and S-Zn levels, which were halved at 30 min after cardiopulmonary bypass and remained low throughout the study period. The Cu/Zn ratio increased significantly at the start of cardiopulmonary bypass, which indicated an inflammatory reaction and was not normalized until the 5th postoperative day. Length of ischemia time, presence of diabetes. hypertension and hyperlipidemia did not influence the results, while a prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass-time > 120 min resulted in a higher Cu/Zn ratio than observed for shorter cardiopulmonary bypass-times. This indicates a more profound inflammatory response. Inflammatory parameters responded in the same manner as described earlier by others. These data indicate that severe loss of various oligo elements occur in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and suggests that a supplementary administration of zinc and perhaps also selenium could be appropriate during cardiopulmonary bypass.
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PMID:Inflammatory response and oligo-element alterations following cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. 972 21

It was reported that free fatty acids degraded from triglycerides by lipase may play a major role in acute necrotizing or hyperlipidemia-induced pancreatitis. We hypothesized that this injury may be related to the peroxidation of cell membrane phospholipids and tested this hypothesis using isolated pancreatic acini. Pancreatic acini were prepared from male Sprague-Dawley rats by collagenase digestion. Linoleic acid was added (0.1-1.0 mM) to the acinar cell suspension to induce cell injury. Acinar cell damage was measured by lactate dehydrogenase release and by trypan blue exclusion. Phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide and alpha-tocopherol in the acinar cells were measured. Protective effects of alpha-tocopherol (0.5, 5.0 mM) against this type of cell injury were also evaluated. When isolated acinar cells were treated with linoleic acid, a significant decrease in viability was observed in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, the levels of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide after treatment of 0.5 mM of linoleic acid were increased and levels of alpha-tocopherol were decreased significantly. alpha-Tocopherol significantly ameliorated both cellular injury (p < 0.01) and increases in phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (p < 0.01). These data suggest that lipid peroxidation of the cellular membrane is an important component of the pancreatic cell injury mediated by free fatty acids.
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PMID:Involvement of lipid peroxidation in free fatty acid-induced isolated rat pancreatic acinar cell injury. 982 Nov 80

Increases in plasma lipids occur during hypoxia in suckling but not in weaned rats and may result from altered hepatic enzyme activity. We exposed rats to 7 days of hypoxia from birth to 7 days of age (suckling) or from 28 to 35 days of age (weaned at day 21). Hypoxia led to an increase in hepatic lipid content in the suckling rat only. Hepatic lipase was decreased to approximately 45% of control in 7-day-old rats exposed to hypoxia but not in hypoxic 35-day-old rats. Hypoxic suckling rats also had a 50% reduction in lactate dehydrogenase activity, whereas transaminase activity and CYP1A and CYP3A protein content were not different between hypoxic and normoxic groups. Additional rats were studied 7 and 14 days after recovery from hypoxic exposure from birth to 7 days of age; hepatic lipase activity had recovered to 85% by 7 days and to 100% by 14 days in the rats previously exposed to hypoxia. Administration of dexamethasone to neonatal rats to simulate the hyperglucocorticoid state found in hypoxic 7-day-old rats led to a moderate decrease ( approximately 75% of control) in hepatic lipases. Developmentally, in the normoxic state, hepatic lipases increased rapidly after birth and reached levels more than twofold that of the newborn by 7 days of age. Hypoxia delays the maturation of hepatic lipases. We suggest that the decrease in hepatic lipase activity contributes to hyperlipemia in the hypoxic newborn rats.
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PMID:Effect of neonatal hypoxia on the development of hepatic lipase in the rat. 1100 3

A high odds ratio has been reported for hyperlipidemia and periodontal diseases in humans, and the severity of periodontitis seems to correlate with the hyperlipidemic status of the patients. Early studies indicated that the lipoprotein-containing fraction of the serum enhances the leukotoxic activity of the periodontopathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans against human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). The protease inhibitors of normal serum account for this enhancement, while delipidated serum has no effect on the leukotoxin-dependent PMNL cytolysis. No information exists for the effect of serum lipoproteins or hyperlipidemic serum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of serum lipoproteins in the interaction of the leukotoxin of A. actinomycetemcomitans with human PMNL. Purified leukotoxin was mixed with human PMNL prepared from venous blood of healthy subjects and various varying amounts of hyperlipidemic or delipidated serum, or purified serum lipoproteins. The cytolytic activity of leukotoxin was determined by activity of the cytosol enzyme lactate dehydrogenase released from injured PMNL. The degranulating activity of the toxin was measured through the release of the granule components elastase and lactoferrin. Normal human serum without leukotoxin-neutralizing antibodies caused a 4-fold enhancement of the leukotoxic activity when present at concentrations of 5-10% in the reaction mixture. Serum lipoproteins had no effect when added at concentrations that occur normally in serum. At high concentrations, purified low density and very low-density lipoproteins increased the leukotoxicity of the mixture. Nevertheless, hyperlipidemic serum prepared from a normal serum by the addition of autologous lipoproteins had no influence on the leukotoxin-caused cytolysis compared to the normal serum. Pre-incubation of PMNL for 1 h in hyperlipidemic or delipidated serum had no effect on the leukotoxin-induced degranulation of PMNL. The results indicate that the cytotoxic interactions of A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin against human PMNL are not influenced by the presence of serum lipoproteins.
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PMID:Lack of lipoprotein-dependent effects on the cytotoxic interactions of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin with human neutrophils. 1264 63

A 33-year-old secundipara with a history of gestational diabetes and familial hypertriglyceridemia exacerbated during her previous pregnancy was admitted in the 36th week of gestation with diffuse abdominal pain, vomiting, low-grade fever, and general malaise. A blood sample had a lipemic, milky-pink appearance and plasma concentrations were as follows: triglycerides 2173 mg/dL, cholesterol 320 mg/dL, amylase 801 U/L, lactate dehydrogenase 650 U/L, creatinine 1.5 mg/dL, glucose 380 mg/dL, and left-shifted white cells. Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed and owing to signs of fetal distress, a cesarean was performed under light general anesthesia with propofol, succinylcholine, and sevoflurane. After the umbilical cord was cut, rocoronium and fentanyl were administered. The neonate was healthy and the patient's condition evolved favorably with conservative treatment. The incidence of pancreatitis during pregnancy is low but related morbidity and mortality are high. The usual cause is biliary tract disease, although rare metabolic alterations such as hyperlipidemia may occasionally act as the trigger. Early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to successful surgery and postoperative recovery.
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PMID:[Hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis and pregnancy]. 1475 42

Nicotine, a major toxic component of cigarette smoke, plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular disease and lung cancer. In the present study, we have synthesized an analog of curcumin and biomonitored its influence over biochemical marker enzymes and lipid profiles on nicotine-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. The effects were compared with that of curcumin, a well-known antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic agent. Toxicity was induced by subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg of body weight (5 days a week, for 22 weeks), and curcumin (80 mg/kg) was given simultaneously along with nicotine by intragastric intubation for 22 weeks. Measurements of activities of the biochemical marker enzymes aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase and of plasma lipid profiles were used to monitor the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of curcuminoids. In nicotine-treated rats, enhanced plasma marker enzymes and lipid profiles were observed. Administration of curcumin or curcumin analog to nicotine-treated rats significantly reduced the activity of marker enzymes and plasma lipid levels. Thus, our findings suggest that curcumin and its analog exert an anti-hyperlipidemic effect against nicotine-induced lung toxicity and may be a promising agent for treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Modulatory effects of curcumin and curcumin analog on circulatory lipid profiles during nicotine-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. 1611 19

We investigated the effects of a combined treatment with chromium (Cr) and niacin on the spleen, tongue, and lens tissues in terms of lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), serum catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum cholesterol, and total lipid levels in normal and hyperlipemic rats. In this study, female 1-year-old Swiss albino rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I rats (control) were fed with standard pellet chow. Group II rats were fed a lipogenic diet in which 2% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid, and 20% sunflower oil were added and were given 3% alcoholic water for 60 days. Group III rats were fed with the same lipogenic diet and were treated with a dose of 250 microg/kg body weight CrCI3 x 6H2O and 100 mg/kg body weight niacin, for 45 days, by gavage. The rats in group IV were fed with pellet chow and treated with 250 microg/kg body weight CrCI3 x 6H2O and 100 mg/kg body weight niacin, by gavage, for 45 days. After 2 weeks, the animals showed symptoms of hyperlipemia. On the 60th day, tissue and blood samples were taken. We have observed decreased CAT activity and GSH levels, increased LDH activity, cholesterol, total lipid, and LPO levels in hyperlipemic rats. Niacin and Cr administration to hyperlipemic rats increased tissue GSH levels and CAT activity and decreased tissue LPO levels and LDH activity, cholesterol, and total lipid levels compared with hyperlipemic rats. We conclude that the administration of a combination of niacin and chromium has a protective effect against oxidative damage to tongue, lens, and spleen tissues as a result of hyperlipemia.
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PMID:The effect of combined treatment with niacin and chromium (III) chloride on the different tissues of hyperlipemic rats. 1693 39

Chinese herbal medicines, Inchinko-to, Bofu-tsusho-san and Dai-saiko-to, containing 3, 18 and 8 components, respectively, have since long been used as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, choleretic and diuretic agent for liver disorders and jaundice, as an anti-obesity agent, a hypocholesterolemic agent for liver disorders and a therapeutic and/or preventive agent for cholesterol gallstone disease with hypertriglycerid-emia in China and Japan, respectively. In the present study, we investigated the effects of these three herbal medicines in young male mice fed a high-fat diet. Plasma levels of lipids and the numbers of the fatty droplets in the liver cytoplasm were markedly lowered by the diets supplemented with three herbal medicines. The liver weights and the body growth were reduced by the diet supplemented with Dai-saiko-to, which slightly affected the concentrations of total protein, albumin, creatinine or calcium, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase. Thus, Dai-saiko-to, besides Bofu-tsusho-san, seems effective in the activities of anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemia and anti-hyperlipids in liver cytoplasm, when used carefully.
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PMID:Effects of three Chinese herbal medicines on plasma and liver lipids in mice fed a high-fat diet. 1696 71

The influence of interference by hemolysis, icterus and lipemia on the results of routine chemistries may lead to wrong interpretations. On Synchron LX-20 instruments (Beckman Coulter) serum or plasma indices can be used as reliable semi-quantitative measures of the magnitude of such interference. In an article recently published in this journal, we presented the results of a multicenter study carried out in Dutch hospitals in which we determined cutoff indices for analytes above which analytically significant interference exists. Clinically significant interference cutoff indices were also derived for these analytes. In this article, we describe the handling of patient samples with clinically significant interference by hemolysis, icterus or lipemia. We investigated several possible approaches for correction of the result: dilution of the interference; mathematical correction in the case of hemolysis; treatment with ferrocyanide to destroy bilirubin; and removal of lipids in lipemic patient samples. We concluded, that mathematical correction of potassium or lactate dehydrogenase results in hemolytic samples can only be carried out if intravascular hemolysis is ruled out. Hemoglobin quantification in serial patient samples, combined with measurement of haptoglobin, represents a useful tool to rule out in vivo hemolysis. We derived an algorithm for this situation. We do not simply recommend mathematical correction, unless it is clinically acceptable. We present formulas for potassium and lactate dehydrogenase: corrected potassium=measured potassium-(hemolytic index increment x 0.14); corrected lactate dehydrogenase=measured lactate dehydrogenase-(hemolytic index increment x 75). The dilution studies indicated that dilution is only applicable for bilirubin, C-reactive protein and iron. The results of treatment with ferrocyanide were poor, and we do not recommend this method. Removal of lipids using high-speed centrifugation or LipoClear (StatSpin Inc.), a non-toxic and non-ionic polymer, is a very effective approach, although C-reactive protein, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cholesterol cannot be removed using LipoClear. For all interferants (hemoglobin, bilirubin, lipids), relatively simple algorithms are derived that can easily be implemented in the clinical laboratory.
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PMID:Correction of patient results for Beckman Coulter LX-20 assays affected by interference due to hemoglobin, bilirubin or lipids: a practical approach. 1724 28

Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for the premature development of coronary heart disease and it has been shown to increase the incidence of myocardial ischemia and cardiac events. Pentacyclic triterpenes possess antiatherosclerotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. To study the effect of plant derived triterpene, lupeol and its ester lupeol linoleate, on lipid status and biochemical changes on heart tissue, male albino Wistar rats were fed high-cholesterol diet (normal rat chow supplemented with 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid; HCD) for 30 days. There was a significant (p<0.001) increase in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids along with augmented activities of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the heart tissue. Triterpenes treatment reduced the above alterations produced in hypercholesterolemic rats. The transmembrane enzymes, namely Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase showed a decrease in their activities. Triterpenes treatment reversed these levels, prevented the hypertrophic cardiac histology and restored the normal ultrastructural architecture. In conclusion, lupeol and lupeol linoleate intervention minimized the lipid abnormalities and abnormal biochemical changes induced by HCD fed rats. This shows that triterpenes possess cardioprotective effects which will be beneficial in hypercholesterolemic condition. Out of these two triterpenes tested, lupeol linoleate appeared to be even more effective than lupeol.
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PMID:Protective effect of lupeol and its ester on cardiac abnormalities in experimental hypercholesterolemia. 1733 64


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