Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Colestipol hydrochloride is an insoluble, nonabsorbable copolymer with bile-acid-binding capacity. It prevents reabsorption of cholates from the intestinal tract into the enterohepatic circulation causing a net loss of bile acids, and therefore of cholesterol. Sixty subjects with cholesterol levels over 250 mg/100 ml were studied for 104 weeks. Patients with normal phenotypes, types 2,3, and 4, were given 5 gm three times daily and experienced an average drop of 40 mg/100 ml (14%). While patients with types 2,3, and 4 hyperlipidemia responded effectively, cholesterol levels in type 2 patients dropped earliest and most consistently with an average decrease of 58 mg/100 ml (19%). A comparable group of patients with hyperlipidemia taking placebo showed on average no change in serum cholesterol. Serum triglyceride values were not altered significantly. The resin is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and produces a slight increase in fecal volume. Results of chemistries, enzyme assays, prothrombin times, hematology, and urinalysis and body weights wer unaltered. There was no evidence of lithogenic bile production. Colestipol is a tasteless and ordorless copolymer with high acceptability. Side effects were limited to occasional bloating, gas, and constipation. The drug is a safe, effective, palatable hypolipedmic agent.
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PMID:Colestipol hydrochloride, a new hypolipidemic drug: a two-year study. 109 Oct 1

A dose-response study was performed with three doses of colestipol, using postprandial serum bile acid levels to assess bile acid sequestering activity in 40 volunteers with asymptomatic hyperlipidaemia. Subjects who entered the study had total serum cholesterol concentrations greater than 220 mg/dl and triglyceride concentrations less than 200 mg/dl. They were randomly assigned to one of four parallel treatment groups: (a) placebo b.d., (b) colestipol (as Colestid hydrochloride granules) 2.5 g b.d., (c) colestipol 5 g b.d., and (d) colestipol 7.5 g b.d. Subjects were maintained on a constant repeating solid diet throughout the 6-day study period, and colestipol was ingested 30 min before breakfast and dinner. No drug was administered on Days 1-3; baseline (pre-treatment) serum bile acid concentration profiles were determined on Day 3. The above treatments were given on Days 4-6, and total serum bile acid concentrations were determined at 30- or 60-min intervals for 10 h on Days 4 and 6. Serum bile acids were measured using a bioluminescence procedure which enzymically measures total 3 alpha hydroxy bile acids. Serum bile acid concentrations were significantly decreased from the pretreatment period by 5.0 and 7.5 g/day as compared to 2.5 g/day or placebo. Differences from the pre-treatment period in the area under the serum bile acid time curve revealed the same trends in the data as analysis of percentage difference (Day 6 vs pre-treatment period) in serum bile acid concentrations. These results indicate that postprandial serum bile acid concentrations are influenced by colestipol in a dose-related manner, with doses of 5 and 7.5 g b.d. having a significantly greater effect than 2.5 g b.d. The dose of 7.5 g b.d. had an identical effect on serum bile acid patterns as a dose of 5.0 g t.d.s., which was previously reported. Our findings also show that changes in serum bile acid concentrations may be used to follow the immediate effects of bile acid sequestration in hypercholes terolaemic subjects, and that the bioluminescence enzyme technique is sufficiently sensitive to detect such changes.
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PMID:The effect of colestipol dose on postprandial serum bile acid concentration: assessment by an enzymic bioluminescence procedure. 212 49

The hyperlipidemia of the nephrotic syndrome is often associated with elevated total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and low or normal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. This pattern of hyperlipidemia has been associated with an increased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis in other populations. Despite extensive studies of diet and drug therapy in other populations, few such therapeutic studies exist in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. To investigate the effect of diet and lipid-lowering drugs on the lipoprotein-lipid profile of patients with unremitting nephrotic syndrome and marked hyperlipidemia, we conducted a controlled trial using two such drugs: colestipol and probucol. Colestipol lowered the mean total fasting plasma cholesterol of seven patients from 397 +/- 27 to 317 +/- 37 mg/dL, a 20.2% decrease, and lowered the LDL cholesterol from 398 +/- 28 to 203 +/- 18 mg/dL, a 31.9% decrease. It did not affect the HDL cholesterol level, and thus lowered the LDL-to-HDL cholesterol ratio. Probucol lowered the mean total cholesterol from 439 +/- 72 to 339 +/- 60 mg/dL, a 22.6% decrease, and the LDL cholesterol from 282 +/- 43 to 215 +/- 26 mg/dL, a 23.8% decrease. Although the HDL cholesterol was lowered from 49 +/- 9 to 43 +/- 7 mg/dL by probucol, a 12.2% decrease, the LDL-to-HDL cholesterol ratio still declined. Both drugs were well tolerated and proved safe in this short-term trial. Antihyperlipidemic therapy may well be indicated in certain patients with unremitting nephrotic syndrome.
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PMID:Treatment of the hyperlipidemia of the nephrotic syndrome: a controlled trial. 354 20

Twenty-two patients suffering from hyperlipidemia and receiving therapy consisting of a lipid-lowering diet and clofibrate (1 g X 2) were in addition given colestipol hydrochloride (5 g X 3) (Colestid, Upjohn) in a randomized, cross-over study for 2 periods of 6 weeks. Both the cholesterol and the triglyceride concentrations in very low density lipoproteins remained unchanged during the colestipol treatment. The cholesterol concentration in low density lipoproteins decreased by 23% (P < 0.001) and increased in high density lipoproteins by 4% (P < 0.01). In a second part of the project, the effects on the lipoprotein lipids of 15 g of colestipol divided into 1, 2 or 3 daily doses were studied when added to ongoing therapy with clofibrate (1 g X 2) and lipid-lowering diet. When the colespitol was divided into 2 or 3 daily doses, the effects were manifested equally but were less pronounced when 1 dose per day was given. In a third study, 14 patients who were treated with a combination of lipid-lowering diet, clofibrate (1 g X 2) and colestipol hydrochloride (15 g daily) were followed over a 2-year period, during which time the serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were maintained at a reduced level. The fasting blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were increased during colestipol treatment. Such treatment should therefore not be given to patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
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PMID:The effects of colestipol when combined with clofibrate in the treatment of severe hyperlipidemia. Short-term and long-term studies. 700 89