Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) method for determination of cyclosporin in plasma was evaluated and compared with the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods. The coefficients of variation for the within-run and between-run precision were less than 5 and less than 8%, respectively, for samples ranging in concentration from 50 to 600 ng/ml. Recoveries were determined by adding cyclosporin at concentrations from 25 to 1,000 ng/ml to patient plasma; they were, on average, 98.5%. The calibration curve was stable throughout a 10-week study period. There was no clinically significant interference due to hemolysis, icterus, lipemia, or other commonly used drugs. There was considerable variation of the ratio of the FPIA result to the HPLC result, whereas there was a good correlation between the FPIA and the RIA results (r = 0.975, n = 25, y = 1.2x - 36.4), when evaluated using specimens from renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporin orally. It was concluded that the FPIA is an appropriate, rapid method for patient cyclosporin analysis in plasma and serves as a practical alternative to the RIA.
Ther Drug Monit 1989
PMID:Evaluation of fluorescence polarization immunoassay for determination of cyclosporin in plasma. 265 4

Consecutive survivors of a myocardial infarction from the Southern Hospital, below 70 years of age, were randomized into a Control group (n = 276) and a Treatment group (n = 279). The latter was openly prescribed the combination of clofibrate and nicotinic acid for serum lipid lowering. Each patient should remain in the study for 5 years and be seen regularly every 4 months at a special IHD outpatient clinic within the hospital. The concentration of serum cholesterol and triglyceride was lowered by 13% and 19%, respectively, in the Treatment group compared to the Control group. Total mortality was 82 cases in the Control group and 61 in the Treatment group, a 26% reduction (p less than 0.05). For patients above 60 years of age in the Treatment group the reduction in mortality was 28% (p less than 0.05). IHD mortality was reduced by 36% (p less than 0.01) in the Treatment group compared to the Control group. The beneficial effect of the serum lipid lowering treatment was related to the serum triglyceride concentration in two ways. First, it only occurred in patients with a triglyceride level greater than 1.5 mmol/l (n = 216). Secondly, it was most pronounced in the 44% of the treated patients who had a lowering of the serum triglyceride by 30% or more, and in this subgroup the reduction of IHD mortality was 60% (p less than 0.01). For serum cholesterol there were no such relations. The difference between serum triglycerides and cholesterol concerning these relations to the treatment outcome may be due to the fact that hypertriglyceridaemia was the most common hyperlipidaemia among our patients, occurring in 50%, while hypercholesterolaemia only occurred in 13%. Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of the results as the trial was not blind. However, the fact that the decrease in IHD deaths was directly related to the degree of serum triglyceride lowering indicates that it was the drug effect on serum lipids that was responsible for the beneficial effect of the treatment.
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PMID:Reduction of mortality in the Stockholm Ischaemic Heart Disease Secondary Prevention Study by combined treatment with clofibrate and nicotinic acid. 328 37

Hyperlipidemia interferes with spectrophotometric assays of a number of analytes. No interference was found in the assay of gentamicin, phenytoin, or phenobarbital due to turbidity in levels of triglyceride less than or equal to 2,000 mg/dl with the Abbott TDx or Syva enzyme multiplied immunoassay (EMIT) methods. There is no evidence that lipophilic drugs partition into the lipid phase in severely hyperlipidemic serum. No assay errors due to turbidity or partitioning of phenobarbital in the lipid of serum with a triglyceride concentration of 10,000 mg/dl were found, nor were changes seen in free phenytoin distribution due to hyperlipidemia.
Ther Drug Monit 1987
PMID:The effect of hyperlipidemia on therapeutic drug assays. 355 30

An enzyme immunoassay technique (EMIT) for microdeterminations of caffeine was compared with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and evaluated in 113 neonates and young infants, and in 18 asthmatic and 15 epileptic children. The EMIT assay was found reliable in therapeutic drug monitoring. It offers advantages over HPLC in its rapidity and simplicity. It is not affected by hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, or lipemia. In the neonate, greater accuracy is obtained with blood samples containing no heparin.
Ther Drug Monit 1987
PMID:Caffeine enzyme immunoassay in neonatal and pediatric drug monitoring. 355 32

Hyperlipidaemia and platelet hyperfunction have been considered as high-risk factors for atherogenesis. Simultaneous study of these two parameters was undertaken in 43 patients with atherosclerosis (as evidenced by frank myocardial infarction, MI, in 23 patients and ischemic heart disease, IHD, in 20 patients); and in 36 normal subjects who were matched for age (45 to 60 years). Incidence of either of these parameters being high was 36% in normals, 85% in atherosclerosis. Four subjects with circulating platelet aggregates and hyperlipidaemia showed progression of the lesion by crossing over the category of normal to IHD (two) and from IHD to MI (two). These two risk factors, together or independently, appear to cause and control the progress of atherosclerosis and their simultaneous study can be used for its diagnosis. A concept of subintimal hyperlipidosis is presented since none of the existing theories can explain the existence of atherosclerotic lesions exclusively on the developed vascular musculature.
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PMID:Clinical laboratory assessment of atherosclerosis--role of hyperlipidaemia and hyperactive platelets. 371 96

We evaluated the Du Pont Theophylline Assay, a particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (PETINIA) for the measurement of theophylline in human serum. The procedure was applied to the Cobas-Bio centrifugal analyzer, and was compared to an enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) method and a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure. Day-to-day precision was 3.7% (1 SD coefficient of variation) at 7.1 mg/L, 3.3% at 17.7 mg/L, and 3.9% at 27.8 mg/L. The assay was linear up to 40 mg/L, and the correlation between the PETINIA, EMIT, and HPLC methods was good [PETINIA/EMIT: y = 0.94x + 0.63, r = 0.98, Syx = 1.13; PETINIA/HPLC: y = 1.00x - 0.89, r = 0.99, Syx = 0.66, where Syx is the standard deviation of the residual error of regression], when evaluated using specimens from 135 patients receiving theophylline. No interference from hemolysis, lipemia, icterus, or other methylxanthines was observed. Of the major metabolites of theophylline, only 1,3-dimethyluric acid showed any significant cross-reactivity (2.1 mg/L apparent theophylline at 20 mg/L 1,3-dimethyluric acid). The method is reliable and cost-effective for the measurement of theophylline in serum.
Ther Drug Monit 1985
PMID:Evaluation of the Du Pont Theophylline Assay adapted to a centrifugal analyzer. 388 72

The Abbott TDx fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) system was evaluated and compared with well-established enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods utilizing five high-volume drug assays including theophylline, gentamicin, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and digoxin. These drug assays were evaluated for precision, calibration stability, specificity, and accuracy. Within-run precision studies utilizing control samples (n = 20) in the subtherapeutic, therapeutic, and toxic ranges resulted in coefficients of variation (CV) of less than 4.0% for the theophylline, gentamicin, phenytoin, and phenobarbital assays and of less than 9.5% for the digoxin assay. Between-run precision studies based on an initial TDx calibration curve over a 2-3 week period yielded CVs of less than 8% for all five drug assays. Cross-reactivity of the FPIA gentamicin assay with concurrently used aminoglycosides such as tobramycin and amikacin was less than 0.1%, and interference due to hemolysis and lipemia was negligible. Highly icteric specimens resulted in clinically significant decreases in theophylline and phenytoin concentrations, but this problem can be corrected by subtraction of blank intensity values. Comparison of the FPIA method with the EMIT and RIA methods indicated an extremely good analytical correlation (r greater than 0.97) for all five comparisons. The Abbott TDx FPIA system offers significant advantages in calibration and reagent stability, and greater sensitivity in the low drug concentration ranges while maintaining accuracy and precision comparable with those of established EMIT and RIA procedures.
Ther Drug Monit 1984
PMID:Clinical evaluation of the Abbott TDx fluorescence polarization immunoassay analyzer. 639 Jul 99

We have extended fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) technology for the measurement of drugs to include the complex amphoteric glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin (molecular weight, 1,449). Fluorescein-labeled vancomycin was employed as a tracer, and antisera specific for vancomycin were raised in rabbits by conventional procedures. Tracer, sample, and diluted antiserum were combined, and the polarization of tracer fluorescence is determined in a specially designed fluorometer (Abbott TDx). Because of instrument design, the possibility of fluorescent interferences is minimized. The assay can measure as little as 0.6 mg/L of vancomycin and is free of interferences from hemolysis, lipemia, bilirubin, and changes in protein concentration. The coefficient of variation within assay was 3% (n = 5) and between assays was 5% (n = 5). The FPIA assay (TDx Vancomycin) was compared to a liquid chromatographic (LC) assay for vancomycin and to a commercially available radioimmunoassay (RIA) for 98 clinical specimens. A linear least-squares regression analysis gave a correlation coefficient for LC of 0.980 from the equation FPIA = 1.09 LC + 3.04, and a correlation coefficient for RIA of 0.957 from the equation FPIA = 1.036 RIA + 1.66.
Ther Drug Monit 1983
PMID:Automated fluorescence polarization immunoassay for monitoring vancomycin. 663 61

A polarization fluoroimmunoassay for the direct determination of phenobarbital in serum or plasma was developed, optimized, and validated. The drug was derivatized by the introduction of a p-amino function in the phenyl group to enable coupling to carrier protein (used to raise antiserum in sheep) and to fluorescein label. The assay required simply the mixing of prediluted sample, labeled drug, and antiserum, followed by a short incubation and measurement of fluorescence polarization. Normal reliability criteria were satisfied and there was good correlation with established chromatographic and radioimmunoassay methods. Nonseparation, nonisotopic immunoassays are inherently susceptible to sample interferences, but it was shown that the polarization fluoroimmunoassay was subject to inaccuracy only in the presence of markedly elevated levels of bilirubin (above 500 mumol/L), or with gross hemolysis or lipemia.
Ther Drug Monit 1982
PMID:Direct determination of phenobarbital in serum or plasma by polarization fluoroimmunoassay. 676 Apr 72

TGRLP interactions with the endothelium may increase the likelihood that a suppressed fibrinolytic capacity and/or an increased procoagulant activity enhances the risk for an ischemic event, that is, for the production of a focal thrombus. The cellular mechanisms and characteristics of TGRLP in hyperlipemia and in the postprandial state that contribute to their potential pathology in IHD are considered.
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PMID:Fibrinolytic and thrombotic factors in atherosclerosis and IHD: the influence of triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TGRLP). 780 27


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