Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1) Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome may be associated with unusual sites of thrombosis. 2) Laboratory evaluation involves testing for antiphospholipid antibodies: lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies. 3) Acute management of thrombosis involves immediate anticoagulation. Low-molecular-weight heparins are as safe and effective as unfractionated heparin in this setting. Arterial events may require emergent thrombolytic therapy. Monitoring of the APTT with unfractionated heparin in the presence of a lupus anticoagulant is ineffective; these patients require monitoring of antifactor Xa levels or the use of LMWH, which does not require monitoring. 4) The pharmacokinetics of LMWH change in pregnancy, resulting in a shorter plasma half-life and larger volume of distribution. Monitoring of antifactor Xa levels is necessary. 5) Chronic anticoagulation is best achieved with warfarin, with significantly decreased rates of recurrent events when the INR is > or = 3.0. Long-term, if not life-long, anticoagulation is often necessary. Warfarin is teratogenic, and individuals desiring pregnancy will need to convert to therapeutic, not prophylactic, doses of either unfractionated heparin or LMWH. 6) As part of optimal management of thrombosis in APS, additional risk factors for thrombosis should be eliminated or reduced. These include comorbid illnesses such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, as well as smoking. 7) Tamoxifen, raloxifene, oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy are all associated with an increased risk of DVT in the general population. In APS patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation, the addition of these drugs should not increase thrombosis risk. In APS patients not receiving anticoagulant therapy, these hormonal therapies may increase the thrombosis risk.
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PMID:Management of thrombosis in women with antiphospholipid syndrome. 1121 45

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vein disease and an important cause of blindness and visual morbidity. Systemic risk factors are commonly associated with RVO, while unclear it is the role of the thrombophilic and coagulation disorders. To evaluate "classic" and "emerging" risk factors, and to establish a good treatment for RVO. Fifty patients, 31 males and 19 females, with RVO were selected for our study. RVO patients were divided into two groups: those with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and those with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). All patients were subjected to an anamnestic investigation and were tested for thrombophilia, coagulation disorders and hyperlipidemia. Treatment and prophylaxis were evaluated. We have named "classic" the systemic risk factors associated with RVO and "emerging" those risk factors, haemostasis related, not clearly associated with RVO. RVO occurs more commonly in patients aged over 50. "Emerging" risk factors were more frequent in CRVO, "classic" in BRVO. Hyperhomocysteinemia is the most common "emerging" risk factor related to RVO. 71.4% of tested patients had hypercholesterolemia. Treatment with LMWH would appear to be safe and effective, but the small number of patients considered not allow us a definitive evaluation of its efficacy. Although our study has shown the correlation between RVO and the "emerging" risk factors, more studies are necessary to better know the real role of thrombophilic and coagulation disorders in this disease and to determine a specific protocol for the treatment and prophylaxis of RVO.
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PMID:Retinal vein occlusion: evaluation of "classic" and "emerging" risk factors and treatment. 1966 64