Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of orlistat, a nonabsorbed inhibitor of gastric and pancreatic lipases, was examined in patients with primary hyperlipidaemia (serum cholesterol > or = 6.2 mmol.l-1 and triglycerides < or = 5.0 mmol.l-1) not responsive to dietary change alone. In a multicentre, randomised, double-blind study, 103 men and 70 women received 30, 90, 180, or 360 mg or orlistat or placebo for 8 weeks. Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were reduced by 4% and 5% with 30 mg orlistat, by 7% and 8% with 90 mg orlistat, by 7% and 7% with 180 mg orlistat and by 11% and 10% with 360 mg orlistat compared to placebo. High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly decreased in the 360 mg orlistat group. Triglyceride levels significantly increased in the placebo group but not in the drug groups. Body weight decreased by 1.2 kg with 360 mg orlistat, despite a weight maintenance diet. Decreases in vitamin E and D levels occurred, although both vitamins remained within the normal range. Adverse effects from the gastrointestinal tract were frequent, but led to discontinuation of therapy in only seven patients. Orlistat is a new therapeutic drug for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia that may be particularly useful among overweight patients. Its potential place in therapy will await long-term studies. Vitamin supplementation should be considered during treatment.
 ...
PMID:The effect of the gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor, orlistat, on serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with primary hyperlipidaemia. 795 33

Uric acid is formed by catabolism of purine nucleotides. Approximately 25% is excreted through the intestines and the rest through the kidneys. A little less than 5% of the population in western industrialised countries have hyperuricaemia, primarily men and postmenopausal women. Hyperuricaemia is in most cases caused by reduced renal excretion, which may be idiopathic with otherwise normal renal function. But the condition is often associated with hypertension, nephropathy and treatment with diuretics and certain other drugs. Hyperuricaemia due to increased purine metabolism is seen in malignant haematological diseases, other conditions with increased cellular turnover and during initiation of chemotherapy in malignant diseases. Moreover hyperuricaemia is associated with some metabolic disturbances and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease including hypertension, overweight, insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia. Hyperuricaemia is rarely caused by constitutional enzymatic abnormalities influencing purine metabolism. In most cases hyperuricaemia is asymptomatic. It may though be complicated by gout, urolithiasis and possibly gouty nephropathy. The risk of complications is correlated to the degree and duration of hyperuricemia. Consequently, measures to affect predisposing and associated conditions should be taken including weight reduction, physical exercise and diet guidance, treatment of hypertension and possibly changes in medication. Urate lowering drug treatment is normally not indicated in asymptomatic hyperuricaemic individuals.
 ...
PMID:[Hyperuricemia]. 800 1

In order to identify previously undiagnosed cases of non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) in general practice, we measured non-fasting blood-glucose in all risk patients (n = 1,790) between 35-69 years old belonging to 29 general practices in Kolding. Patients at risk for NIDDM were defined as those suffering from one or more of the following: overweight, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidaemia, stroke, gout, cataract, Dupuytren's contracture, peripheral atherosclerosis or recurrent urinary- or skin-infections. A positive result, defined as a non-fasting blood-glucose of > or = 8.0 mmol/l using the same stix-lot-nr. on Refloflux S machines, was found in 86 individuals. These were then followed up with two fasting blood-glucose measurements carried out in a central laboratory, whereby 34 patients with NIDDM were identified. The newly-diagnosed NIDDM patients mostly suffered from diseases related to the insulin resistance syndrome, and we thus recommend measurement of non-fasting blood-glucose as a screening procedure in such patients. When carrying out measurements in general practice, it is important to know the precision and accuracy of the apparatus used.
 ...
PMID:[Selective screening for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A study among 35-69 year-old patients at risk in general practice in Kolding]. 801 51

Hyperinsulinaemia is a commonly-observed characteristic of insulin resistance, and a reduction in insulin sensitivity is thought to be either a causative and/or symptomatic feature of equine hyperlipaemia. A positive correlation (r = 0.545, P = 0.0015) existed between plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations determined in 31 donkeys with naturally occurring hyperlipidaemia/hyperlipaemia. Greater insulin values tended to occur in the animals with an overweight body score. Inter-animal variation in insulin concentrations, however, prevented the identification of any differences either within hypertriglyceridaemic donkeys (when classified by clinical condition, date of arrival to a sanctuary and eventual outcome after treatment) or between groups of normotriglyceridaemic (n = 6) and experimentally fasted hypertriglyceridaemic (n = 5) donkeys. Determination of basal plasma insulin concentrations may not provide an accurate assessment of underlying insulin sensitivity. Alternatively, hyperinsulinaemia may be evident only in animals with established insulin resistance.
 ...
PMID:Relationship between plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations in hypertriglyceridaemic donkeys. 807 93

The reduction of modifiable risk factors in hyperlipidemic patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) receiving standard medical care in Germany has not been evaluated before. We identified all patients < 65 yrs of age with marked hyperlipidemia (Cholesterol (Chol) > 250 mg/dl, HDL < 20% Chol) among all patients who underwent PTCA during defined periods 1991/92 in the Cardiology department of the Heinrich-Heine-University. The study patients (n = 93, age 54 +/- 8 yrs, 75 men, 18 women) were evaluated 13 +/- 2 months after PTCA for modification of their risk factors, treatments, knowledge, medications and dietary habits with a structured questionnaire and a 5-day dietary protocol. At follow-up Chol and LDL were significantly reduced from 299 +/- 47 to 253 +/- 43, and from 228 +/- 47 to 189 +/- 42 mg/dl, respectively (p < 0.001). 10% of patients had an LDL < 135 mg/dl. In contrast, HDL (43 +/- 9 mg/dl) and triglycerides (242 +/- 138 mg/dl), the percentage of smokers (40%), of overweight patients (38%) and of patients with elevated blood pressure (43%) remained unchanged. During the observation period the number of contacts with physicians was high (12 (1-40)). 32% of patients participated in dietary counselling by a dietician and 42% in an in-patient rehabilitation programme. In 2/3 of patients the knowledge related to hyperlipidemia and a lipid-lowering diet was good. However, according to the dietary protocols the fat intake was high (37 +/- 7% of total calories). Lipid lowering drugs had been prescribed in 68% of patients, predominantly as monotherapy and in low dosage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Risk factors in hyperlipidemic patients with coronary heart disease one year after PTCA]. 814 73

Chinese migrants have low cardiovascular mortality, particularly in their first 10 years of residence in Australia. The apparent increase in cardiovascular deaths among Asian migrants who have lived in Australia for more than 10 years suggests that cardiovascular risk transition may occur soon after migration. In this descriptive study, we found that Melbourne Chinese were not low in cardiovascular risk factors as usually defined. The prevalence of hyperlipidaemia (7.7 per cent for men and 5.2 per cent for women) was similar to the prevalence for other Australians (6.8 per cent for men and 4.4 per cent for women). In spite of low mean blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 114 +/- 23 mmHg (mean +/- standard deviation) and diastolic blood pressure 67.3 +/- 10.6 mmHg), Melbourne Chinese women were hypertensive as often as their Australian counterparts. The prevalence of cigarette smoking in men (26.9 per cent) was also comparable to prevalence for Australian males (24.1 per cent). Being slim is the only recognised cardiovascular protection that Melbourne Chinese may have. A high waist-to-hip ratio (0.91 +/- 0.054 for men and 0.88 +/- 0.077 for women), however, may outweigh the potential benefit of lower prevalence of overweight (17.7 per cent for men and 14.1 per cent for women). Melbourne Chinese men had a multiple risk-factor profile similar to their Australian counterparts. Differences in multiple risk factors in women were attributable to fewer Chinese women having a single risk factor (15.4 per cent versus 30.1 per cent).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular risk in adult Melbourne Chinese. 820 10

Dietary treatments for hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity are essential for the prevention or management of atherosclerosis. To correct overweight or obesity, restriction of energy intake should be considered. The consumption of fat should be decreased less than 25 percent of total energy. The ratio of saturated fatty acid, monounsaturaled fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid is recommended as 1:1:1. Intake of oily fish should be included in daily meal. The ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is considered to be beneficial around three or four. Excess intake of simple sugars must be avoided and increase the intake of complex carbohydrate and dietary fibre are recommended.
 ...
PMID:[Dietary treatment of atherosclerosis]. 841 76

The cardiovascular risk factors blood pressure, overweight, hyperlipidaemia and several coagulation parameters were studied in a group of 54 otherwise healthy patients with essential hypertension of moderate severity. Of the 54 hypertensive patients, 43 were treated with anti-hypertensive drugs and 11 were not. The patients included in this study who were treated with anti-hypertensive drugs were still hypertensive in spite of their treatment. Lipoprotein levels and coagulation parameters did not differ between the untreated and treated hypertensive patients. Substantial percentages of patients were found to have hypertriglyceridaemia (46%), elevated LDL-cholesterol (28%) and elevated lipoprotein(a) concentrations (43%). Coagulation factors F VIIIc, fibrin monomer and factor VII in males were significantly elevated in comparison with a healthy reference group. These data are compatible with a moderate activation of the coagulation system. Correlations were established between systolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol (r = 0.43, p = 0.003), LDL-cholesterol (r = 0.34, p = 0.02) and triglycerides (r = 0.35, p = 0.01); Quetelet-index with fibrinogen (r = 0.37, p = 0.02) and thrombin-antithrombin III (r = 0.30, p = 0.04); and triglycerides with F VIIc (r = 0.34, p = 0.03) and fibrin monomer (r = 0.29, p = 0.04) respectively. These data link hypertension and hyperlipidaemia with increased coagulation activity and may contribute to our understanding of why these two cardiovascular risk factors accelerate atherogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Coagulation factors and lipid composition of the blood in treated and untreated hypertensive patients. 846 17

The impact of pretransplant overweight/obesity was analyzed in a group of 268 consecutive primary pancreas renal transplant recipients. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) greater than 27 kg/m2. BMI was available for 240 of the 268 patients. A total of 88% (212/240) of the patients had a BMI < or = 27 and 28/240 (12%) had BMI > 27. There were no significant differences in age, sex, or race between obese and nonobese patients. The incidence and degree of posttransplant hypertension, weight gain, increase in BMI, and hyperlipidemia did not differ on the basis of pretransplant BMI. Serum creatinine at one year posttransplant was slightly increased in obese patients, but the increase was not statistically significant. Cumulative prednisone dose (mg/kg) as well as cyclosporine (CsA) dose (mg/kg) at one year was not significantly different between obese and nonobese patients. However, there was a marginally significant negative correlation between BMI and one-year cumulative (mg/kg) prednisone dose (P = .06). Types and frequency of posttransplant complications were similar between obese and nonobese patients, although there was a slightly higher incidence of wound related complications in obese patients (11% vs. 6.8%) (P = NS). There was no difference in the frequency of acute rejection episodes in obese and nonobese patients. Actuarial patient survival was comparable between patients with BMI < or = 27 versus those with BMI > 27 (P = .10). However, actuarial graft survival, both pancreas and renal, were significantly decreased in patients with BMI > 27 (P = .029). The decrease in pancreas and kidney graft survival in obese patients could not be attributed to decreased "early" patient survival, increased incidence of perioperative or postoperative complications, differences in hypertension, acute rejection episodes, serum lipids, or immunosuppression dosage. The most common causes of graft loss were rejection and patient death in both obese and nonobese patients. After three years posttransplant, the decreased pancreas and renal graft survival in obese patients corresponded to decreased patient survival. The most common cause of patient death was cardiovascular complications in both obese and nonobese PKT recipients.
 ...
PMID:Obesity as a risk factor after combined pancreas/kidney transplantation. 854 69

In summary, coronary heart disease is an equal opportunity killer for women and thus requires the equal application of preventive interventions. Areas to be highlighted include intensive coronary risk reduction for diabetic women of all ages, because these are women at high risk. Smoking cessation has high priority both for healthy women and for women with defined coronary disease. Emphasis should also be placed on weight reduction in overweight women as a means of lessening hypertension, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, and the like. Hypertension control likely imparts greater stroke than coronary benefit for women, based on available data. There is substantial evidence that moderate-intensity leisure exercise, as a means of imparting physical fitness, has widespread and powerful survival benefits. The efficacy of lipid-lowering interventions has been less extensively documented in the literature, although the extent of cholesterol lowering and resultant decline in rates of coronary heart disease were often comparable for women and men. Finally, postmenopausal hormone therapy appears a promising approach to addressing a risk attribute unique to women; however, definitive recommendations must await the result of ongoing clinical trials, both in healthy women and in women with coronary heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Preventive coronary interventions for women. 877 44


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>