Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in black American and Hispanic American men with erectile dysfunction (ED) of broad-spectrum etiology. A total of 246 black American and 197 Hispanic American men were randomized to sildenafil (50 mg, adjustable to 25 mg or 100 mg, depending on efficacy and tolerability; n = 124 and n = 99, respectively) or matching placebo (n = 122 and n = 98, respectively). After 6 weeks, patients were given the option of switching to the other blinded treatment for the following 6 weeks. The 12 weeks of double-blind treatment were followed by 12 weeks of open-label extension. Despite differences in prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and use of concomitant antihypertensive agents between the 2 study groups, sildenafil was efficacious and well tolerated. After 6 weeks, scores for questions 3 and 4 from the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) were significantly higher among sildenafil-treated black and Hispanic patients than in placebo-treated patients. In addition, compared with placebo, a significantly larger proportion of sildenafil patients reported improved erections and improved ability to have sexual intercourse. When efficacy results were stratified by ED severity or number of risk factors, scores for IIEF questions 3 and 4 were lower in men with severe ED versus mild-to-moderate ED. Similarly, the percentage of patients reporting improved erections decreased with ED severity and number of risk factors. The proportion of patients switching to the other treatment after 6 weeks was significantly higher in the placebo group (71% to 85%) than in the sildenafil group (27% to 28%). The most common adverse events included headache and vasodilation, which were mild to moderate in nature and were comparable between groups. These data demonstrate that despite differences in prevalence rates of comorbidities, efficacy and safety of sildenafil is maintained across different ethnic groups.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in black and Hispanic American men. 1241 32

The purpose of this paper is to review the role of doxazosin, a long-acting alpha(1)-blocker, as a component of combination therapy for patients with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension and for patients with concomitant hypertension and hyperlipidemia or glucose intolerance. Recent studies that evaluated doxazosin as combination therapy in the treatment of patients with inadequately controlled hypertension and patients with concomitant hypertension and other disorders were reviewed. Data extraction was based on the tolerability and efficacy data of doxazosin in patients with hypertension. Compared with placebo, doxazosin combination therapy leads to significant improvements in sitting and standing blood pressure. Doxazosin is well tolerated, with only minor adverse effects (e.g., headache, dizziness) as the most commonly reported treatment-related complications. The studies described demonstrate that doxazosin is effective as combination therapy for patients with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension. The positive effects of doxazosin on serum lipids make combination therapy with doxazosin an attractive treatment option for patients who have concomitant hyperlipidemia or glucose intolerance.
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PMID:Doxazosin as combination therapy for patients with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension. 1277 63

We report the imaging features of a rare case of xanthoma in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa involving the frontal bone and orbit. A 42-year-old man presented with a history of proptosis, headache, and hyperlipidemia. Computed tomography demonstrated a well-circumscribed, homogenous, expansive mass with isodensity to brain parenchyma. On magnetic resonance imaging, the tumor showed high signal intensity relative to brain white matter on T1-weighted images, with heterogeneously high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Histological examination established a diagnosis of xanthoma.
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PMID:CT and MRI findings of xanthoma in the orbitofrontal region. 1517 7

The vertigo symptom in breast cancer survivors has rarely been mentioned. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of vertigo in breast cancer survivors with vertigo. From May 1997 to April 2003, 36 consecutive female breast cancer survivors with vertigo underwent a battery of tests including physical examination, neurological examination, serum lipid profile, plain chest radiograph, whole body bone scan, liver sonography, audiometry, electronystagmography (ENG) and MRI scan. Based on these tests, the causes of vertigo were attributed to peripheral labyrinthine origin in 14 patients (39%) and central origin in 22 patients (61%) consisting of 11 cases of vascular insufficiency, eight of hyperlipidemia and three of posterior fossa metastases (8%). The latter included one case of cerebellopontine angle and two of cerebellum, accompanied by extracranial systemic metastases, e.g., of the lung, bone or liver. In conclusion, vertigo in breast cancer survivors warrants concern, especially in those with extra-cranial systemic metastasis accompanied by headache. In addition to 8% occurrence of posterior fossa metastasis, other possible causes for vertigo in breast cancer survivors consist of vascular insufficiency, hyperlipidemia and labyrinthine lesion.
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PMID:Investigating the causes of vertigo in breast cancer survivors. 1537 16

Oral contraceptives (OCs) are a safe and highly effective method of birth control, but can also be associated with some risks, mainly a potential thrombotic risk. OCs may condition the course of headache and sometimes start it, but their influence on the clinical evolution of migraine is not easily assessable. The last Classification of Headache Disorders of the International Headache Society clearly identifies an "exogenous hormone-induced headache" that could be triggered by intake of OCs. Old high-dose OCs could effectively worsen headache in a significant proportion of patients, but the newest formulations influence headache course to a lesser extent. In any case, while an increase in migraine frequency or intensity do not oblige the cessation of OCs, experiencing a migraine aura for the first time, or even a clear worsening of a preexistent aura suggest discontinuation of OCs. Even if both migraine and OCs intake are associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke, migraine per se is not a contraindication for OCs use; however, patients suffering from migraine with aura generally show a greater thrombotic risk than women with migraine without aura. Other risk factors (patient's age, tobacco use, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and diabetes) must be carefully considered when prescribing OCs in migraine patients. Furthermore, all OCs, even those with low oestrogen content, are a major risk for venous thrombosis, particularly in women with hereditary thrombophilia. A thorough laboratory control of the genetics of prothrombotic factors and coagulative parameters should precede any decision of OCs prescription in migraine patients.
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PMID:Oral contraceptives in women with migraine: balancing risks and benefits. 1554 39

A case manifesting symptoms due to organochlorine toxicity was treated with the fat substitute olestra in his diet. Before treatment, the patient was obese, with severe type 2 diabetes mellitus and mixed hyperlipidemia, chloracne, frequent headaches, and numbness and paraesthesias of his trunk and lower limbs. Earlier attempts at weight loss had been unsuccessful due to worsening of his symptoms. After inclusion of olestra in his diet for 2 years, weight loss was successful without aggravation of his symptoms, and the patient reverted to normoglycemia and normolipidemia. Olestra may have assisted weight loss and amelioration of his diabetes by increasing fecal elimination of organochlorines, rather than by preventing the partitioning of these pollutants into tissues, where they have been reported to exert antimetabolic effects on substrate oxidation.
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PMID:Treatment with a dietary fat substitute decreased Arochlor 1254 contamination in an obese diabetic male. 1593 51

A 41-year-old man with hypertension and hyperlipidemia who complained of left hemiparesis after a temporal headache was admitted to our hospital. A cervical MRI with gadolinium enhancement revealed an intramural hematoma is compatible with right extracranial internal carotid artery dissection. Two weeks later, he complained of sudden onset of pain in the right side of his neck. The right extracranial internal carotid artery dissection followed by the right extracranial vertebral artery dissection was diagnosed. Spontaneous cervical artery dissection (SCAD) is one of the causes of stroke in young adults. The pathogenesis of SCAD remains unknown. Minor trauma like an excessive sneeze, migraine, and connective tissue disorders such as fibromuscular dysplasia and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are well-known as risk factors for SCAD. Pathologically skin collagen abnormalities have been seen in German patients with SCAD without clinical evidence for any specific connective tissue disorder. We examined the ultrastructural morphology of the Japanese patient's dermal connective tissue components by electron microscopy. The patient's collagen fibers contained fibrils with highly variable diameters, and there were other ultrastructural abnormalities, including flower-like fibrils and large-diameter composite fibrils. This is the first report of a case of ultrastructural abnormalities of dermal connective tissue in a Japanese patient with SCAD.
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PMID:[Skin collagen abnormalities in a Japanese patient with extracranial internal carotid artery dissection followed by extracranial vertebral artery dissection]. 1661 39

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an under diagnosed condition for acute or slowly progressive neurological deficit. CVT is less frequent than arterial thrombosis. CVT has a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms, which may evolve suddenly or over the weeks. It is clinically challenging and mimics many neurological conditions such as, meningitis, encephalopathy, benign intracranial hypertension, and stroke. With increasing awareness, CVT cases are now being diagnosed more frequently. Newer imaging procedures have led to easier recognition of venous sinus thrombosis, offering the opportunity for early therapeutic measures. It may be difficult to diagnose it on clinical grounds alone. Headache is the most frequent symptom in patients with CVT, present in about 80% of cases. Most common pattern of presentation is with a benign intracranial hypertension-like syndrome. The prognosis of CVT is worse in elderly subjects. The shorter the history the more likely is the presence of focal signs. Sixth cranial nerve palsy usually manifests as false localizing sign. Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has been described, as the presenting event with CVT. Patients may have seizures that can be recurrent. Cranial nerve syndromes are seen with venous sinus thrombosis. Psychiatric disturbances are sometimes the presenting symptoms. CVT, an important cause of stroke in puerperium, is frequently observed in India. We have seen 6 patients of CVT out of 490 stroke registry. Of these 6, four were females and two were males. The mean age among females was 27.75 years and among males was 41.5 years. Of the 4 females two were postpartum; one was on oral contraceptive and in one Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) were positive. Amongst two males one had hyperhomocysteinemia and one had hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Cerebral venous thrombosis--clinical presentations. 1718 79

Migraine is a common subtype of headache. Epidemiological studies have revealed that migraine could be an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke even in elderly subjects. Arterial stiffness is one of the major pathophysiological bases of stroke. In the present study, we cross-sectionally investigated the possible relationship between migraine and arterial stiffness in community-dwelling subjects. The study subjects were independently recruited from two sources (Group A, n=134, 68+/-5 years; Group B, n=138, 68+/-7 years). Augmentation index (AI), the ratio of augmented pressure by the reflection pressure wave to the pulse pressure, was obtained from the radial arterial waveform as an index of arterial stiffness. Brachial blood pressure was also measured simultaneously. Migraine was diagnosed using a previously validated questionnaire. The prevalence of migraine was 5.2% (Group A) and 16.7% (Group B). Subjects with migraine had higher radial AI in both Group A (migraine, 101+/-15%; other headache, 88+/-12%; no headache, 86+/-12%, p=0.003) and Group B (95+/-11%, 90+/-11%, 91+/-14%, p=0.058). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that migraine was an independent determinant of AI (beta=0.154, p=0.002) after adjustment for other confounding factors: age (beta=-0.024, p=0.654); sex (beta=0.141, p=0.069); body height (beta=-0.215, p=0.005); systolic blood pressure (beta=0.174, p=0.001); medication for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (beta=-0.014, p=0.787); and heart rate (beta=-0.539, p<0.001). In a separate analysis by sex, migraine was also a significant determinant for AI (male, beta=0.246, p=0.019; female, beta=0.159, p=0.008). Migraine in the elderly could be a clinical manifestation of enhanced arterial stiffness.
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PMID:Migraine is associated with enhanced arterial stiffness. 1778 24

Knowledge of the population in regards to stroke has clinical and epidemiological importance. Prompt identification of the symptoms means efficient medical attendance within the window of therapeutic opportunities reducing significantly the morbidity-mortality. Our aim was to evaluate the level of knowledge of the population of Teresina (PI) concerning factors of risk, symptoms and treatment of stroke. The door-to-door study was carried out by means of a standardized application of questionnaire on risk factors, symptoms and attitude when faced with a stroke victim. 991 forms were selected. Factors of risk more cited were hypertension identified by 416 [42.0%] and hyperlipidemia 284 [28.7%]. The most remembered symptoms were headache 277 [28.0%] and hemiplegia 219 [22.1%]. 375 (37.8%) respondents were unable to identify any risk factors and and 410 (41.4%) any symptom. The lack of knowledge of the population of Teresina in relation to stroke reflects the need for intervention through public and professional educational campaigns.
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PMID:Knowledge of stroke among a Brazilian urban population. 1787 95


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