Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among the various metabolic abnormalities documented in dialysis patients are abnormalities related to the metabolism of fatty acids. Aberrant fatty-acid metabolism has been associated with the promotion of free-radical production, insulin resistance, and cellular apoptosis. These processes have been identified as important contributors to the morbidity experienced by dialysis patients. There is evidence that levocarnitine supplementation can modify the deleterious effects of defective fatty-acid metabolism. Patients receiving hemodialysis and, to a lesser degree, peritoneal dialysis have been shown to be carnitine deficient, as manifested by reduced levels of plasma free carnitine and an increase in the acyl:free carnitine ratio. Cardiac and skeletal muscles are particularly dependent on fatty-acid metabolism for the generation of energy. A number of clinical abnormalities have been correlated with a low plasma carnitine status in dialysis patients. Clinical trials have examined the efficacy of levocarnitine therapy in a number of conditions common in dialysis patients, including skeletal-muscle weakness and fatigue, cardiomyopathy, dialysis-related hypotension, hyperlipidemia, and anemia poorly responsive to recombinant human erythropoietin therapy (rHuEPO). This review examines the evidence for carnitine deficiency in patients requiring dialysis, and documents the results of relevant clinical trials of levocarnitine therapy in this population. Consensus recommendations by expert panels are summarized and contrasted with present guidelines for access to levocarnitine therapy by dialysis patients.
 ...
PMID:Levocarnitine and dialysis: a review. 1620 59

A 59-year-old woman was admitted because of general fatigue, cough and progressive dyspnea about 5 months after treatment with simvastatin for hyperlipidemia. A chest radiograph and computed tomography scans revealed ground glass and reticular opacities in the right middle and lower lung fields. The percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils was elevated. After simvastatin was discontinued and administration of prednisolone was started, eosinophilia and reticular shadows improved. Drug lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST) for simvastatin was positive, so we diagnosed drug induced eosinophilic pneumonia. Now hyperlipidemia is treated frequently with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, but there are few reports demonstrating lung injury by this drug. We should be aware of lung side effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
 ...
PMID:[A case of drug-induced pneumonia possibly associated with simvastatin]. 1628 92

Cordyceps sinensis, a well-known and valued traditional Chinese medicine, is also called DongChongXiaCao (winter worm summer grass) in Chinese. It is commonly used to replenish the kidney and soothe the lung for the treatment of fatigue, night sweating, hyposexualities, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, asthemia after severe illness, respiratory disease, renal dysfunction and renal failure, arrhythmias and other heart disease, and liver disease. As the rarity and upstanding curative effects of natural Cordyceps, several mycelial strains have been isolated from natural Cordyceps and manufactured in large quantities by fermentation technology, and they are commonly sold as health food products in Asia. In addition, some substitutes such as Cordyceps militaris also have been used and adulterants also confused the market. Therefore, quality control of C. sinensis and its products is very important to ensure their safety and efficacy. Herein, markers and analytical methods for quality control of Cordyceps were reviewed and discussed.
 ...
PMID:Quality control of Cordyceps sinensis, a valued traditional Chinese medicine. 1650 49

Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is a genetic disorder caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in GNAS, the gene that encodes the alpha-chain of Gs (G alpha s). This syndrome is associated with short stature, obesity, brachydactyly, and subcutaneous ossifications. Patients with GNAS mutations on maternally-inherited alleles are resistant to multiple G-protein-coupled hormones, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH), and glucagon. This variant of AHO, termed pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type 1a, is due to tissue-specific paternal imprinting of G alpha s. We investigated whether patients with PHP type 1a exhibited evidence of resistance to growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) (1), another hormone requiring G alpha s function. In addition, G alpha s transcripts are imprinted in the pituitary somatotrophs responsible for growth hormone (GH) secretion which could thereby influence GHRH-dependent stimulation of somatotrophs. We therefore hypothesized that patients with PHP type 1a may be GH deficient which could contribute to the obesity and short stature in this condition. We found that GH deficiency is common in PHP type 1a (69%) with a prevalence that is much greater than in the general population (0.03%). We propose that GH status be evaluated in all patients with this condition. Treatment with recombinant GH could lead to improvements in height in children, as well as other physical (eg, obesity, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, reduced renal function) and psychological (fatigue and diminished sense of well-being) parameters in GH-deficient PHP type 1a patients of all ages.
 ...
PMID:Short stature, obesity, and growth hormone deficiency in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a. 1667 31

Blood lipids may detrimentally affect autonomic and circulatory control. We tested the hypotheses that acute elevations in free fatty acids and triglycerides (acute hyperlipidemia) impair baroreflex control of cardiac period [cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS)] and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA: sympathetic BRS), increase MSNA at rest, and augment physiological responses to exercise. Eighteen young adults were examined in this randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study. BRS was determined using the modified Oxford technique before (pre) and 60 min (post) after initiating infusion of Intralipid (0.8 ml x m(-2) x min(-1)) and heparin (1,000 U/h) (experimental; n = 12) to induce acute hyperlipidemia, or saline (0.8 ml x m(-2) x min(-1)) and heparin (1,000 U/h) (control; n = 6). Responses to isometric handgrip to fatigue (IHG) were also determined. Blood pressure increased more (P < 0.05) in experimental than control subjects during the infusion. MSNA at rest (14 +/- 2 vs. 11 +/- 1 bursts/min), cardiovagal (19.8 +/- 1.8 vs. 19.1 +/- 2.4 ms/mmHg pre and post, respectively) and sympathetic BRS (-5.5 +/- 0.6 vs. -5.2 +/- 0.4 au x beat(-1) x mmHg(-1)), and the neural and cardiovascular responses to IHG were unchanged by acute hyperlipidemia (pre vs. post) in experimental subjects. Similarly, MSNA at rest (10 +/- 2 vs. 12 +/- 2 bursts/min), cardiovagal (22.1 +/- 4.0 vs. 21.0 +/- 4.6 ms/mmHg) and sympathetic BRS (-5.8 +/- 0.5 vs. -5.5 +/- 0.5 au x beat(-1) x mmHg(-1)), and the neural and cardiovascular responses to IHG were unchanged by the infusion in control subjects. These data do not provide experimental support for the concept that acute hyperlipidemia impairs reflex cardiovagal or sympathetic regulation in humans.
 ...
PMID:Effect of acute hyperlipidemia on autonomic and cardiovascular control in humans. 1744 13

Probiotic bacteria are defined as live food ingredients that are beneficial to the health of the host. Probiotics occur naturally in fermented food products such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, cabbage kimchee, and soybean-based miso and natto. Numerous health benefits have been attributed to probiotics, including effects on gastrointestinal tract function and diseases, immune function, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and allergic conditions. A systematic review of the medical literature failed to identify any studies that directly investigated the potential ergogenic effects of probiotics on athletic performance. Two published articles suggest that probiotics may enhance the immune responses of fatigued athletes. In summary, although scientific evidence for an ergogenic effect of probiotics is lacking, probiotics may provide athletes with secondary health benefits that could positively affect athletic performance through enhanced recovery from fatigue, improved immune function, and maintenance of healthy gastrointestinal tract function.
 ...
PMID:Probiotics and athletic performance: a systematic review. 1761 5

Biliary stasis can occur in many different diseases. Pruritus, metabolic bone disease, deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins, steatorrhea, hyperlipidemia and fatigue represent the major extra-hepatic manifestations of cholestatic liver disease that considerably affect the patient's quality of life. The present article reviews pathogenetic and clinical aspects of and current therapeutic approaches to extra-hepatic manifestations of cholestatic liver disease.
 ...
PMID:[Under-evaluated extrahepatic manifestations of cholestasis]. 1929 75

Change in arterial stiffness is generally considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and, in various ways, has been associated with hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and heart failure, likely because of altered dynamics of the wall and of the fluid-wall interplay in pulsatile flow. We present a comprehensive analytical study of longitudinal displacements and stresses within the thickness of the vessel wall induced by pulsatile flow at different times within the cardiac cycle, using the fractional derivative model which has been found to provide a good descriptor of the rheological material's response to frequency. The results indicate that the extent of displacement and shear stress within the depth of the vessel wall depend critically on the degree to which the wall is tethered to surrounding tissue and on the mechanical consistency of the wall material, particularly on the relative proportions of viscous and elastic content within the wall. In particular, loss of viscous consistency leads to higher shear stresses within the wall thus putting higher loading on elastin and may ultimately lead to elastin fatigue and, as elastin gradually fails, its load bearing function is presumably taken over by collagen which renders the vessel wall less elastic and more rigid as is indeed observed in the aging process. It is thus concluded that loss of viscous content within the vessel wall, whether by disease or aging, may be a prelude to elastin fatigue and elastin failure within the vessel wall.
 ...
PMID:Mechanical events within the arterial wall: The dynamic context for elastin fatigue. 1938 12

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells and is characterised by the presence of insulitis and &and beta-cell autoantibodies. Up to one third of patients develop an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. Fifteen to 30% of T1DM subjects have autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashimoto's or Graves' disease), 5 to 10% are diagnosed with autoimmune gastritis and/or pernicious anaemia (AIG /PA), 4 to 9% present with coeliac disease (CD), 0.5% have Addison's disease (AD), and 2 to 10% show vitiligo. These diseases are characterised by the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (for Hashimoto's thyroiditis), TSH receptor (for Graves' disease), parietal cell or intrinsic factor (for AIG /PA), tissue transglutaminase (for CD), and 21-hydroxylase (for AD). Early detection of antibodies and latent organ-specific dysfunction is advocated to alert physicians to take appropriate action in order to prevent full-blown disease. Hashimoto's hypothyroidism may cause weight gain, hyperlipidaemia, goitre, and may affect diabetes control, menses, and pregnancy outcome. In contrast, Graves' hyperthyroidism may induce weight loss, atrial fibrillation, heat intolerance, and ophthalmopathy. Autoimmune gastritis may manifest via iron deficiency or vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia with fatigue and painful neuropathy. Clinical features of coeliac disease include abdominal discomfort, growth abnormalities, infertility, low bone mineralisation, and iron deficiency anaemia. Adrenal insufficiency may cause vomiting, anorexia, hypoglycaemia, malaise, fatigue, muscular weakness, hyperkalaemia, hypotension, and generalised hyperpigmentation. Here we will review prevalence, pathogenetic factors, clinical features, and suggestions for screening, follow-up and treatment of patients with T1DM and/or autoimmune polyglandular syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Type 1 diabetes and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome: a clinical review. 2000 14

Despite its low frequency, endogenous Cushing's syndrome is not an exceptional clinical entity. A growing number of cases are currently derived to specialized centers suggesting an increasing knowledge of the clinical features of hypercortisolism by specialists of diverse branches of clinical medicine. Clinical signs derive from an exaggeration of the physiological actions of cortisol inducing protein breakdown, hyperglycemia, fat mobilization, dyslipidemia, hydrosaline retention, immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to infection. Despite its low specificity, symptoms such as unexplained development of central obesity, mood changes, fatigue, weakness, myopathy, easy bruisability, red striae, arterial hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, are suggestive of the diagnosis. From an epidemiological point of view, Cushing's syndrome is to be suspected and consequently searched for among patients with uncontrolled high blood pressure or diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome, osteoporosis, depression or adrenal incidentaloma. True Cushing's syndrome has to be differentiated from pseudo syndromes. Most sensitive physical signs for discriminating Cushing's syndrome from pseudo-Cushing states are the presence of supraclavicular fat pads, myopathy, thin skin and easy bruising. The recognition of the clinical manifestations of Cushing's syndrome and of the sub-populations at risk of contracting the disease should be improved through medical education at the medical school and at postgraduate levels. Clinical detection of Cushing's syndrome must be performed mainly by non-endocrinologists, yet its etiological diagnosis and therapeutic management is to be carried out in highly experienced and specialized centers, to ensure the best results in the treatment of this really challenging endocrine disturbance.
 ...
PMID:In what clinical settings should Cushing's syndrome be suspected? 2005 13


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>