Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a retrospective study of 632 patients with pituitary disease we diagnosed pituitary insufficiency without hypersecretion of any pituitary hormone in 122 patients. Patients were substituted with sex hormones (76%), hydrocortisone (74%) and/or L-thyroxine (77%). 76% had additional growth hormone deficiency, as shown by an increase of growth hormone of less than 5 ng/ml after i.v. administration of L-arginine. In 17% of all patients the diagnosis of osteoporosis was proven or suspected radiologically. 57% had low bone mass of lumbar spine (dualphotonabsorptiometry) and 73% had low bone mass of the proximal forearm (singlephotonabsorptiometry). BMD values of pituitary insufficient patients were in the same range as those of patients with established osteoporosis. More than half of all patients (53%) complained of tiredness, exhaustion and muscle weakness. 40% suffered from adipositas. 77% had hyperlipidemia (68% hypertriglyceridemia and 42% hypercholesterinemia), 18% had hypertension. 14% of the patients had arteriosclerotic events in their history (myocardial infarction or stroke). These figures are higher than incidences shown in the German PROCAM-study. These data show an increased prevalence of osteoporosis and vascular diseases. This is in contrast to the general opinion, that patients with pituitary insufficiency are adequately treated by substitution with adrenal, thyroid and sex hormones. Whether other factors such as the additional growth hormone deficiency are responsible for these diseases has to be examined in prospective studies.
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PMID:[Increased prevalence of osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis in conventionally substituted anterior pituitary insufficiency: need for additional growth hormone substitution?]. 176 81

Atherosclerosis is a degenerative disease responsible for the majority of deaths in the western populations. According to the idea of the reaction to injury the endothelial cells lining the vascular wall are exposed to repeated insults to their integrity. The injury results in a loss of functional attributes of endothelium and leads to a sequence of events including platelet adherence and aggregation, release of platelet granular components, migration and proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells into the intima. Examples of types of injury include chemical injury, as in hyperlipidemia, or mechanical stress associated with critical changes in vascular flow. Atherosclerosis has been considered a disease primarily concerned with lipid metabolism by regarding the intramural caseous material of atheromatous arteries as the sine qua non of the disease. The limitation of the lipid theory is that the conventional cholesterol-fed animal does not exactly reproduces the pathology of atherosclerosis. An alternative theory suggests that atherosclerosis is induced by mechanical fatigue which produces the progressive change in structure and mechanical properties of the vessel wall. In this view the lipid accumulation is a secondary phenomenon, the consequence of concomitant biochemical alterations of mural constituents. The hypothesis of reaction to injury provides a plausible explanation for the lesion formation and the different theories of atherogenesis are not mutually exclusive.
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PMID:[The vascular and metabolic mechanisms of the development of the atherosclerotic plaque]. 184 83

A 31-year-old male patient with type Ia glycogen storage disease was admitted to our department complaining of general fatigue and right hypochondriac pain. He exhibited massive hepatomegaly with systemic hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia, hyperpyruvatemia and hyperlipemia. The failure of blood glucose levels to increase after a glucagon loading test, and a reduced lactate level on glucose tolerance test were also observed. Various imaging techniques suggested hepatic adenoma with hemorrhage in the tumor, which was confirmed histologically. There was a complete absence of glucose 6-phosphatase activity, as determined by an enzyme assay on resected liver specimens, which proved the case to be type Ia glycogen storage disease. We also reviewed all previously reported cases of hepatic tumor and glycogen storage diseases. We conclude that, since hepatic adenoma is not rare in this disease, and is complicated by hemorrhage, rupture and malignancy, careful follow-ups are necessary.
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PMID:A case of type Ia glycogen storage disease complicated by hepatic adenoma. 217 Feb 59

This study reports lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in postpolio patients seen in our postpolio clinic who were evaluated for complaints of progressive weakness, fatigue, and/or pain. Concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were determined after an overnight fast. Sixty-four patients (24 men and 40 women) with a mean age of 48 +/- 10 years were studied. Mean (+/- SD) lipid concentrations (mg/dL) for men and women, respectively, were 220 +/- 46 and 213 +/- 43 for TC; 38.5 +/- 8.6 and 59.1 +/- 18.1 for HDL-C; 148 +/- 46 and 129 +/- 36 for LDL-C; and 205 +/- 107 and 105 +/- 55 for TG. Hyperlipidemia was found in 16 of 24 men and 10 of 40 women. In the men, mean HDL-C concentration was in the lowest decile of our hospital laboratory's reference range, whereas mean TC/HDL-C ratio was elevated above the recommended value. It is suggested that lipid and lipoprotein concentrations be evaluated in postpolio patients because a high prevalence of lipid/lipoprotein disorders was found in our subjects. Further research is needed on this topic.
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PMID:Plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in symptomatic postpolio patients. 233 82

Since the introduction of fenofibrate to European clinical practice in 1975, some 6.5 million patient-years of experience in the treatment of hyperlipidemia have been accumulated. A review of results of clinical trials shows fenofibrate to have a broad spectrum of lipid-lowering activity, reducing the total cholesterol level by 20-25% in type IIa patients and triglycerides by 40-60% in type IIb and IV patients. High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are reduced and, where low at baseline, high-density lipoprotein levels are increased. An associated activity is a 10-28% reduction in serum uric acid levels. Adverse reactions in the mostly open clinical trials ranged from 2-15%; mild gastrointestinal problems dominated, and occurred with much the same frequency in the placebo-treated groups of controlled trials. There are also reports of fatigue, headache, loss of libido, dizziness, and insomnia. Some excess of skin rash emerged as the only statistically significant unwanted clinical effect in one placebo-controlled trial. Biochemically, there are occasional fluctuations in serum transaminase values, while gamma-glucuronyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase are often decreased, all without apparent clinical significance. Lithogenicity of the bile is often increased above pretreatment levels, but there is no evidence from trials or postmarketing surveillance that the use of fenofibrate is associated with an increase of gallstone formation.
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PMID:Review of European clinical experience with fenofibrate. 265 20

We studied the effect of spontaneous long-term (9-10 months) diabetes on the heart of Chinese hamsters (CHAD strain) to elucidate the relationship between diabetes mellitus and cardiomyopathy. The diabetic hamsters, aged approximately 11 months, showed body weight loss, hyperglycemia (mean fasting plasma glucose 402 mg/dl), hypoinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia and ketonemia. The diabetic hamsters showed reduced activities of cytoplasmic glycolytic key enzymes; hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase, increases in cardiac glycogen and glucose-6-phosphate contents and a 40% decrease in cardiac ATP content, indicating decreased energy production. An accumulation of myocardial triglyceride and cholesterol was found in the diabetic hamsters. In addition, the cardiac norepinephrine content was increased in the diabetic hamsters, suggesting the presence of autonomic nervous disorder. Increased heart weight and thickening of the septum and both ventricular walls were found in the diabetic hamsters. Light-microscopic analysis revealed that 42.9% of the diabetic hamsters had myocardial degeneration without any vascular lesion of extramural large and intramural small vessels, whereas the non-diabetic controls had no myocardial or vascular lesions. These data suggest that the diabetic Chinese hamsters had cardiomyopathy, which is possibly caused by extravascular factors such as metabolic or autonomic nervous disorder although conclusive evidence is lacking.
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PMID:Metabolic and morphological changes of the heart in Chinese hamsters (CHAD strain) with spontaneous long-term diabetes. 366 31

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic nonsuppurative, destructive cholangitis, whose etiology is unknown. Morbidity arises early from pruritus and later from hypercholesterolemia with xanthoma formation. Therapy is supportive and directed at the complications of cholestasis. Plasmapheresis has been reported to benefit patients with hyperlipidemia and PBC; thus a pilot study of plasmapheresis utilizing the Haemonetics Model 30 with replacement by albumin and saline was conducted. Five patients (four female and one male) with a mean age of 43 (range 29-58) and a mean duration of illness of 9.5 years (range 6-21) with marked jaundice, xanthomas, xanthelasma, hepatomegaly, fatigability, anorexia, and pruritus, as well as mild nausea were studied. Peripheral neuropathy was present in two patients. Two patients had splenomegaly. Two patients had an associated Sjogren syndrome. All patients had high serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol levels and mild elevations in aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase activities. Immune complexes measured in four patients were present. Antimitochondrial antibody titers were significant in all patients. Patients underwent a mean of 63 plasmapheresis procedures over a mean of 112 weeks removing a mean of 94.7 liters of plasma. No serious toxicity was seen. All patients showed a reduction in pruritus, xanthomas, xanthelasmas, and serum cholesterol values. The two patients who had evidence of Sjogren syndrome noted subjective improvement. All patients who had fatigue, anorexia and nausea also noted moderate improvement. There was no change in hepatomegaly or splenomegaly in patients demonstrating such organomegaly. Liver function did not change significantly. Overall, four patients had improvement in their condition and one patient achieved stability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The clinical effectiveness and safety of chronic plasmapheresis in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. 403 Jul 9

A total of 108 patients with myocarditis and cardiomyopathies and 25 with chronic coronary disease (CCD) were investigated. The most informative diagnostic criteria were identified for the differentiation between noncoronarogenic myocardial disease (NMD) and CCD. Bicycle ergometry was positive in all CCD patients, whereas in those with NMD it was negative or had to be discontinued because of fatigue. NMD was associated with increased activity of transaminases, LDH and its isonenzymes (first and second fractions) and normal lipid spectrum. In CCD patients, enzyme activity was normal, and hyperlipidemia was detected in 88%. Coxsackie virus B2 was found in 24 of 58 NMD patients and only 3 of 25 patients with CCD. Echocardiography was effective in the diagnosis of cardiomyopathies. The diagnostic value of the patient's medical history is emphasized.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of myocarditis, cardiomyopathy and chronic ischemic heart disease]. 631 18

Aseptic osteonecrosis is observed in 25% of cases after renal transplantation. This etiological variety of osteonecrosis is unusual in that it is frequently bilateral and has multiple localisations. Apart from the classical radiological signs, attention in attracted by isolated images of osteocondensation in the metaphyses and/or the diaphyses suggesting massive bony infarction and the appearances of fatigue fractures observed frequently (14%). In 43% of cases, the obvious necrosis was proceeded by early bone pain, around the 7 th day, during massive administration of corticosteroids in the prevention or cure of graft resection. This finding suggested to us that the best time to observe ischemia of the bone or marrow is very early and led us to undertake an experimental study in the rabbit. Two series of New Zealand White rabbits were treated with massive doses of corticosteroid and sacrificed between the 3rd and the 21st day. The treated animals presented an early peak of hyperlipemia from the 7th day onwards, and diffuse lesions of hepatic and renal steatosis. Fat emboli associated with appearances of parietal thrombosis were observed in most cases. In the same animals, there were also appearances of stage I or stage II necrosis. Referring to the description of bone marrow necrosis in stages by Arlet and Ficat, there was observed in all the series, a frequency of marrow lesions of all stages much higher in treated animals (16 out of 20) than in controls. Only one lesion of stage I was observed in controls; the difference was highly significant. (0,000001 < p < 0,00001). If one only considers necroses of stage II and III (10/20 in the treated group nil in controls) the frequency was still significant p < 0.001. The preliminary results of the fixation of tetracycline are reported.
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PMID:[Cortisone-induced osteonecrosis: knowledge acquired from observations in man and comparison with the results of animal experimentation]. 700 46

We report a young female case of alcoholic liver injury accompanied with various metabolic and endocrinological disorders. A 29 year-old woman was admitted because of general fatigue and hyperlipidemia. She was a heavy drinker. Laboratory data on admission revealed liver dysfunction and hyperlipidemia (type II b) with a quite high serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma GTP) level. The microscopic finding of the liver biopsy specimen showed fatty metamorphosis and ballooning of hepatocytes, and she was diagnosed as heavy alcoholic liver injury. The endocrinological examination revealed the elevated plasma cortisol level, though the urinary 17-hydroxycorticoids (17-OHCS) and 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) excretion and the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level were reduced. Cortisol secretion showed the normal circadian rhythm and the normal response to ACTH provocation. The levels of plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were also reduced. These endocrinological and metabolic disorders were normalized in company with recovery of the liver function by temperance, diet therapy and nutritional education. Thus, these abnormalities were considered to be resulted from the alcoholic liver injury and the effect of the ethanol to the hypothalamic-pituitary system.
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PMID:[Alcoholic liver injury accompanied with various metabolic and endocrinological disorders--a case report]. 822 58


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