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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many general signs familiar to physicians can be found on the skin in cardiac patients. These include (a) cyanosis, central and peripheral, (b) erythremia, flushing and erythema, (c) digital clubbing and (d) alteration in texture. Specific cardiac conditions often have useful diagnostic cutaneous clues. Of these the association of coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia and xanthomas is the most important. Rare syndromes such as the "leopard syndrome" often have distinctive skin signs. Multisystemic disorders may affect the heart and skin simultaneously or in sequence. They include collagen vascular diseases, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis and relapsing polychondritis. Finally iatrogenic disease arising from treatment of cardiac or cutaneous disease may induce changes in one or the other organ. The heart and the skin have much in common. These manifestations help elucidate the cause, evaluate the diagnosis, and follow the treatment and progress of these diseases.
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PMID:Cutaneous manifestations of cardiac diseases. 225 49

The fat overload syndrome developed in a 7-year-old girl who was on home TPN which included 20% Intralipid (total lipid dose 3.2 g/kg/d). Acute respiratory insufficiency developed with cough, dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis. The chest x-ray revealed mild cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema. Blood gases showed profound hypoxia (PaO2 29 torr on room air). Spontaneous resolution occurred over the next seven days as the lipemia cleared.
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PMID:Fat overload syndrome causing respiratory insufficiency. 644 Sep 70

The number of women with congenital cardiac disease, who mature into adulthood is increasing. Unfortunately, there are no prospective data published about the relative risk of different forms of contraception for these patients. Most women with congenital cardiac disease can safely use oral contraceptives, especially low-estrogen combination or progestin-only preparations, with the exception of those, who are at particular risk because of thromboembolic complications (especially in cyanosis, pulmonary hypertension, Eisenmenger reaction, rhythm disturbances), fluid retention (especially in reduced ventricular function and congestive heart failure), arterial hypertension (important in coarctation), infectious complications (endocarditis) or hyperlipidemia. Oral contraceptives should be avoided in patients at increased risk for thromboembolic events. Intrauterine devices are very effective, have no metabolic side effects and merely carry a small risk of endocarditis. Newer devices containing progesterone only may put the patients at a still smaller risk. Contraceptive subdermal implants (e.g. levonorgestrel) are used with good results in the United States for patients with contraindications to estrogen-containing oral contraceptives and may well become more widely accepted in patients in Germany in the coming years. Barrier methods can be used, but have a higher failure rate, which may be unacceptable in patients at risk (e.g. Eisenmenger's). Especially in Eisenmenger's, permanent sterilisation should be advised.
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PMID:[Contraception in patients with congenital heart defects]. 1095 86

As adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) grow older, the risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD) increases. We sought to estimate the prevalence of CAD in adult patients with CHD, the safety of coronary angiography in this setting, and the potential relation of CAD to clinical and hemodynamic parameters. Two hundred fifty adult patients with CHD (mean age 51 +/- 15 years; 53% men) underwent selective coronary angiography in our center for reasons other than suspected CAD. Clinical and hemodynamic data were retrieved retrospectively from medical records and echocardiographic and angiographic databases, respectively. Significant CAD using quantitative coronary angiography was found in 9.2% of adult patients with CHD. No patient with cyanosis or age <40 years had significant CAD. Systolic and diastolic systemic ventricular dimensions were significantly higher in patients with CAD, even after adjustment for age (odds ratio [OR] for 10-mm increase 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29 to 5.21, p = 0.007; OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.24 to 4.31, p = 0.008, respectively). Systemic arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia were strong predictors of CAD (OR 4.54, 95% CI 1.82 to 12.0, p = 0.001; OR 9.08, 95% CI 3.56 to 24.54, p <0.0001, respectively), whereas no relation to chest pain was found. Only 1 major adverse event was recorded during coronary angiography. In conclusion, the prevalence of significant CAD in a hospital adult CHD cohort was similar to that in the general population. This study supported the performance of selective coronary angiography in patients >40 years referred for cardiac surgery, with low risk of major complications. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors for CAD also applied to adult patients with CHD, in whom primary prevention of CAD was as important as in the general population.
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PMID:Burden of coronary artery disease in adults with congenital heart disease and its relation to congenital and traditional heart risk factors. 1942 44

A 64-years-old woman complained of fixed cyanosis and rest pain of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes of the right foot, after a sudden onset one month previously to the clinical examination. The diagnosis of "blue toe syndrome" was then made. She was in a post-menopause state, with no hormonal substitution therapy, complaining also of obesity, arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia, under medication but no laboratory control. Blood tests excluded an hypercoagulable state and the ECG revealed no significant abnormalities. Angio-CT scans and conventional angiography disclosed an atherosclerotic lesion at the femoropopliteal level, with an adherent and floating thrombus in the arterial lumen, causing microemboli to the collateral digital arteries. The complex lesion was removed through a local thromboendarterectomy, followed by a Carrel-DeBakey patch graft angioplasty, using autologous saphenous vein. Post operative course was uneventfull, with an immediate recovery of the clinical picture. Double antiplatelet therapy was advised and an extensive investigation of the possible relationship of this event with an occult malignancy was started, with no conclusive results, until now. The patient was placed in a clinical, laboratory and imagiologic surveillance program and the main features of this entity are emphasized and discussed, according to the data published in the literature on the subject.
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PMID:[The blue toe syndrome and its pathogenic significance. A case report]. 2052 78

Obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and arteriosclerosis. Although the middle and late stages of adipocyte differentiation are well characterized, the earliest step in the differentiation process has remained largely unknown. We isolated 102 genes expressed at the beginning of the differentiation of a mouse preadipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1 cells. Because approximately half of these genes were unknown, we named them factor for adipocyte differentiation (fad) genes. I first show how these genes regulate the early stage of adipocyte differentiation. We next generated fad104-deficient mice, and demonstrated that fad104-deficient mice died due to cyanosis-associated lung dysplasia with atelectasis. We also found that fad104 positively regulated adipocyte differentiation and negatively regulated osteoblast differentiation. We then demonstrated that fad24-knockdown inhibited mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) and that FAD24 contributed to the regulation of DNA replication by recruiting histone acetyltransferase binding to ORC1 (HBO1) to DNA replication origins. In vitro culture experiments revealed that fad24-null embryos developed normally to the morula stage, but acquired growth defects in subsequent stages. These results strongly suggest that fad24 is essential for pre-implantation in embryonic development, particularly for progression to the blastocyst stage. These findings together indicate that both fad104 and fad24 contribute not only to adipogenesis but also to other physiological events. The multi-functional roles of these genes are discussed.
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PMID:[Molecular Mechanisms of Early-stage Adipocyte Differentiation and Multi-functional Roles of Newly Isolated Adipogenic Factors]. 2704 Mar 46