Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Colestipol hydrochloride is an insoluble, nonabsorbable copolymer with bile-acid-binding capacity. It prevents reabsorption of cholates from the intestinal tract into the enterohepatic circulation causing a net loss of bile acids, and therefore of cholesterol. Sixty subjects with cholesterol levels over 250 mg/100 ml were studied for 104 weeks. Patients with normal phenotypes, types 2,3, and 4, were given 5 gm three times daily and experienced an average drop of 40 mg/100 ml (14%). While patients with types 2,3, and 4 hyperlipidemia responded effectively, cholesterol levels in type 2 patients dropped earliest and most consistently with an average decrease of 58 mg/100 ml (19%). A comparable group of patients with hyperlipidemia taking placebo showed on average no change in serum cholesterol. Serum triglyceride values were not altered significantly. The resin is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and produces a slight increase in fecal volume. Results of chemistries, enzyme assays, prothrombin times, hematology, and urinalysis and body weights wer unaltered. There was no evidence of lithogenic bile production. Colestipol is a tasteless and ordorless copolymer with high acceptability. Side effects were limited to occasional bloating, gas, and constipation. The drug is a safe, effective, palatable hypolipedmic agent.
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PMID:Colestipol hydrochloride, a new hypolipidemic drug: a two-year study. 109 Oct 1

Regular exercise is an effective nonpharmacologic therapy for stress, sleep disorders, depression, and anxiety, as well as such chronic conditions of aging as hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, and constipation. Pre-exercise office assessment of cardiac risk, possible limitations, and contraindications is advised. A balanced fitness training program includes activities to increase flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular endurance. The most effective exercise prescription begins with a type of aerobic activity the patient enjoys. A prescribed schedule of stepwise increments in frequency, duration, and intensity gradually leads to a maintenance level of fitness.
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PMID:Prescribing physical activity for older patients. 163 24

The lack of fiber in the western diet may contribute to the development of several diseases including gastrointestinal disorders; the clinical effects of a new substance (AGIOLAX) made from plantago seeds and senna pods were studied. 100 patients of both sexes, aged from 40 to 60 years (30 with diabetes mellitus, 40 with obesity and 30 with hyperlipidemia) were treated; everyone complained a slowness, of different degree, of normal intestinal transit time or chronic constipation. The experiment was carried out without the use of a control group. Aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of the product. In addition to the clinical evaluation of the symptoms, laboratory tests were performed. The patients were treated for 3 months with a daily dose of 2 teaspoons every evening. In the majority of the subjects a good clinical response was obtained; 88% of the patients presented a normalization of the gastrointestinal transit time; only 12% of them did not respond satisfactorily to the substance. Further the drug was well tolerated by 86% of the patients. In conclusion the authors report a good efficacy and tolerability of the product; thus they recommend its use in those disorders characterized by slow intestinal transit time and/or constipation.
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PMID:[Clinical study of a new preparation from plantago seeds and senna pods]. 295 23

Increased intake of fiber and starchy foods has been recommended in the treatment or prevention of a range of diseases including dumping syndrome, hyperlipidemia, gallstones, diabetes, Crohn's disease, constipation, irritable bowel, diverticular disease, and colonic cancer. The nature and physiological effects of fiber are diverse. However in general, insoluble fibers increase fecal bulk and decrease transit time. On the other hand, soluble fibers have metabolic effects secondary to reducing the rate of small intestinal absorption. In the colon, along with undigested starch, they are largely fermented yielding short-chain fatty acids which may have further metabolic effects. At present although much further work is required, the clinical management of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, constipation, and diverticular disease have already been significantly influenced as a result of the ideas and experimental evidence generated by the fiber hypothesis.
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PMID:Fiber and starchy foods: gut function and implications in disease. 302 Sep 70

A total number of 30 native breed cows were used in this investigation. Ten animals were clinically healthy and kept as control, while 20 diseased cows were selected according to rectal findings. At the beginning of the disease, the cows appeared obese with marked deposition of fat in the subcutaneous tissue at the lumbosacral area, later on they became emaciated. Additional signs were digestive disturbance in form of diarrhea or constipation and tympany. Rectal examination revealed hard irregular masses of various size which were palpated in the pelvis, the perirenal area around the colon and the rectum. More information about the nature and character of the lesions were taken from slaughtered cows. Biochemical analysis, including total lipids, cholesterol triglycerides and creatine kinase, were carried out in both healthy and diseased cows. In advanced cases of bovine lipomatosis hyperlipemia and hypercholesterolemia as well as increased creatine kinase values were constant findings. The aetiology of this disease is still unknown.
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PMID:[Accumulated occurrence of lipomatosis in a cattle herd in Assiut (Egypt)]. 322 88

Dietary fiber has received considerable attention in both the popular press and the scientific literature. Fiber is a complex mixture of substances, and research on its effects is difficult to interpret. Dietary fiber has significant gastrointestinal effects, and it is a mainstay of treatment for constipation and hemorrhoids. Insoluble fiber, such as wheat bran, is most effective for treatment of these conditions. Increased intake of soluble dietary fiber appears to benefit patients with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. High-fiber, low-fat diets have been recommended by a variety of authorities to decrease the incidence of heart disease and certain types of cancer. Any increase in dietary fiber intake should be accompanied by an increase in water intake.
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PMID:The clinical uses of dietary fiber. 784 38

We studied the effectiveness of and compliance with the use of cholestyramine in children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). During a 10-year period, 673 children (aged 10.5 +/- 4.0 years) were referred for evaluation of hyperlipidemia, of whom 87 (36 with FH; 51 with FCHL) were treated with cholestyramine (8 to 24 gm/day). In both groups, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels were significantly reduced after cholestyramine use. In those with FH, plasma LDL-cholesterol levels decreased from 258 +/- 35 mg/dl (6.67 +/- 0.90 mmol/L) to 190 +/- 31 mg/dl (4.91 +/- 0.80 mmol/L); in those with FCHL, LDL-cholesterol levels dropped from 207 +/- 40 mg/dl (5.35 +/- 1.03 mmol/L) to 141 +/- 35 mg/dl (3.64 +/- 0.90 mmol/L). High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were not significantly changed after cholestyramine use in either group. In the FCHL group, plasma triglyceride levels increased significantly from 81 +/- 35 mg/dl (0.92 +/- 0.40 mmol/L) to 134 +/- 42 mg/dl (1.52 +/- 0.48 mmol/L). Seven patients were lost to follow-up; 18 discontinued the medication within 1 month. Of the remaining 62 children, 59 had a good response to the drug. Of the 62 patients, 52 discontinued the medication after 21.9 +/- 10 months. Adverse effects included foul taste (73%), nausea with bloating (18%), and constipation. Cholestyramine is effective in reducing LDL-cholesterol levels in children with inherited hyperlipidemia, but the majority of children will not comply with its long-term use.
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PMID:Use of cholestyramine in the treatment of children with familial combined hyperlipidemia. 844 Nov 9

An 11 1/2-year-old African-American male presented with a 3-day history of abdominal pain that was constant, dull, and localized to the right lower quadrant. It was associated with anorexia, bile-stained vomiting, and enema-relieved constipation. His white blood cell count was elevated and the serum was lipemic. He had an immediate appendectomy, which revealed purosanguinous fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Postoperatively his triglycerides and total cholesterol were markedly elevated, and his pancreas was enlarged and poorly delineated, with no pseudocysts. He was diagnosed with type V primary hyperlipidemia and placed on gemfibrozil regimen. He was compliant with medication and made dietary changes, which all contributed to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
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PMID:Beware of Cloudy Serum. 1035 90

Chronic constipation and hyperlipidemia, one of the many atherogenic risk factors, were common complications in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The present trial evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of isomaltose-oligosaccharide (IMO) in the treatment of chronic severe constipation and its effect on lipid profiles in 20 HD patients. After a 2-week basal period, these patients were allocated to receive 30 g of IMO for a 4-week period. After the study period, these patients were observed for another 4 weeks. Bowel frequency, gastrointestinal symptomatology, biochemical parameters, and lipid profiles were assessed. All patients completed this study. IMO induced a significant increase in number of bowel movements and hence improvement of constipation in 76.3% + 30.9% of patients during the 4-week treatment. Some, but well-tolerated gastrointestinal side effects were noted. Statistically significant decreases in total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) and increases in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were noted after IMO treatment (P <.05 compared with baseline and controls). After the study period, those patients receiving IMO had reductions in levels of total cholesterol -17.6%, TG -18.4%, and elevations of levels of HDL-C by +39.1%. In conclusion, IMO once a day is well tolerated and effective in increasing bowel frequency and improving constipation in HD patients. In addition, IMO treatment was effective in lowering total cholesterol and triglycerides and in raising HDL-C in HD patients.
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PMID:Use of isomalto-oligosaccharide in the treatment of lipid profiles and constipation in hemodialysis patients. 1129 27

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of and the host factors for asymptomatic pyuria (ASP) in women with type 2 diabetes. The study included 179 type 2 diabetic women and consecutive 455 non-diabetic women attending as out-patients in 1996. Patients with symptoms of a urinary tract infection were excluded. ASP was defined as the presence of more than 10 leukocytes/high-power field in a random urine sample. Diabetic women more often had ASP than non-diabetic women (27.9 vs. 15.8%, P<0.001). The prevalence of ASP was significantly increased in patients with a duration of diabetes exceeding 15 years (0 approximately 4 years; 20.3%, 5 approximately 9 years; 24.3%, 10 approximately 14 years; 23.8%, and > or =15 years; 46.3%). No differences were evident in HbA(1C) between diabetic patients without ASP and those with ASP. Diabetic women with ASP more often had diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and hyperlipidemia than those without ASP. However, no statistically significant differences were evident in the prevalence of hypertension, constipation, or dementia. As the degree of neuropathy increases, it is accompanied by an increasing prevalence of ASP (none, 21.4%; blunt tendon reflexes, 24.5%; symptomatic, 50.0%; and gangrene, 66.6%). The prevalence of ASP was significantly increased in the patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (none, 23.2%; background, 29.4%; pre-proliferative, 18.2%; and proliferative, 50.0%). As the degree of nephropathy increases, it is accompanied by an increasing prevalence of ASP (none, 20.0%; microalbuminuria, 31.9%; macroalbuminuria, 37.0%; and renal failure, 60.0%). Thus, the prevalence of ASP is increased in women with diabetes and increased with longer duration of diabetes but was not affected by glucose control. The incidence of ASP increases significantly as diabetic microangiopathy becomes severer.
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PMID:Asymptomatic pyuria in diabetic women. 1159 24


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