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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The induction of nephrotoxic nephritis in rats with rabbit antibodies preparation results in proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and hyperlipidemia with little glomerular lesions. A study of some hydrolases in cortex and medulla on one hand and glomerular and tubules on the other, showed changes in the activities of following enzymes. 1) A 20-30 % decrease in Na+, K+ dependent ATP-ase in whole kidney. 2) A 20 % decrease in beta-galactosidase activity in glomerular and medulla. 3) A 20 % increase of arylsulphatase A activity in tubules. These results are discussed in the light of the present knowledge of sulphatide metabolism in kidney.
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PMID:[Experimental nephrotic syndrome in the rat. Biologic parameters and study of several hydrolases in different purified kidney fractions]. 20 50

The investigations were carried out in 30 patients with primary hyperlipidaemia (hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and mixed form). The serum total cholesterol and triglycerides, and in the erythrocytes the levels of AMP, ADP, ATP, ATP complex with Fe, MP, HDP and DGP were determined. Twenty blood donors served as a control group. The obtained results showed a statistically highly significant rise in ADP concentration in all investigated subgroups of hyperlipidaemic subjects, and a non-significant quantitative shift of other determined phosphate compounds.
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PMID:Certain phosphate compounds in the erythrocytes of patients with primary hyperlipidaemia. 50 54

It is well established that cardiac dysfunction independent of atherosclerosis develops in both humans and animals with diabetes mellitus. The etiology is complex, involving many different processes, one of which may be increased fatty acid utilization and/or a concomitant decrease in glucose utilization by the diabetic heart. We compared control and 6-wk streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic isolated working rat hearts and were able to demonstrate cardiac dysfunction in the diabetic as assessed by depressed heart rate (HR), heart rate peak systolic pressure product (HR.PSP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and rate of pressure rise (+dP/dt). Paralleling depressed cardiac function in the diabetic were hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and decreased body weight gain compared with age-matched controls. The addition of free fatty acids, in the form of 1.2 mM palmitate, to the isolated working heart perfusate had no effect on either control or diabetic heart function, with the exception of a depressive effect on +dP/dt of diabetic hearts. But diabetic hearts perfused with palmitate-containing perfusate plus the glucose oxidation stimulator dichloroacetate (DCA) showed a marked improvement in function. HR and HR.PSP in spontaneously beating hearts, as well as LVDP and +dP/dt in paced hearts were all restored to control heart values in diabetic hearts perfused in the presence of DCA. Creatine phosphate and ATP levels were similar under all perfusion conditions, thus eliminating energy stores as the limiting factor in heart function. Results indicate that DCA will acutely reverse diabetic cardiac function depression. Therefore glucose oxidation depression in the diabetic heart may be a significant factor contributing to cardiac dysfunction.
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PMID:Effects of free fatty acids and dichloroacetate on isolated working diabetic rat heart. 192 88

In 1958 Zieve described a syndrome of jaundice, hyperlipidaemia, and transient haemolytic anaemia associated with alcohol abuse. The clinical and laboratory features of five cases are reviewed. All patients presented with acute abdominal pain and fever. Four had a history of a recent alcohol binge. Hyperlipidaemia was present in two patients; this subsided before the onset of haemolysis. The red cells showed features of an acquired pyruvate kinase deficiency: an increased autohaemolysis with only partial correction with glucose, low red cell ATP, and instability of pyruvate kinase when haemolysate was heated to 55 degrees C. These changes were not observed in a control group of chronic alcoholics without haemolysis.
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PMID:Alcohol-associated haemolysis in Zieve's syndrome: a clinical and laboratory study of five cases. 220 46

Functional and metabolic parameters of thoracic aorta from Watanabe heritable hyperlipemic (WHHL) rabbits (aged 11-14 months) were investigated in vitro. The aortic preparations, normally responsive to noradrenaline, showed a diminished response to the endothelium-dependent agent, acetylcholine, in comparison with control preparations from age-matched New Zealand rabbits (maximal relaxation: 33 +/- 4% in WHHL vs. 52 +/- 2% in controls: P less than 0.005). ATP relaxant effect (only partially endothelium-dependent) was unimpaired in WHHL aorta, and it was much higher than in controls (maximal response: 63 +/- 6% vs. 37 +/- 3%, respectively; P less than 0.005). The response to NaNO2, an endothelium-independent relaxant, was unchanged in WHHL aortas. Acetylcholine-induced response was found to be inversely related to the degree of total cholesterol infiltration in aorta (r = -0.62, P less than 0.05). No correlation was observed between either total serum cholesterol or triglycerides and ACh-induced response. Furthermore, the concentration of adenine nucleotides and nucleosides in the aortic tissue of WHHL rabbits was lower than in controls, indicating a loss of energy balance. The results indicate a functional damage induced by genetic hyperlipidemia on endothelium-dependent relaxation and an impairment of energy-rich phosphate metabolism of the aortic wall. The relationship between functional and metabolic parameters is not yet clarified.
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PMID:Endothelium-dependent relaxation, cholesterol content and high energy metabolite balance in Watanabe hyperlipemic rabbit aorta. 261 Jul 24

We studied the effect of spontaneous long-term (9-10 months) diabetes on the heart of Chinese hamsters (CHAD strain) to elucidate the relationship between diabetes mellitus and cardiomyopathy. The diabetic hamsters, aged approximately 11 months, showed body weight loss, hyperglycemia (mean fasting plasma glucose 402 mg/dl), hypoinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia and ketonemia. The diabetic hamsters showed reduced activities of cytoplasmic glycolytic key enzymes; hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase, increases in cardiac glycogen and glucose-6-phosphate contents and a 40% decrease in cardiac ATP content, indicating decreased energy production. An accumulation of myocardial triglyceride and cholesterol was found in the diabetic hamsters. In addition, the cardiac norepinephrine content was increased in the diabetic hamsters, suggesting the presence of autonomic nervous disorder. Increased heart weight and thickening of the septum and both ventricular walls were found in the diabetic hamsters. Light-microscopic analysis revealed that 42.9% of the diabetic hamsters had myocardial degeneration without any vascular lesion of extramural large and intramural small vessels, whereas the non-diabetic controls had no myocardial or vascular lesions. These data suggest that the diabetic Chinese hamsters had cardiomyopathy, which is possibly caused by extravascular factors such as metabolic or autonomic nervous disorder although conclusive evidence is lacking.
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PMID:Metabolic and morphological changes of the heart in Chinese hamsters (CHAD strain) with spontaneous long-term diabetes. 366 31

Three- and 4-phenyl-piperidine-2,6-dione derivatives were investigated for hypolipidemic activity at 20 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally in rodents. The 3-phenyl compound afforded the best activity and effectiveness in both normal and hyperlipidemia-induced mice. The agent lowered lipids by blocking the de novo hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides, specifically at the sites of ATP-dependent citrate lyase, acetyl CoA synthetase, sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase and phosphatidylate phosphohydrolase. The agent caused a more rapid clearance of cholesterol by the fecal route. Cholesterol levels of the chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were reduced, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly elevated after drug administration. Triglyceride content was lowered in the chylomicron and LDL fractions. These modulations of lipid content of serum lipoproteins by the drug suggest a favorable situation for treatment of hyperlipidemic states.
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PMID:Hypolipidemic activity of 3- and 4-phenyl-piperidine-2,6-diones and selected N-substituted derivatives. 379 28

We have developed a kinetic fixed-time approach for the quantitative determination of serum glucose by use of the hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method. To achieve a large measuring range, we have apparently increased the Michaelis constant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase through addition of the competitive inhibitor ATP. By this means, serum samples with glucose concentrations up to 55.5 mmol/l could be analyzed without pre-dilution. The method has been adapted to the ENI GEMSAEC analyzer and to the LKB 2086 Mark II analyzer. It yielded satisfactory results with regard to precision. A comparison of the kinetic procedure with the manual end-point method showed good agreement. No interferences from hemoglobin, bilirubin, or lipemia have been observed.
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PMID:Kinetic determination of serum glucose by use of the hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method. 735 90

We investigated serum and aortic tissue lipid content, in vitro aortic response to drugs, and morphology of thoracic aorta in Pittsburgh Yoshida rats (YOS), a new animal model of endogenous hyperlipidemia. Experiments were performed on 2-, 6-, and 18-month-old rats. Normolipidemic Brown Norway rats (BN) were used as controls. Both serum cholesterol and triglycerides increased significantly with age in YOS rats, but remained constantly low in the control group. In YOS rats, absolute serum concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol increased significantly with age, although HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio decreased. In contrast, no difference in cholesterol content in aortic tissue was detected between the two animal strains or among different age groups. The contractile force generation of thoracic aorta to norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin increased with age in both strains of animals. The endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) was significantly reduced in 6- and 18-month-old YOS as compared with 2-month-old YOS but not in BN. ATP-induced relaxation was significantly impaired in YOS thoracic aorta. In contrast, the relaxation induced by NaNO2 acting in smooth muscle did not vary with age in either YOS or BN. Only alterations in endothelial cells, not typical atheromatous injuries in thoracic aorta wall were detected in YOS even at age 18 months. Our data indicate that despite high serum lipid levels, YOS do not develop typical atheromatous lesions or functional and morphologic damage of smooth muscle cells in thoracic aorta, whereas YOS show decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation and morphologic alteration of endothelial cells.
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PMID:Functional and morphologic characterization of thoracic aorta in heritable hyperlipidemic Yoshida rats of different ages. 752 53

This chapter focuses on the biochemical mechanisms that mediate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans and the potentiating role played by fatty acids. We summarize evidence supporting the idea that glucose metabolism is required for GSIS and that the GLUT-2 facilitated glucose transporter and the glucose phosphorylating enzyme glucokinase play important roles in measuring changes in extracellular glucose concentration. The idea that glucose metabolism is linked to insulin secretion through a sequence of events involving changes in ATP:ADP ratio, inhibition of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, and activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is critically reviewed, and the relative importance of ATP generated from glycolytic versus mitochondrial metabolism is evaluated. We also present the growing concept that an important signal for insulin secretion may reside at the linkage between glucose and lipid metabolism, specifically the generation of the regulatory molecule malonyl CoA that promotes fatty acid esterification and inhibits oxidation. Finally, we show that in contrast to its short term potentiating effect on GSIS, long-term exposure of islets to high levels of fatty acids results in beta-cell dysfunction, suggesting that hyperlipidemia associated with obesity may play a causal role in the diminished GSIS characteristic of non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
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PMID:Metabolic coupling factors in pancreatic beta-cell signal transduction. 757 98


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