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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent studies indicate that some patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver have ongoing liver injury that may progress from steatosis to steatohepatitis or fibrosis. The present study was designed to clarify the clinical features of liver dysfunction observed in the course of workplace physical check-ups in relation to multiple risk factor syndrome including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance, and to clarify the involvement of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (beta3-AR) gene polymorphisms in elevation of liver enzymes. One hundred forty-eight male workers 35 years of age were enrolled. They were requested to answer questionnaires about drinking and smoking habits, and underwent urinalysis, physical and peripheral blood examinations, blood chemistry, electrocardiogram and chest x-rays. The genotypes of ALDH2 and beta3-AR were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The subjects were divided into active ALDH2 or inactive ALDH2 groups. They were also divided into 2 groups according to the beta3-AR genotype. The relationships between ALDH2 and beta3-AR gene polymorphism and the results of the physical examination including liver function tests were analyzed. The subjects were also divided according to the number of components of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level increased with the accumulation of components of metabolic syndrome. Active ALDH2 was associated with elevated ALT level to a greater degree than beta3-AR polymorphism. Among those with normal body mass index (BMI), the genotypes of ALDH2 and beta3-AR were strongly associated with elevated ALT level. Logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, triglyceride level, and ALDH2 genotype were associated with ALT elevation. In conclusion, evaluating the genotype of ALDH2 and beta3-AR may assist in predicting and preventing the development of fatty liver which may be related to multiple risk factor syndrome.
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PMID:Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and beta3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms: their association with elevated liver enzymes and metabolic syndrome. 1450 13

After the introduction of the so-called 'atypical antipsychotics' some reports concerning hyperlipidemia observed in patients treated with these drugs have been published. The studies and case reports available up to now were reviewed. The available data show that hyperlipidemia particularly occurred in patients receiving clozapine, olanzapine and also quetiapine. Predominately elevated serum levels of triglycerides have been reported. The underlying pathomechanism still remains widely unclear. Since hyperlipidemia is an important symptom of the so called 'metabolic syndrome' which is often associated with severe complications like cardial and vascular diseases, more attention should be paid to hyperlipidemia as a potential side effect of antipsychotics.
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PMID:[Hyperlipidemia - side-effect of "Atypical" neuroleptics?]. 1455 54

Lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance are independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. When these risk factors accumulate, the risk of cardiovascular diseases remarkably increases. This condition, marked by an accumulation of these risk factors in one person, is considered a disease entity by itself called the 'metabolic syndrome'. The effects of this syndrome over time are now being referred to as 'metabolic domino effect'. This new concept considers factors such as the flow of time and the chain reaction of the risk factors. When these risk factors accumulate in one person over time, the risk factors interact and multiply the cardiovascular risk, leading to a process similar to falling dominoes; once the process begins, it leads to cardiovascular diseases that are irreversible. Data strongly suggests that angiotensin II is a contributing factor at every step of the process in this metabolic domino effect, starting from obesity to the progression of macroangiopathy and microangiopathy. The key to effectively preventing cardiovascular diseases is to suppress production of angiotensin II at an early stage of the metabolic syndrome.
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PMID:[What is 'metabolic domino effect'?--new concept in lifestyle-related diseases]. 1457 12

Obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance are wellknown components of metabolic syndrome and are associated to increased cardiovascular morbidity. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, body fat distribution, and selected coronary heart disease risk factors. A total of 22 untrained subjects affected by one or more features of metabolic syndrome and without clinical history of cardiovascular disease were studied. Nondiabetic subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and insulin measurement; fasting glucose and insulin were measured in diabetic patients. Complete lipid profile, thyroid hormones, and thyroid-stimulating hormone were measured in all subjects. Basal energy expenditure and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured using a K4 analyzer. Cardiorespiratory fitness ( VO(2max)/kg) was assessed using a treadmill graded exercise test. Peak aerobic capacity ( VO(2max)/kg) was predicted by body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity index, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ( p<0.001). A significant relationship was found between cardiorespiratory fitness ( VO(2max)/kg) and body mass index (BMI), insulin sensitivity index, and LDL cholesterol ( r=0.60, p<0.05; r=0.66, p<0.01 and r=0.54, p<0.05, respectively). Data demonstrated that aerobic fitness is related to metabolic parameters and to body fat distribution, and suggest that its modification may improve well-known predictors of coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Lipid profile, BMI, body fat distribution, and aerobic fitness in men with metabolic syndrome. 1461 52

Obesity occurs less frequently in Japanese than in various other ethnic populations. A person with abnormal glucose tolerance is often found to have one or more of the other cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. This clustering has been labeled as metabolic syndrome (WHO, 1998). It was suggested that Japanese, categorized as having normal weight (BMI of less than 25.0), as defined by the WHO (2000), have an increasing tendency toward metabolic syndrome. Our objective was to analyze metabolic syndrome in "Overweight" with BMI of 23.0-24.9 in Japanese workers, and to assess the suitability for Asians of the Regional Office for the Western Pacific Region of WHO criteria pertaining to obesity (WPRO criteria, 2000). We conducted a cross-sectional study in the workplace setting and investigated the relationship between BMI classification based on WPRO criteria and metabolic syndrome by gender and age group (18-44 yr vs. 45-60 yr). Three hundred seventy-nine men and 432 women Japanese workers participated in this study. BMI were categorized as 20% "Overweight" (23.0-24.9 BMI), 20% "Obese I" (25.0-29.9 BMI) and 2% "Obese II" (over 30.0 BMI), based on WPRO criteria. Graded increases in BMI were positively associated with body fat percentage, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist/hip ratio in both genders and age groups. A progressively increasing BMI category in the elder group aged 45-60 yr in both genders was positively related with parameters constituting metabolic syndrome. Graded increases in BMI classes in elder workers based on WPRO criteria were positively associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and "Overweight" elder women had significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The present investigation, based on the increasing risks of "Overweight" with a BMI of 23.0-24.9, suggests that WPRO criteria are suitable for Japanese workers aged over 45 yr.
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PMID:The new BMI criteria for asians by the regional office for the western pacific region of WHO are suitable for screening of overweight to prevent metabolic syndrome in elder Japanese workers. 1467 12

Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia tested under metabolic ward conditions with unphysiological high fat loads has been reported in CAD patients and their relatives even in the presence of normal fasting lipids. It is unclear whether this also occurs in the daytime situation. Twenty-seven normocholesterolemic, non-obese and nondiabetic patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and 56 first-degree relatives without CAD measured daytime capillary triglyceride profiles (TGc-AUC) as an estimate of postprandial lipemia. Fasting capillary triglycerides (TGc) were not significantly different between CAD index patients and their relatives (1.68 +/- 0.63 and 1.54 +/- 0.71 mmol/L, respectively). In contrast, daytime triglyceridemia was significantly higher in CAD patients (30.7 +/- 13.6 mmol. h/L) compared to their relatives (24.4 +/- 9.4 mmol. h/L) and this was also the case after correction for fasting TGc (7.24 +/- 7.41 and 2.79 +/- 6.89 mmol. h/L; P <.05). The best predictors of TGc-AUC by multiple regression analysis in CAD families were fasting TGc, systolic blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which are all components of the metabolic syndrome, explaining 65% of the variation. Since there were no major differences in nutritional intake between index patients and their relatives, this could not explain the differences Daytime triglyceridemia, measured under physiological conditions, is increased in patients with premature atherosclerosis and normal fasting TG levels, when compared to their non-CAD relatives. This study confirms previous observations using standardized oral fat loading tests and underlines the importance of postprandial hyperlipidemia in CAD.
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PMID:Daytime triglyceridemia in normocholesterolemic patients with premature atherosclerosis and in their first-degree relatives. 1468 41

With the increased attention being given to cardiovascular risk factor reduction, the opportunity exists to substantially decrease the largest cause of mortality in diabetic patients. The concept that type 2 diabetes and CVD are linked via a common etiologic pathway (metabolic syndrome) has substantial ramifications for the care of individual patients. Many of the metabolic abnormalities that contribute to both glycemic disorders and CVD are interrelated. For example, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance coupled with abdominal obesity further worsens HTN and hyperlipidemia. Likewise, the procoagulant state and endothelial dysfunction increase with worsening glycemic control. Specific interventions include tobacco cessation, a food management and physical activity plan, choice of antidiabetic agent (such as metformin), and use of ACE inhibitors for hypertension and microalbuminuria (Table 5). Programs to enhance cardiovascular risk factor reduction as part of the comprehensive evaluation and management of diabetic patients have been described [95,99]. One community-based program provided free screening to diabetic patients with randomization to either annotated result reports provided to the patient and their physician or results provided by a project nurse (either face-to-face or over the phone). Greater improvements in mean glycohemoglobin, cholesterol, and blood pressure were noted with verbal presentation of results [99]. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diabetes Cost-effectiveness Group support the idea that interventions to decrease CVD in diabetics are economically beneficial. Intensive management of hypertension, glycemic control, and hyperlipidemia each improved health outcomes. Hypertension control reduced costs. Although intensive treatment of glucose and hyperlipidemia increased costs, the increase was comparable to that of other frequently used health care interventions [100]. Further directions include further exploration of the implications and management of metabolic syndrome as it relates to CVD prevention. Interventions such as exercise, which can impact on all outcomes, require special attention. Efforts by physicians, health systems, and society are necessary to increase physical activity for individuals of all ages. It makes clinical sense that the recommendations for prevention of CVD in diabetics described in this article may also benefit patients with prediabetes (fasting glucose 110-125 mg/dl), but this remains to be definitively shown.
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PMID:Preventing cardiovascular disease in diabetes and glucose intolerance: evidence and implications for care. 1469 2

The metabolic syndrome is characterized by diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and polycystic ovary syndrome. The lipid profiles of patient with metabolic syndrome is often characterized by the appearance of hypertrygliceridaemia and small, dense LDL-cholesterol, together with low HDL-cholesterol. Patients with these abnormalities are at an increased risk for premature coronary artery disease. Treatment is a multifactorial process and includes modification of lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity, weight reduction, correction of dyslipidemia, meticulous blood pressure and glycemic control. The case of a 36-year-old woman who develops metabolic syndrome is discussed.
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PMID:Metabolic syndrome. 1470 75

Elevated cortisol in a subset of depressed patients is an enduring and well-replicated finding. Much interest has focused on the possible effects of depression on the hippocampus; however, an emerging body of evidence suggests an association between depression and non-central nervous system illnesses. In this review, data on the effects of depression on the brain and other organ systems sensitive to elevated cortisol are discussed. From searches of the MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, and Current Contents databases, and other sources, articles were found specifically related to depression and physical changes or medical conditions associated with corticosteroid excess in patients with Cushing's disease, including cognitive impairment, hippocampal atrophy, increased waist-to-hip ratio, bone loss, hypertension, diabetes, peptic ulcers, and hyperlipidemia. Data are strongest for a relationship between elevated cortisol and depression, hippocampal atrophy, cognitive impairment, abdominal obesity, and loss of bone density. Some evidence suggests an association between depression and hypertension, peptic ulcers, and diabetes. Depression does not appear to be associated with hyperlipidemia. The data provide some support for similar health effects in depressed patients and patients with Cushing's disease or the metabolic syndrome; however, additional studies are needed relating systemic effects of depression to cortisol. Limitations of the current literature, treatment implications, and possible directions for future research are discussed.
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PMID:Association of depression with medical illness: does cortisol play a role? 1470 19

Total genome scan was carried out in 266 F2 intercrosses from the Prague hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) rat that shares several clinical characteristics with human metabolic syndrome. Two loci for plasma triglycerides (TG) were localized on chromosome 2 (Chr 2) (LOD 4.4, 3.2). The first locus overlapped with the rat syntenic region of the human locus for the metabolic syndrome and for small, dense LDL, while the second overlapped with the syntenic region of another locus for small, dense LDL in humans by the comparative mapping approach. Loci for TG on rat Chr 13 (LOD 3.3) and Chr 1 (LOD 2.7) overlapped with the syntenic region of loci for human familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) in Finnish and Dutch populations, respectively. The concordances of loci for TG localized in this study with previously reported loci for FCHL and its related phenotypes are underlying the generalized importance of these loci in dyslipidemia. These data suggest the close relationship between dyslipidemia in HTG rats and human FCHL, establishing a novel animal model for exploration of pathophysiology and therapy based on genomic determinants.
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PMID:Rat model of familial combined hyperlipidemia as a result of comparative mapping. 1470 77


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