Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

"Essential laboratory tests" advocated by Japan Society of Clinical Pathology were simultaneously performed with the history taking of the present illness and the physical examination in 1,026 new patients visited the outpatient unit of Comprehensive Medicine, National Defense Medical College. We have analyzed the usefulness of the "essential laboratory tests" for the establishment of the initial diagnosis in evaluable 750 patients by comparing the diagnosis made only by the history taking and the physical examination (tentative initial diagnosis) with that included the results of these laboratory tests. The "essential laboratory tests" had contributed to remarkably increased incidences of metabolic and endocrine diseases, liver or biliary tract diseases, renal and urinary tract diseases and anemia after the application of these tests. The initial diagnoses of 61 patients were successfully established by the addition of the "essential laboratory tests" among 157 cases of which tentative initial diagnoses remained undetermined. These tests confirmed the tentative diagnoses in 78 patients, while 78 tentative diagnoses were negated and corrected after evaluation of the results of these tests. Furthermore, the diagnostic tests such as CRP and leukocyte count were useful for the estimation of the nature or degree of seriousness of the disease in 57 patients. In addition, other diseases not related to the patient's chief complaint could be detected in 238 patients (303 total number of diseases) by these tests. These results indicate the usefulness of the "essential laboratory tests" not only for the establishment of more accurate initial diagnosis but also for the screening of the "hidden" diseases such as hyperlipidemia and liver dysfunction.
 ...
PMID:[Usefulness of "essential laboratory tests" for the establishment of the initial diagnosis in new outpatients]. 154 27

We evaluated diagnostic utility of the hematological, biochemical and serological tests comprised in the "essential laboratory tests" advocated by the Japan Society of Clinical Pathology in 1,026 new patients visiting the outpatient unit of Comprehensive Medicine, National Defense Medical College. Of 750 evaluable patients, 52 showed anemia associated with such conditions as ulcer or cancer of digestive tract, inflammatory disease, or renal failure. Leukocytosis (greater than 9,000/microliters) was found only in 25 of 112 CRP-positive (greater than 0.3 mg/dl) patients, suggesting bacterial infection. Forty-four patients showed hypoproteinemia and/or hypoalbuminemia indicating chronic conditions including liver and inflammatory disease. Elevation of serum creatinine level was found in 4 patients subsequently diagnosed with renal failure, whereas 32 patients demonstrated elevated BUN. After application of the "essential laboratory tests", 97 patients were diagnosed with hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol greater than 230 mg/dl and/or triglyceride greater than 250 mg/dl). Determination of serum enzyme activity was useful not only for the diagnosis of liver dysfunction or biliary tract disease but also for those of hematological malignancies or myogenic disorders; however, in patients with abnormal values of LDH, gamma-GT and ALP, clinical significance was not clarified in 53%, 38% and 59%, respectively. These results indicate that the "essential laboratory tests" are useful in the following aspects of primary care medicine: for (1) estimation of the degree or nature of infection or inflammatory status; (2) classification of anemia and its relation to underlying diseases; (3) evaluation of patient general condition and protein-producible function of liver; (4) evaluation of renal function; (5) ambulatory screening for metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia; and (6) diagnosis of liver and biliary tract diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Laboratory tests in primary care medicine: "essential laboratory tests" (2). Usefulness of hematological, biochemical and serological tests in diagnosis of new outpatients]. 159 65

In a group of 18 patients with essential hyperlipidaemia the influence was studied of multivitamin CRP preparation given for 12 weeks, on lipid peroxides, cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum. The level of lipid peroxides was decreased significantly. This effect was associated with the increase of the serum level of vitamin E. A decrease was also found of the levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of CRP preparation on serum lipids in patients with hyperlipidemia]. 823 91

We report a 62-year-old man who developed coma and died in a fulminant course. The patient was well until May 1, 1996 when he noted chillness, tenderness in his shoulders, and he went to bed without having his lunch and dinner. In the early morning of May 2, his families found him unresponsive and snoring; he was brought into the ER of our hospital. He had histories of hypertension, gout, and hyperlipidemia since 42 years of the age. On admission, his blood pressure was 120/70, heart rate 102 and regular, and body temperature 36.3 degrees C. His respiration was regular and he was not cyanotic. Low pitch rhonchi was heard in his right lower lung field. Otherwise general physical examination was unremarkable. Neurologic examination revealed that he was somnolent and he was only able to respond to simple questions such as opening eyes and grasping the examiner's hand, but he was unable to respond verbally. The optic discs were flat; the right pupil was slightly larger than the left, but both reacted to light. He showed ptosis on the left side, conjugate deviation of eyes to the left, and right facial paresis. The oculocephalic response and the corneal reflex were present. His right extremities were paralyzed and did not respond to pain Deep tendon reflexes were exaggerated on the right side and the plantar response was extensor on the right. No meningeal signs were present. Laboratory examination revealed the following abnormalities; WBC 18,400/ml, GOT 131 IU/l GPT 50 IU/l, CK616 IU/l, BUN 30 mg/dl, Cr 2.1 mg/ dl, glucose 339 mg/dl, and CRP 27.4 mg/dl. ECG showed sinus tachycardia and ST elevation in II, III and a VF leads and abnormal q waves in I, V5, and V6 leads. Chest X-ray revealed cardiac enlargement but the lung fields were clear. Cranial CT scan revealed low density areas in the left middle cerebral and left posterior cerebral artery territories. The patient was treated with intravenous glycerol infusion and other supportive measures. At 2: 10 AM on May 3, he developed sudden hypotension and cardiopulmonary arrest. He was pronounced dead at 3:45 AM. The patient was discussed in a neurological CPC, and the chief discussant arrived at the conclusion that the patient had acute myocardial infarction involving the inferior and the true posterior walls and left internal carotid embolism from a mural thrombus. Post mortem examination revealed occlusion of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery due to atherom plaque rupture and myocardial infarction involving the posterior and the lateral wall with a rupture in the postero-lateral wall. Marked atheromatous changes were seen in the left internal carotid, the middle cerebral and the basilar arteries; the left internal carotid and the middle cerebral arteries were almost occluded by thrombi and blood coagulate. The territories of the left middle cerebral and the occipital arteries were infarcted; but the left thalamic area was spared. The neuropathologist concluded that the infarction was thrombotic origin not an embolic one as the atherosclerotic changes were severe. Cardiac rupture appeared to be the cause of terminal sudden hypotension and cardiopulmonary arrest. It appears likely that a vegetation which had been attached to the aortic valve induced thromboembolic occlusion of the left internal carotid artery which had already been markedly sclerotic by atherosclerosis. It is also possible that the vegetations in the aortic valve came from mural thrombi at the site of acute myocardial infarction, as no bacteria were found in those vegetations.
 ...
PMID:[A 62-year-old man with an acute onset of consciousness disturbances]. 945 48

Women with diabetes mellitus are at high risk of myocardial infarction (MI), and it is well recognized that smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and the diabetic state itself do not fully explain this increased risk. During the last decade, growing evidence has accumulated that the immune system, with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as a key antigen, plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between the immune response, as measured by antibody titres to malondialdehyde-treated LDL (MDA-LDL) and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP; a marker of inflammation), and diabetes mellitus and MI in women. Women (35-64 years) with diabetes (n=18) and non-diabetic women (n=46) who had been treated in hospital for MI were compared with diabetic women without MI (n=35) and healthy controls (n=70). Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast. CRP was determined with a highly sensitive immuno-enzymometric assay. IgM and IgG antibodies against MDA-LDL were analysed with a solid-phase ELISA technique. Women with diabetes but without previous MI were more similar to women with previous MI (both with and without diabetes) than to the healthy controls. Compared with healthy women, the women with diabetes and/or MI had higher IgG (P<0.05) and lower IgM (P=0.006) antibody titres against oxidized LDL and higher CRP levels (P<0.001), associations that were independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. These findings might indicate a differentiated immune response against modified LDL, more pronounced inflammation and a more aggressive atherosclerotic process in women with diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein and C-reactive protein are associated with diabetes and myocardial infarction in women. 1167 58

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Recent evidence suggests that the expression of Fas, a molecule implicated in the initiation of apoptosis in various cell types, is increased at sites of atherosclerotic plaques. However, the significance of plasma levels of the soluble form of Fas (sFas) and its ligand (sFas-L) as markers of atherosclerosis has yet to be defined. The present report is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from an ongoing prospective study designed to evaluate the role of sFas and sFas-L as markers of CAD in ESRD. We evaluated the association between plasma levels of sFas and sFas-L and evidence of CAD in a cohort of 107 chronic hemodialysis patients. Plasma levels of sFas were significantly greater (P = 0.04) among subjects with (n = 64) than without evidence of CAD (n = 43). Plasma levels of sFas-L were similar in both groups. Using multivariate analysis, sFas level was found to be independently associated with CAD (P = 0.01) after adjustment for classic risk factors for CAD (hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking), markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], intercellular adhesion molecule 1), and other confounders. An increase of one quintile in plasma concentration of sFas was associated with an odds ratio for CAD of 1.64 (95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 2.41). Models that incorporated sFas were significantly better at identifying patients with CAD than models limited to classic risk factors for atherosclerosis, alone (P = 0.008) or in combination with CRP levels (P = 0.006). In summary, increased plasma levels of sFas are associated with CAD in stable patients with ESRD. These results suggest that sFas may represent a novel and independent marker of CAD.
 ...
PMID:Soluble Fas is a marker of coronary artery disease in patients with end-stage renal disease. 1172 60

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is positively associated with the prevalence of coronary artery disease by epidemiologic data. Prospective studies indicate that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors reduced the plasma hs-CRP concentration and the risk of recurrent coronary events after myocardial infarction. Type 2 diabetes is associated with high mortality risk of coronary heart disease and this high risk may be involved in the inflammatory factors. We have therefore conducted a prospective study to assess whether simvastatin can rapidly reduce the plasma hs-CRP concentration in type 2 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. Seventeen type 2 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia were enrolled in the study after 6 weeks on a lipid-lowering diet. Fourteen patients completed the study, taking simvastatin 20 mg daily for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected from each patient before and after 8-week administration of simvastatin. In response to 8-week administration of simvastatin, hs-CRP levels significantly decreased from 0.312+/-0.057 to 0.193+/-0.045 mg/dl (P<.01). Plasma LDL cholesterol also decreased significantly from 130+/-9 to 74+/-3 mg/dl (P=.001). This study shows that plasma hs-CRP concentration can be reduced by 8-week administration of simvastatin in type 2 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia.
 ...
PMID:Simvastatin reduces plasma concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. 1247 21

Current topics and new developments in risk factors for ischemic stroke were reviewed. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, cigarrette smoking, and heavy alcohol drinking have been established as being common treatable risk factors for stroke. Recent studies have clarified that homocysteine, various cardiac sources of embolism such as patent foramen ovale, antiphopholipid antibodies, lipoprotein (Lp) abnormalities including Lp(a) and remnant-like particle, insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia, infectious diseases such as Chlamydia Pneumoniae, and CRP are additional risk factors for stroke. In addition, genetic studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms have suggested that many gene polymorphisms are significant risk factors for certain subpopulations of stroke, which is recognized to be a polygenic disease. Management of these risk factors is crucial for primary prevention of stroke, which is the leading cause of death or disability all over the developed countries.
 ...
PMID:[Risk factors for cerebral infarction: current topics and new developments]. 1278 67

Inflammation is a major factor in atherothrombotic disease. Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation and a mediator of atherothrombotic disease, have been shown to correlate with cardiovascular disease risk. Recent findings in 27,939 healthy women in the Women's Health Study indicate that hs-CRP (1) is a stronger predictor of risk than low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, (2) predicts elevated risk in subjects without overt hyperlipidemia, and (3) adds prognostic information to risk scoring and LDL cholesterol categories. Other data from this cohort show that hs-CRP level adds prognostic information to the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. Taken together with other data in men on the association of hs-CRP with vascular risk, a strong argument is provided for screening in the primary prevention population. With regard to potential treatment, statins have been found to reduce hs-CRP levels, and data from statin treatment trials raise the possibility that subjects with elevated hs-CRP levels may derive greater benefit from treatment than do patients without elevated hs-CRP. The Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) trial is planned to examine the effects of rosuvastatin treatment in preventing cardiovascular events in 15,000 healthy subjects with elevated hs-CRP levels in the absence of overt hyperlipidemia.
 ...
PMID:High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk: rationale for screening and primary prevention. 1294 72

Impaired oxygenation sometimes occurs in patients with acute aortic dissection, however, the mechanism has not been fully investigated. We hypothesized that impaired oxygenation is related to inflammation secondary due to aortic dissection. Patients with acute aortic dissection who had received 14 days of conservative treatment were retrospectively examined. Patients who had undergone surgery or died within 14 days were excluded. Patients who had evidence of having pneumonia or pulmonary congestion during this period were also excluded. Twenty-six patients were divided into a preserved oxygenation group (minimum oxygenation index > or = 200, n = 13) and an impaired oxygenation group (minimum oxygenation index < 200, n = 13). Maximum serum C-reactive protein (max CRP) and other factors (age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, Stanford type, thrombosed false lumen, pleural effusion, atelectasis, use of intravenous vasodilators) for the two groups were compared. Max CRP was the only predictor for impaired oxygenation as calculated by single/multiple logistic regression analysis. Max CRP was significantly higher in the impaired oxygenation group (20.1 +/- 2.1 mg/dL) than in the preserved oxygenation group (10.5 +/- 1.4 mg/dL, P < 0.05). These results suggest that impaired oxygenation is related to inflammation, which is secondary due to acute aortic dissection.
 ...
PMID:C-reactive protein is related to impaired oxygenation in patients with acute aortic dissection. 1627 70


1 2 3 4 Next >>