Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aortic permeability to 125I-bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the effect of histamine and serotonin were investigated in hamsters with diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Animals, fed a cholesterol- and butter-rich diet for five weeks, were sacrificed weekly and the level of serum cholesterol, the aortic permeability, and the morphologic aspect of the vessel wall, were analysed. During this interval, the cholesterolemia increased four-fold, and a progressive lipid accumulation in the intima was recorded. The permeability of the aortic wall was assessed by injecting 125I-BSA into the circulation and detecting the radioactivity in the aortic wall. The effect of the two vasoactive amines was determined by injecting histamine or serotonin concomitantly with the 125I-BSA. The results indicate that during the early stages of experimental hyperlipidemia in hamster, the aortic wall shows an increased permeability to albumin. The process is markedly augmented by histamine and serotonin, predominantly in the abdominal aorta.
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PMID:The permeability of aortic endothelium to 125I-BSA in hyperlipidemic hamster. Effect of histamine and serotonin. 310 41

We evaluated serial measurements of serum lipid levels in 68 patients aged 12.6 +/- 4.7 years undergoing treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis/continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CAPD/CCPD). Fasting mean levels of triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (C) were elevated above the 95th percentile of published normal values by 102% and 19%, respectively, at the start of dialysis. Except for a short-term decrease in TG levels at 6 and 9 months, no significant change in mean lipid levels was observed during a follow-up period of 2 years. At initiation of dialysis, elevated TG and C levels were present in 90% and 69% of the patients, respectively. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia (HL) varied between 63% and 88% (TG) and 61% and 93% (C), respectively, during the follow-up period. TG and C levels were not correlated with caloric intake (evaluated in 17 patients), serum albumin levels, treatment modality (CAPD or CCPD), a history of the nephrotic syndrome, or previous treatment with hemodialysis or transplantation. However, a significant inverse correlation was observed between age and serum lipids at the initiation of dialysis treatment and after 1 year (TG: r = -0.40; C: r = -0.44). Our data indicate a high prevalence of HL but no significant change of serum lipid levels during 2 years of treatment with CAPD/CCPD.
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PMID:Hyperlipidemia in pediatric patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. 315 58

A reproducible, fairly narrow-sized population of rat lymph chylomicrons, approximately 100 nm, was isolated by centrifugation and combined with low levels of [1-13C]oleic acid for NMR studies. The carboxyl chemical shift was monitored as a function of aqueous pH to characterize the ionization behavior of the fatty acid in these particles. The titration curves were very similar to those for oleic acid in equivalent-sized emulsion particles composed of egg phosphatidylcholine and triolein. A simple partition-ionization model was fitted to the data to derive values for apparent ionization constant, expressed as pKapp, of 7.4-7.5 and the "true" surface to core partition coefficient of approximately 7 for oleic acid in chylomicrons. The fatty acid in chylomicrons thus appeared to be largely associated with the surface regions of these particles. Addition of bovine serum albumin to the samples showed that near physiologic pH much of the fatty acid was bound to the albumin at fatty acid to albumin-binding stoichiometries as high as 5.1 and with mass ratios of greater than 2 in favor of the lipid or lipoprotein particles. Lowering the pH of the medium shifted the distribution of fatty acid away from albumin so that at pH 5 with the emulsion, virtually all the fatty acid was associated with the lipid. The behavior observed under physiologic conditions is consistent with the rapid clearance and redistribution of fatty acid generated in these particles by lipolytic processes. However, under conditions of severe acidosis, hyperlipidemia, and hypoalbuminemia a significant portion of fatty acids might be retained in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants and affect subsequent metabolism.
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PMID:The ionization and distribution behavior of oleic acid in chylomicrons and chylomicron-like emulsion particles and the influence of serum albumin. 333 52

Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH), an autosomal disorder characterized by an increase in serum albumin binding of thyroxine, has been encountered in a family who was also found to have both familial hypercholesterolemia (FHC) and multiple lipoprotein type hyperlipidemia (MLH). One subject with FHC and two subjects with MLH had FDH. Although some of the laboratory parameters in hyperlipidemic patients with FDH were suggestive of hyperthyroidism, the dialyzable free thyroxine concentrations were in the normal range and the patients were clinically euthyroid. The significance of the occurrence of FDH in hyperlipidemic subjects with hypothyroidism has been discussed, especially in regard to the longer time interval that may be needed to achieve an amelioration of the hypothyroid state during treatment with a normal maintenance dose of thyroxine. Treatment of FDH patients with other drugs may require an altered dosage if the drug binds to the atypical albumin fragments characterizing this disorder.
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PMID:Coexistence of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia with familial hypercholesterolemia and multiple lipoprotein type hyperlipidemia. 340 59

In a previous study on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in LOU/M/Wsl rats, severe nephropathy has been observed; therefore, the question was raised whether nephropathy adds to or even might be responsible for doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. For elucidation of this question, the temporal relationship between the onset of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy and nephropathy was studied. In addition, examination was made of whether modifications of the treatment schedule could circumvent nephrotoxicity. Because preliminary studies had shown that female LOU/M/Wsl rats developed less doxorubicin-induced albuminuria, both male and female LOU/M/Wsl rats were treated with an iv dose of 1 mg doxorubicin/kg (body wt)/rat on five consecutive days and then weekly. Saline-treated animals served as controls. Albuminuria, serum albumin, and serum creatine levels were assessed weekly. For histologic examination, 5 male and 5 female rats were killed weekly. At day 14 and thereafter, doxorubicin-treated male rats showed albuminuria greater than or equal to 10 g/liter. Albuminuria of greater than or equal to 10 g/liter was not avoided by modifications of the treatment schedule. Female rats had on day 14 a urinary albumin level of 1.0-3.0 g/liter, yet reaching the level of greater than or equal to 10 g/liter at day 49. In male rats serum albumin levels decreased to levels below 10 g/liter (p less than .001 vs. finding for day 0); in contrast female rats maintained constant serum albumin levels till day 49. Serum creatine levels showed a tendency to rise, the values of male rats not being measured after day 28 due to hyperlipidemia; the levels of female rats increased from 37.8 +/- 3.0 mumol/liter to 53.7 +/- 2.5 mumol/liter on day 49 (P less than .001). At day 10 in male and female rats a grade 1-1.5 cardiomyopathy score, assessed according to the modified Billingham scoring system, was found, gradually increasing to grade 2.5-3 cardiomyopathy, both in males and females, on day 49. In male LOU/M rats the nephropathy developed steadily from day 14 and thereafter, whereas in females the rate of development of kidney damage was slower and at the end point of the study the severity of kidney lesions was less in comparison to that of the males. The onset of cardiomyopathy and nephropathy was simultaneous. It was concluded that cardiomyopathy observed in LOU/M rats is a phenomenon independent of nephropathy.
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PMID:Time-course study on doxorubicin-induced nephropathy and cardiomyopathy in male and female LOU/M/Wsl rats: lack of evidence for a causal relationship. 345 68

The effects of long-term moderate food restriction were assessed in lean and obese male Zucker rats. A 30% reduction in food intake from 5 to 68 wk of age resulted in parallel lowering of body weight in both lean and obese rats compared to their respective ad libitum-fed control groups. In lean rats, epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pad weights and cell size were lowered by food restriction. In obese rats there was an effect of food restriction on growth of the epididymal pad but not the retroperitoneal pad. Hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia and elevated serum albumin levels, as well as higher activity of lipogenic enzymes, were also not affected by food restriction in the obese rat. In a second experiment, long-term food restriction resulted in greater glucose conversion to CO2 in response to insulin in adipocytes from lean rats but not obese rats compared to their respective control groups. These results indicate that food restriction throughout the first year of life in the obese Zucker rat does not alter the development of hyperplastic obesity and insulin resistance.
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PMID:Effects of long-term moderate food restriction on growth, serum factors, lipogenic enzymes and adipocyte glucose metabolism in lean and obese Zucker rats. 355 7

Hyperlipemia is a common manifestation of the nephrotic syndrome. Serum lipid concentrations have been observed by others to be negatively correlated with serum protein concentration. Hyperlipemia has been postulated to result from a coordinate increase in the synthesis of both albumin and lipoproteins, as well as from their decreased catabolism. Simultaneous measurements of serum lipid concentration and the rate of albumin synthesis have not been previously reported. We measured the rate of albumin synthesis, urinary albumin loss, serum albumin, protein, cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in 13 nephrotic patients. Changes in the rate of albumin synthesis and in urinary albumin excretion were induced in eight patients by alteration in dietary protein intake. The resultant changes in serum triglyceride and cholesterol were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The rate of albumin synthesis measured while patients were eating a low protein diet was 12.61 +/- 1.20 g/1.73 m2/day, well within normal limits, yet both serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were markedly elevated (265 +/- 65 mg/dl and 325 +/- 44 mg/dl, respectively). Albumin synthetic rate increased to 17.60 +/- 1.25 g/1.73 m2/day when dietary protein intake was increased, while serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations changed little; triglyceride concentration was 306 +/- 75 mg/dl and cholesterol 376 +/- 55 mg/dl. Serum cholesterol concentration, by multiple regression analysis, was dependent only upon the renal clearance of albumin P less than 0.0001, and changes in serum cholesterol concentration was dependent only upon changes in the renal clearance of albumin, P less than 0.001. Serum cholesterol concentration was completely independent of the rate of albumin synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Albumin synthesis, albuminuria and hyperlipemia in nephrotic patients. 361 8

We have evaluated the effect of the antihyperlipidemic agent probucol on hyperlipidemia in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Twelve patients with long-standing nephrotic syndrome received 500 mg of probucol daily for 12 weeks. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lowered with probucol treatment. There were no differences in urine protein, serum total protein, serum albumin and renal function before and after probucol treatment. No drug-related side effects were observed during our study. These results indicated that probucol was effective against hyperlipidemia and free from side effects in patients with persistent nephrotic syndrome. The use of probucol is therefore suggested to be advisable when antihyperlipidemic treatment is required in some subgroups of nephrotic syndrome.
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PMID:Effect of probucol on hyperlipidemia in patients with nephrotic syndrome. 369 30

A colorimetric method was developed for the determination of nonenzymatically glycated albumin and adapted to a Flexigem centrifugal analyzer. Albumin was separated from serum or plasma using Sepharose-blue dextran affinity chromatography. The stable ketoamine linkage in glycated albumin reduced a tetrazolium salt to its colored formazan. Glycated human serum albumin was used as the standard and optimum conditions for the assay were established. Recovery of glycated albumin was quantitative. The coefficients of variation for within-run and day-to-day precision were 4.6% and 8.5%, respectively. The labile aldimine fraction, lipemia, icterus, hemolysis and type of anticoagulant used did not affect the results. The non-diabetic reference interval for this method was 7.9-11.6% glycated albumin, and normal and diabetic populations can be clearly discriminated (p less than 0.005). Values obtained with this method correlated well with a thiobarbituric acid assay (r = 0.974) but less so with those for glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.35).
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PMID:Colorimetric determination of non-enzymatically glycated albumin. 395 2

In this report, the role of vascular allergy (i.e., hypersensitivity) in the potentiation of atherogenesis has been studied. In order to accomplish this, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was administered to rabbits in quantities sufficient to cause the occurrence of serum sickness (a type of hypersensitivity known to cause injury to the endothelial linings of certain blood vessels). This was immediately followed by the feeding of a special cholesterol-supplemented diet, which is known to be capable of initiating a high incidence of atheromatous disease in rabbits after prolonged feeding. Results indicated that those animals which received the combined treatment developed an incidence of pathology after only 2 wk of special diet which was not equaled in the diet-only control groups until they had been treated for 4 wk. This indicated that vascular allergy could potentiate lipemia-induced atherogenesis in the rabbit, and was in confirmation of an earlier study of a similar nature. Indeed, because of the relatively mild vascular injury caused by a single injection of BSA, it would seem as though vascular hypersensitivity was extremely effective in the potentiation of atherogenesis. In addition, these results may have given some indication of the degree of vascular injury necessary for the induction of irreversible atheromatous disease. While the incidence of lesions in serum sickness controls was seen to decrease with passage of time after BSA challenge, it appeared to increase after cessation of treatment in those animals which received the combined treatment of BSA plus 2 wk of cholesterol-supplemented diet. It would therefore appear that the atheromatous lesions seen as early as 2 wk after initiation of the experiment may already have been irreversible in terms of the resolution of established pathology.
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PMID:Effect of removal of cholesterol diet upon serum sickness-cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis. 566 61


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