Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The metabolic syndrome is a highly complex breakdown of normal physiology characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Type 2 diabetes is a major manifestation of this syndrome, although increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) often precedes the onset of frank clinical diabetes. Prevention and cure for this disease constellation is of major importance to world health. Because the metabolic syndrome affects multiple interacting organ systems (i.e., it is a systemic disease), a systems-level analysis of disease evolution is essential for both complete elucidation of its pathophysiology and improved approaches to therapy. The goal of this review is to provide a perspective on systems-level approaches to metabolic syndrome, with particular emphasis on type 2 diabetes. We consider that metabolic syndromes take over inherent dynamics of our body that ensure robustness against unstable food supply and pathogenic infections, and lead to chronic inflammation that ultimately results in CVD. This exemplifies how trade-offs between robustness against common perturbations (unstable food and infections) and fragility against unusual perturbations (high-energy content foods and low-energy utilization lifestyle) is exploited to form chronic diseases. Possible therapeutic approaches that target fragility of emergent robustness of the disease state have been discussed. A detailed molecular interaction map for adipocyte, hepatocyte, skeletal muscle cell, and pancreatic beta-cell cross-talk in the metabolic syndrome can be viewed at http://www.systems-biology.org/001/003.html.
 ...
PMID:Metabolic syndrome and robustness tradeoffs. 1556 23

To investigate the possible relationship between hyperhomocysteinaemia and retinal vascular occlusion, we measured plasma homocysteine levels in 25 patients with a history of retinal vascular occlusion in the previous 2 years and in a control group of 24. The difference in mean plasma homocysteine levels was not statistically significant. All except 5 of the cases had hypertension, diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidaemia. Most of the patients had branch retinal vein occlusion associated with recent onset of occlusion. Factors such as emotional status and associated systemic disease may play a role in predisposition of retinal vascular occlusion, so more-precise studies are needed to determine the possible risk factors of hyperhomocysteinaemia in retinal vascular occlusion.
 ...
PMID:Hyperhomocysteinaemia: risk of retinal vascular occlusion. 1633 56

We report on a 55-year-old man who was admitted with increased serum-creatinine (3.4 mg/dl), gross proteinuria (4.6 g/24 h) and arterial hypertension. The medical history included hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease (CAD) and a recent coronary angiography, but normal serum-creatinine and no proteinuria before coronary intervention. Serology and urinary analysis did not show any signs of a systemic disease. A renal biopsy, however, revealed multiple cholesterol crystal emboli in small vessels along with a typical infiltration of eosinophilic granulocytes. The patient was subsequently treated with an angiotensin-receptor-1 (AT1R) blocker and high-dose statins and was then evaluated for LDL-apheresis. Gross proteinuria was largely unaffected by (AT1R) blockade and renal function further declined necessitating, initiation of hemodialysis. Renal CCE with profound proteinuria is an unusual presentation of acute renal failure, potentially misleading and thereby prolonging correct diagnostics of a rare entity. Identification of high-risk patients is of utmost importance as efficient therapeutic strategies do not exist.
 ...
PMID:Gross proteinuria and subacute renal failure after coronary angiography - a case report of cholesterol crystal embolization. 2050 25

Regarding the high prevalence of hyperlipidaemia, which is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular disease, and uncertain reports about the relation between periodontal disease and serum lipid profile, this study was conducted to assess this relation. The historical cohort study was conducted on 52 cases including 26 persons with chronic periodontitis as case group, and 26 healthy subjects as control group. Both groups had the same age and weight ranges, sex, and diet, without any periodontal treatment history in the past six months, underling systemic disease such as diabetes, anti-hyperlipidemic drugs or active tobacco smoking history. Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Triglyceride (TG) and Total Cholesterol (CHOL) were measured by direct enzymatic assay. TG level was 128.4 +/- 71.1 mg/dl in control group and 165.2 +/- 83.7 in case group indicating a significantly higher level in case group (P<0.05). In control group, 30.8 percent and in case group, 61.5 percent had abnormal serum cholesterol levels, which presents a significantly higher level in case group (P<0.03). Other serum level indices did not show any significant difference. Although it seems that patients with chronic periodontal disease are more susceptible to hyperlipidemia, it is doubtful that the former causes an increase in serum lipid levels, so we suggest studying the effects of treating chronic periodontitis on serum lipid level.
 ...
PMID:Association between chronic periodontitis and serum lipid levels. 2113 69

Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease where atheromatous plaque is the basic lesion. A number of studies have shown that atherosclerotic lesions progress over time, when risk factors such as arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia are present. Many clinical trials have been conducted in the last decade, both with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs. These trials demonstrated that progression of atherosclerosis can be halted and even regression can be achieved. In studies with lipid-lowering drugs, the best results were achieved with a dramatic decrease in LDL cholesterol levels, obtained with statins, particularly when combined with a concomitant increase in HDL cholesterol. The treatment of hypertension provided better results on the endpoint atheromatous plaque with antihypertensive drugs belonging to the class of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers or calcium antagonists. Some studies were conducted both with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs, and a better control of lesion progression, together with its partial regression, was obtained. The best approach seems to be achieved with the combination of a specific intervention on lipid profile together with a targeted control of blood pressure.
 ...
PMID:[Atherosclerosis regression and plaque stabilization: comparison of therapeutic targets]. 2129 56

Because the differential diagnosis for glomerulonephritis (GN) is broad, using a classification schema is helpful to narrow the causes of GN in a systematic manner. The etiology of glomerulonephritis can be classified by their clinical presentation (nephrotic, nephritic, rapidly progressive GN, chronic GN) or by histopathology. GN may be restricted to the kidney (primary glomerulonephritis) or be a secondary to a systemic disease (secondary glomerulonephritis). The nephrotic syndrome is defined by the presence of heavy proteinuria (protein excretion greater than 3.0 g/24 hours), hypoalbuminemia (less than 3.0 g/dL), and peripheral edema. Hyperlipidemia and thrombotic disease may be present. The nephritic syndrome is associated with hematuria and proteinuria and abnormal kidney function and carries poorer prognosis and is typically associated with hypertension. The predominant cause of the nephrotic syndrome in children is minimal change disease. The most common causes of nephritic syndrome are post infectious GN, IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis. Chronic GN is slowly progressive and is associated with hypertension and gradual loss of kidney function. Treatment includes non-specific measure aimed at controlling hypertension, edema, proteinuria and disease modifying immunosuppression.
 ...
PMID:Clinical presentation & management of glomerular diseases: hematuria, nephritic & nephrotic syndrome. 2146 8

Kyrle's disease (KD) is a dermatosis which was first described by Kyrle as "hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis in cutem penetrans" in 1916. Perforating dermatoses are a heterogeneous disorder group characterised by transepithelial elimination. KD has been seen in association with multiple disorders, including diabetes mellitus, renal and liver diseases, congestive heart failure, hyperlipidaemia, infective diseases and abnormal metabolism of vitamin A. This case report presents two patients with KD with associated systemic disease.
...
PMID:Kyrle's disease. 2442 45

Granuloma annulare has been associated with systemic disease including diabetes mellitus. We report a case of a 62-year-old Japanese woman with generalized erythematous granuloma annulare who showed remission after substantial improvement in hyperlipidemia following a strict lipid-lowering diet. The lesion appeared in the lower abdomen one year before current presentation and subsequently spread to other areas of the trunk despite treatment with topical steroid and oral epinastine hydrochloride. Physical examination showed a well-demarcated erythematous plaque measuring 10 cm in diameter with fine scales on the left abdomen, and slightly indurated pinkish plaques of up to 5 cm in diameter on the right side of the abdomen and axillae. Clinical laboratory tests showed mild glucose intolerance (HbA1c 6.2%), mild liver dysfunction (AST: 86 IU/L, ALT: 76 IU/l), slight hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol: 235 mg/dl), and severe hyperlipidemia (triglyceride: 962 mg/ml). Histopathological examination of the lesions showed homogenization of collagen fibers and granulomatous infiltrates between fibers in the upper and middle dermis. A diagnosis of generalized erythematous granuloma annulare was established based on the clinical and histopathological findings, especially with the distribution on more than one anatomic site. A lipid-lowering diet for three months resulted in major improvement of hyperlipidemia and remission of the skin lesions. A review of generalized erythematous granuloma annulare in the Japanese literature indicated a well-known association of granuloma annulare with diabetes mellitus, however, the relation with hyperlipidemia was described only recently. This case suggests a possible relationship between granuloma annulare and hyperlipidemia, with possible improvement of granuloma annulare with a lipid-lowering diet.
...
PMID:Remission of generalized erythematous granuloma annulare after improvement of hyperlipidemia and review of the Japanese literature. 2452 May 23

Tendinous and subcutaneous xanthomas are most commonly associated with primary hyperlipidemia. Xanthomatosis caused by cholesterol deposition can be a high risk marker for cardiovascular disease related to premature atherosclerosis; thus, early recognition of this diagnosis may reduce mortality and morbidity. Achilles tendon involvement is most common, followed by the extensor tendons of the hand and elbow. We present an exceptional case of tendinous and tuberous xanthomas, with intraoperative and histologic correlation, in a 34-year-old female manifesting with xanthomatous deposits of nearly all ankle tendons, plantar aponeurosis, extensor tendons of the hands, and various locations within the integumentum. To the authors' knowledge, only four studies to date have focused specifically on imaging findings of multifocal xanthomas. Thus, the radiographic and MR imaging descriptions of xanthomas in this report further add to the existing literature by helping to identify imaging characteristics of this multifocal systemic disease. The diagnosis of this condition should alert the physician to the presence of a dyslipidemia that can be treated with dietary modifications and/or drug therapy.
...
PMID:An exceptional case of xanthomatous infiltration of the musculoskeletal and integumentary systems. 2569 Apr 26

Xanthoma is a very rare bone tumor, especially in the mandible, that can be associated with metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia. A 14-year-old girl presented with a non-corticated unilocular radiolucent lesion observed on panoramic radiography. The lesion was located between the roots of the left first and second premolar teeth, extending from the cervical to the apical region, measuring approximately 1 cm in greatest dimension. An excisional biopsy revealed foam cells and occasional nonfoamy mononuclear macrophage-like cells spread among a discrete fibrous stroma. Immunohistochemically, the xanthomatous cells were CD68 and vimentin positive, focally positive for S100, CD1a, and CD3 and negative for AE1/AE3, CD20, CD117, and HMB45. Hematologic and biochemical investigations ruled out systemic disease.
...
PMID:Primary mandibular xanthoma: case report. 2579 95


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>