Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antitumor effect and safety and endocrinological effect of a depot formulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogue ICI 118630 (Zoladex) were studied. Each depot containing 3.6 mg of ICI 118630 (corresponding to the average daily release of 120 micrograms) was subcutaneously injected 3 times at 4 week intervals to 12 prostate cancer patients in total at 4 centers from August 1984 to March 1985. Of the 12 patients, 7 showed an objective clinical response (1 CR and 6 PR patients), 3 showed no change and the remaining 2 showed PD. Overall subjective improvement was obtained in 8 of 10 patients (80.0%). Serum hormone levels (LH, FSH, and testosterone) increased immediately after injection of depot and then significantly decreased during and after 2 weeks of treatment. These changes seen in 100% of the patients were attributable to the pharmacological action of the drug. Medical castration was attained in 3.1 +/- 0.9 weeks on average. Observed side effects included gynecomastia in 1 and hyperlipidemia in 2 patients which were all mild. The trial was continued in the patients who required no special medical treatment. Changes in blood Zoladex concentrations suggested no accumulation. These findings demonstrate the safety and useful endocrinological and antitumor effects of Zoladex in prostate cancer through its pharmacological action, that is, LH-RH agonistic action.
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PMID:[Clinical effect of slow release (depot) formulation of the LH-RH analogue ICI 118630 (Zoladex) in patients with prostatic carcinoma]. 295 79

The blood levels of hydroxycorticosteroid-11 (11-HOCS) before and after dexamethasone, somatomedins, cholesterol, triglycerides, beta-lipoproteins and cholesterol of high-density lipoproteins were studied in 55 patients with prostatic adenoma and 75 cases of prostatic cancer. It was found that the hypothalamo-pituitary system is resistant to inhibition by dexamethasone in both groups, while elevation of absolute level of 11-HOCS was observed in cases of adenoma. Patients with prostatic cancer revealed a higher blood serum-somatomedin level. Triglyceride level was relatively higher, and diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia (type IIb and IV) were slightly more frequent in patients with prostatic adenoma. This was matched by a relatively higher level of cholesterol and more frequent hyperlipidemia type IIa in cancer patients.
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PMID:[Dexamethasone test, somatomedin level and other metabolic indices in adenoma and cancer of the prostate]. 618 84

The first vasectomy operation was carried out 100 years ago in patients with prostate hyperplasia with symptoms. Then it became extensively used for hereditary hygiene purposes/eugenics, especially after the passing of the sterilization law in Denmark in 1935. In Nazi Germany, vasectomies and castrations were also used for forced sterilization of undesired races. Vasectomy has become a popular method of fertility control, especially in the US. In Denmark it is also popular, and since the 1973 sterilization law, approximately 100,000 procedures have been performed with a 95% rate of satisfaction. Vasectomy seems not to be as harmless as previously thought. The blockage of the transport route from the testes does not stop spermatogenesis. Spermatozoa are a certain kind of foreign matter which are first produced in puberty and act as antigens vis-a-vis other organisms. Certain immune complexes are formed that can have implication for a number of autoimmune diseases. Later in life vasectomy can be a potentiating factor in arteriosclerosis according to rhesus monkey experiments. Men with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or heavy smokers should not undergo vasectomy. On the other hand, a 1990 epidemiological study showed no increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in vasectomized men. Yet the immune complexes could have other, more serious biological consequences. In large cohort studies the connection to testicular cancer has not been proven with certainty, but there may be an increased risk of prostate cancer among the vasectomized. The American Urological Association (AUA) has recently recommended that men over 40 who had been vasectomized should undergo examination and tests for prostate-specific antigen every year for early detection of cancer. There has been no indication of an increased mortality from prostate cancer among vasectomized men in the above epidemiological studies, but the AUA advises counseling patients about the possible connection.
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PMID:[Vasectomy]. 800 96

In China, an estimated 30 million men have undergone vasal voluntary sterilization, and about 11.97% of Chinese couples rely on vasectomy, according to a 1990 survey. The no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) and the percutaneous chemical vas occlusion methods are major developments in vasectomy technique with an effectiveness rate of over 98% for both. In a study in Thailand, complication rates were 0.4/100 cases for NSV and 3.1 for the incisional approach. Since 1971, over 10 million Chinese men have undergone NSV. Vas ligation is the most popularly used method in China. It has provided 98% of effectiveness in a comprehensive survey involving 64,656 vasectomies in 8 provinces. As an alternative to vas ligation, electrocoagulation creates a firm scar that effectively occludes the ends of the vas. The contraceptive efficacy of electric cautery was reported at 99.62%-100% in 7439 vasectomies during a period of 10 years; azoospermia and complication rates were 0% and 0.53%, respectively, in 1088 vasectomies. The complication rate was less than 2%, including hematoma, infection, painful sperm granuloma, epididymitis, and sexual dysfunction, in a comprehensive survey involving 179,741 vasectomies in 8 provinces. 2 large cross-sectional epidemiologic studies done in Sichuan Province showed that men with vasectomies were not at greater risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes than men who had not undergone the procedure. Recently, 2 epidemiological studies conducted in the US suggested that vasectomy may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. The risk of developing prostate cancer by the age of 80 is about 1 in 500 in Shanghai. Whereas approximately 1 of 11 men in the US will develop prostate cancer. It is possible that the disease goes undiagnosed, but a combination of diet and hormonal factors related to race may help explain some of the variation.
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PMID:Vasal sterilization in China. 822 55

The purpose of this report is to examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, across patient populations with chronic disorders and to compare quality of life (QoL) in these subjects with normative data on healthy persons. Six studies, within the Center for Research in Chronic Disorders at the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, in patients with urinary incontinence, prostate cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), fibromyalgia and hyperlipidaemia provided the data for analysis. The results demonstrated that not only did the prostate cancer and hyperlipidaemia patients have the highest QoL across the chronic disorders, but their QoL was comparable to normative data on healthy persons. Homebound, elderly, incontinent patients had the lowest QoL for physical functioning, whereas patients hospitalized with AIDS had the lowest QoL in general health and social functioning. Patients with COPD had the lowest QoL in role-physical, role-emotional and mental health. Patients with fibromyalgia had the lowest QoL in bodily pain and vitality. Compared to normative data, patients with urinary incontinence, COPD, AIDS and fibromyalgia generally had lower QoL. Prostate cancer and hyperlipidaemia patients had QoL comparable to normative data. Compared to normative data, patients with urinary incontinence, COPD, AIDS and fibromyalgia had more variability for role-emotional. AIDS patients had more variability on physical functioning, bodily pain and social functioning compared to the normative data. These data suggest that patients with various chronic disorders may have QoL that is lower in most domains compared to a healthy population. However, there may be differences in the domains affected as well as the extent of variation across specific chronic disorders.
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PMID:Health-related quality of life in chronic disorders: a comparison across studies using the MOS SF-36. 948 Nov 51

A growing body of evidence supports preventive interventions in asymptomatic adults. Primary prevention, which includes counselling (in particular for smoking cessation) and review of immunisation status, has been shown to be more cost-effective than secondary prevention. Evidence supports screening for hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and obesity. Screening for lung, pancreatic and ovarian cancer has no effect on outcome and should not be performed. Controversial preventive interventions include general screening for diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders and prostate cancer. Physicians should be aware of a possible hidden agenda in patients presenting for a checkup.
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PMID:Evidence for prevention and screening: recommendations in adults. 1242 90

In a matched case-control study using the General Practice Research Database, current statin use was not associated with a significantly altered risk of any of 13 studied cancers. Untreated hyperlipidaemia was associated with slightly increased risks of colon cancer (relative risk 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.2-2.8), prostate cancer (1.5; 1.1-2.0), and bladder cancer (1.9; 1.2-3.1).
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PMID:Statin use and cancer risk in the General Practice Research Database. 1476 Mar 77

A growing body of evidence supports or rejects preventive interventions in asymptomatic adults. Thus, counseling for smoking cessation and some immunizations have been shown to be cost-effective. Evidence supports screening for body weight (obesity), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer. Screening for lung, pancreatic and ovarian cancer has no effect on outcome and should not be performed. Controversial preventive interventions include general screening for diabetes mellitus in the young adult, thyroid disorders and prostate cancer. Physicians should be aware of a possible hidden agenda in patients presenting for a check-up.
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PMID:[Check-up-examinations in internal medicine]. 1636 64

The objective of this study was to evaluate the scientific evidence on flaxseed, including expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing. Electronic searches were conducted in 9 databases, 20 additional journals (not indexed in common databases), and bibliographies from 50 selected secondary references. No restrictions were placed on the language or quality of the publications. All literature collected pertained to efficacy in humans, dosing, precautions, adverse effects, use in pregnancy/lactation, interactions, alteration of laboratory assays, and mechanisms of action. Standardized inclusion/exclusion criteria are used for selection. Grades were assigned using an evidence-based grading rationale. A review of the literature on flaxseed yielded 13 categories for which flaxseed had been studied in humans, including constipation/laxative, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis/coronary artery disease, breast cancer, cyclic mastalgia (breast pain), menopausal symptoms, hyperglycemia/diabetes, hypertension, lupus nephritis, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and prostate cancer. Most of the available evidence investigates the efficacy of alpha-linoleic acid found in flaxseed compared with fish oil, and almost all of the available studies are poor quality. Although flaxseed and flaxseed oil have several promising future uses, the available literature does not support recommendation for any condition at this time.
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PMID:Flax and flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum): a review by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. 1776 Nov 28

CYP 3A4 plays a vital role in the metabolism of many drugs including immunosuppressants. An association between a transition of A --> G at position -290 of the 5'-regulatory region of the CYP 3A4 gene and an effect on the level of transcription has been reported. The CYP 3A4-G variant frequency varies substantially in different populations. In addition it has been demonstrated in association with several disease conditions, including clinical grades of prostate cancer, breast cancer, secondary leukemia, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes. We sought to determine the frequency distributions, in African American (AFAM) and Caucasian (CAU) populations as well as patients with multiple complex diseases, such as those that had undergone cardiac or renal transplantation. Sequence-specific primers and PCR were used to determine genotype variation in 206 AFAM and 108 CAU individuals. CYP 3A4-G genotype was present with a higher frequency in AFAM individuals as compared with CAU (83% vs. 3%, p < 0.0001, RR = 3.9). The homozygous AA allele was predominantly present in CAU (97%) but only 17% in AFAM (p < 0.0001, RR = 2.5). In contrast, the homozygous GG allele was only detected in AFAM group (14.6%). The frequency distribution of homozygous GG and AA alleles were inversely present in male vs. female patients with CTx or RTx. Pre-transplantation clinical conditions demonstrated that hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia and to a lesser extent diabetes (DM) were present in CTx and RTx patients with homozygous GG alleles. In addition, 75% of AFAM patients with homozygous GG genotype experienced multiple rejection episodes with severity grades of 3A after cardiac transplantation, and 31.5% of homozygous GG patients with RTx suffered from rejections (p < 0.05; RR = 2.4). In conclusion, CYP 3A4 genotype demonstrated a remarkable interindividual variation between AFAM and CAU populations, and furthermore CTx patients with homozygous GG genotype were at higher risk of developing rejection as compared with RTx patients. This indicates an underlying heterogeneity with regard to the disease characteristics as well as the therapy regimen.
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PMID:Frequency distribution of cytochrome P450 3A4 gene polymorphism in ethnic populations and in transplant recipients. 1797 99


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