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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Xanthomas most often occur in conjunction with a primary or secondary disorder of lipid metabolism. A range of metabolic disturbances has been described in association with protease inhibitors, including lipodystrophy, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. Ritonavir has been repeatedly shown to be the most common protease inhibitor to induce these metabolic abnormalities. This report highlights a case of both tuberous and tendinous xanthomata secondary to ritonavir-associated hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Tuberous and tendinous xanthomata secondary to ritonavir-associated hyperlipidemia. 1585 17

Although the clinical significance of gastric xanthelasmas is unclear, they are important lesions because they may be confused with malignant lesions. The etiopathogenesis is also unclear, but chronic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia have been implicated. Xanthelasma is more frequent in women and its incidence increases with age. The lesions are frequently located in the stomach, and less frequently in the esophagus, duodenum and the colon. The lesions have a yellowish-white appearance, are between 0.5 and 10 mm in size and can be single or multiple. Xanthelasmas were found to be associated with chronic gastritis, gastrointestinal anastomoses, intestinal metaplasia, and H. pylori infection. These lesions are predisposing conditions for gastric cancer. Therefore, endoscopic biopsy is mandatory and careful follow-up is required. In this paper, four patients who attended hospital with abdominal pain and dyspepsia and by chance were found to have xanthelasmas on endoscopic examination are presented, and gastric xanthelasmas are discussed.
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PMID:An uncommon lesion: gastric xanthelasma. 1624 31

Chylomicronemia is present when triglyceride levels exceed 1000 mg/dL. Chylomicronemia, when accompanied by eruptive xanthoma, lipemia retinalis, or abdominal symptoms, is referred to as the "chylomicronemia syndrome" and can cause acute pancreatitis. Treatment aimed at reducing triglyceride levels includes lifestyle modifications to promote weight loss with diet and physical activity coupled with medications, including fibrates, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and nicotinic acid. Chylomicronemic patients with acute pancreatitis require insulinization in an inpatient setting to abolish chylomicronemia.
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PMID:Chylomicronemia and the chylomicronemia syndrome: a practical approach to management. 1818 65

In recent years, the association between hyperlipidemia and the development of arteriosclerosis has been addressed in several studies. Rabbit models of hypertriglyceridemia (TGH) and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PHT) have been developed at the authors' institute. TGH rabbits manifest pathology similar to that of humans with TGH, such as xanthoma, in addition to atherosclerosis of arterioles. Furthermore, PHT rabbits show visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance, with pathologic features similar to those of the metabolic syndrome assumed to be the cause of human ischemic heart disease. This study was designed to investigate the histopathologic features of TGH and PHT rabbits. TGH rabbits showed advanced aortic atherosclerosis, accompanied by intimal thickening of coronary and renal arteries, fatty liver changes, and xanthoma. PHT rabbits demonstrated aortic intimal thickening and hepatic fatty degeneration. The results of this study suggest that TGH and PHT rabbits are useful animal models for studying human hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome and the cardiovascular diseases that result from these conditions.
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PMID:Pathologic findings in rabbit models of hereditary hypertriglyceridemia and hereditary postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. 1900 73

This paper highlights two cases of paediatric familial hyperlipidaemia (hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia). The first case was an 11 year old Chinese boy, a "homozygous" (Type II) hypercholesterolaemic patient. He had extremely high blood cholesterol level (19.4 mmol/l), severe multiple xanthoma and abnormal resting electrocardiogram. He had repeated heart attacks and died at the age of 15 in spite of early intervention, treatment and follow up. The second case was a 2 1/2 years old girl who had severe hypertriglyceridaemia. She had raised cholesterol (6.2 mmol/l) and extremely high triglycerides (14.8 mmol/l). The patient did not resemble Type I lipoproteinaemia which is classically seen in childhood. On the contrary, the patient exhibited clinical and biochemical manifestations of a Type V lipoproteinaemia which often occurs in adults. Apart from a Type V lipoprotein pattern, the patient had low post hepatic lipase activity (PHLA), Apo C II and Apo E2/E3 phenotype. In addition, the lipid profile of her family members (both the parents and brothers) had raised triglycerides and thus ruled out the Type I lipoprotein inheritance pattern, which is an autosomal recessive condition. The issue of paediatric hyperlipidaemia, their management and treatments are discussed.
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PMID:Familial hyperlipidaemia in Malaysian children. 1983 55

A 6-year-old female spayed Boxer mix dog was presented with multiple cutaneous masses, one of which was determined to be a xanthoma. Fine-needle aspirates of this mass revealed large round cells that were consistent with macrophages. These macrophages had lightly basophilic cytoplasm that was filled with many clear circular spaces that varied in size. The nuclei of these cells displayed mild anisokaryosis with condensed chromatin and lacked prominent nucleoli. The cytologic interpretation was lipid-laden histiocytic inflammation most consistent with a cutaneous xanthoma, which was confirmed histologically. Mild hypertriglyceridemia and persistent moderate hypercholesterolemia were present. After ruling out other causes of hyperlipidemia, we concluded that the dog likely had idiopathic hyperlipidemia with secondary xanthoma formation.
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PMID:Idiopathic solitary cutaneous xanthoma in a dog. 2129 85

Xanthelasma Palpebrarum is the most common of the xanthomas with asymptomatic, symmetrical, bilateral, soft, yellow, velvety, polygonal papules around the eyelids. Xanthelasmas may be associated with hyperlipidemia. This prospective study included 66 clinically diagnosed patients with Xanthelasma Palpebrarum and 50 controls with non-inflammatory skin disorders. Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and VLDL estimated in all cases indicated that patients with Xanthelasma Palpebrarum have underlying lipid abnormalities.
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PMID:Xanthelasma Palpebrarum-clinical and biochemical profile in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi. 2310 4

We report the case of a 51-year-old male smoker with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia and a long history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection treated with various antiretroviral regimes, who was referred to the otolaryngology department with progressive dysphonia. Fibre-optic laryngoscopy showed a solitary, yellowish-white pedunculated polyp on the anterior third of the left cord, with no other abnormality. Pathological analysis revealed a polypoid laryngeal xanthoma that was immunoreactive against CD68, perilipin, and adipophilin. This unusual laryngeal lesion in the clinical context of our patient suggests a possible role of antiretroviral treatment in the pathogenesis of these xanthomas.
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PMID:Solitary polypoid laryngeal xanthoma. 2376 10

Severe hypertriglyceridemia can cause the deposit of lipids in the dermis (eruptive xanthomas) and in the retina (lipemia retinalis). Lipemia retinalis and eruptive xanthoma are occasionally seen in patients with diabetes mellitus and are thought to be due to abnormalities in the serum lipid fractions. Here a 15 year's old girl presented with typical symptoms of diabetes with skin lesions over hands and feet. On examination skin lesions were non-tender yellow papules with creamy-colored centers on extensor surfaces of the arms, hands and feet. Ophthalmoscopic examination showed creamy white retinal vessels with a faded pinkish white retinal back ground both in the periphery and posterior pole of the retina. Laboratory findings showed a grossly lipemic serum with markedly elevated serum levels of triglycerides 8869mg/dl cholesterol 498mg/dl. Her fasting blood glucose was 20.8mmol/l, 2 hours after breakfast was 50.5mmol/l and HbA1c was 14.6%. Eruptive xanthomas and lipaemia retinalis can occur in primary and secondary hyperlipoproteinemias, therefore a careful personal and family history as well as laboratory investigations is recommended in order to detect an underlying cause.
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PMID:Hypertriglyceridemia associated with eruptive xanthomas and lipemia retinalis in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. 2398 56

Xanthomas are rare bone tumors that occur more often in the appendicular skeleton and typically appear radiographically benign, with a narrow zone of transition and a sclerotic rim. We report the case of a 57-year-old woman with hyperlipidemia presenting with bilateral shoulder pain after minor trauma. Radiographic and histopathologic investigation demonstrated intraosseous xanthoma with atypical features, including multifocality, a wide zone of transition and pathologic fractures-characteristics more commonly associated with aggressive lesions such as multiple myeloma or metastasis. The diagnosis, imaging, and histological appearance of xanthoma of bone are reviewed.
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PMID:Bilateral primary xanthoma of the humeri with pathologic fractures: A case report. 2419 13


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