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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Secondary hyperlipidemia is a common laboratory finding in children with nephrotic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism. However, clinical signs of hyperlipidemia are extremely rare in childhood. We report on an 11-year-old girl who presented with a disseminated yellow papulomatous rash on the lower limbs and yellow skin creases on the palms of her hands. Blood tests yielded an opaque serum with a triglyceride concentration of 820 mg/dL and cholesterol of 1050 mg/dL. Skin biopsy of one of the papules confirmed the diagnosis of xanthomas. Additional examinations revealed clinical (weight gain, diminished growth rate) and biochemical primary hypothyroidism (free T4: 0.4 ng/L [normal 8-22 ng/L]; thyroid-stimulating hormone: >200 mU/L) as a consequence of Hashimoto thyroiditis (thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin: 4400 U/mL and >2000 U/mL, respectively; normal <60 U/mL). The patient was started on L-thyroxine, which led to a gradual decline of cholesterol and triglycerides to normal concentrations and a complete remission from the xanthomatous rash. For the first time, this case depicts disseminated xanthomas of the skin as the presenting complaint of severe hypothyroidism. hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, xanthoma.
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PMID:Unmasking of childhood hypothyroidism by disseminated xanthomas. 1169 80

An 18-month-old, male greylag goose was presented for assessment of multiple, semi-pedunculated cutaneous masses limited to non-feathered areas of skin. Initial biopsy and histopathology revealed a mesenchymal neoplasm suggestive of lipoblastomatosis or atypical xanthoma. Immunohistochemistry was unsuccessful in determining the tissue type of origin. Surgical resection of all masses was prevented by the mucocutaneous location of several masses. Chemotherapy using intralesion cisplatin was unsuccessful in resolving the masses but was well-tolerated by the goose. Serum lipid and lipoprotein analysis revealed a persistent hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia without biochemical evidence of an underlying metabolic disease. The persistent hyperlipidaemia may have contributed to the formation of the masses identified in this case.
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PMID:Atypical multiple, papilliform, xanthomatous, cutaneous neoplasia in a goose (Anser anser). 1207 6

A xanthoma, located in the ulna, not accompanied by the traditional cutaneous and tendinous manifestations (xanthoma and xanthelasma) and with a late onset of alterations in lipid values, was diagnosed in a 56-year-old man. The lesion had a slow but constant growth leading to internal calcifications. Hyperlipidemia Type IIB occurred 15 years after the xanthoma first was detected by radiographs. Therefore, in this patient, xanthoma of bone was the first sign of dyslipidemia.
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PMID:Xanthoma of bone: first sign of hyperlipidemia type IIB: a case report. 1277 40

Little attention has been paid to colorectal xanthoma. To clarify the clinical and pathological features of colorectal xanthoma, we report 28 colorectal xanthomas biopsied from 25 patients. All were composed of typical xanthoma cells and showed polypoid configuration. Median age of the patients was 64 years and there were 15 men and 10 women. Diabetes mellitus, constipation, and hyperlipidemia were found in two, one, and seven patients, respectively. Seventeen (60.7%) of the 28 polyps were located in the sigmoid colon and the remaining 11 in the rectum. Twenty-three polyps (82.1%) were sessile. Twelve (60.0%) of twenty polyps that were recorded were reddish in color. Only two polyps revealed a yellowish tone. Microscopically, foamy cells were present in the lamina propria, but the submucosa did not contain foamy cells. Immunohistochemically, the foamy cells invariably expressed extensive positivity for CD68. The colonic glands showed a deformity in the case with moderate to intense density of the foamy cells. The surface epithelium showed a hyperplastic change in 22 (78.6%) xanthomas. The colonic glands in four xanthomas were also associated with hyperplastic changes. The basement membrane of the surface epithelium was often thickened. Cell debris and proliferation of the capillaries were observed just below the surface epithelium in 19 (67.9%) and 22 (78.6%) xanthomas, respectively. Previous mucosal minute injury was suggested as the pathogenesis of colorectal xanthomas. Colorectal xanthomas were not identical to gastric and esophageal xanthoma, endoscopically or microscopically. We prefer the term "xanthomatous polyp" rather than xanthoma in the colorectal region. They may be regarded as a novel type of colorectal non-neoplastic polyp.
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PMID:Colorectal xanthomas with polypoid lesion: report of 25 cases. 1496 68

Xanthomas are deposits of lipids in the skin and sometimes of the subcutaneous tissue that are expressed clinically as yellowish papules and plaques, nodules, and tumors. They are often, but not always, a consequence of hyperlipidemia. In these cases, a meticulous work-up nearly always reveals some disturbance in regards to the metabolism of the lipids-lack of certain lipoproteins, for example. Xanthoma tuberosum and tendinosum occur in persons with familiar hypercholesterolemia, palmar crease xanthoma in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, plane xanthoma in persons with an underlying lymphoproliferative disorder (or normolipemic), and eruptive xanthoma in those with a genetically-transmitted lipoprotenemia. In sum, each type of xanthoma and any associated abnormality in lipid metabolism can be diagnosed with specificity. Xanthomas are deposits of lipid in the skin or subcutaneous tissue that manifest clinically as yellowish papules, nodules and tumors. They are often associated with hyperlipidemias, although some of them may be normolipemic. Xanthomas result when abnormalities in the transportation of lipids such as cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids cause these lipids to be deposited in the skin and being ingested by tissue macrophages. When they are deposited in the walls of arteries, they promote the development of atherosclerosis. Sometimes, by identifying the clinical variant of the xanthoma, the lipoprotein that is deposited and the clinical associations can be predicted. This discussion will focus on those xanthomas associated with hyperlipidemias.
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PMID:Xanthomas: a marker for hyperlipidemias. 1503 23

Xanthomas are cutaneous lesions due to a local accumulation of spumous cells in the dermal tissue or the tendons. Histologically, they are characterized by the presence of histiocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and Touton cells full of lipids. Xanthomas may be found on any part of the body and are usually yellow-orange in color. They may or may not be associated to hyperlipoproteinemia which may be genetic or secondary. A blood test and a complete physical examination are necessary in case such a lesion is discovered. When there is no hyperlipemia some types of xanthomas may be associated to rare diseases. Xanthomas are classified according to their clinical features.
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PMID:[Xanthomas]. 1503 43

We report the imaging features of a rare case of xanthoma in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa involving the frontal bone and orbit. A 42-year-old man presented with a history of proptosis, headache, and hyperlipidemia. Computed tomography demonstrated a well-circumscribed, homogenous, expansive mass with isodensity to brain parenchyma. On magnetic resonance imaging, the tumor showed high signal intensity relative to brain white matter on T1-weighted images, with heterogeneously high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Histological examination established a diagnosis of xanthoma.
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PMID:CT and MRI findings of xanthoma in the orbitofrontal region. 1517 7

The painting Mona Lisa in the Louvre, Paris, by Leonardo da Vinci (1503-1506), shows skin alterations at the inner end of the left upper eyelid similar to xanthelasma, and a swelling of the dorsum of the right hand suggestive of a subcutaneous lipoma. These findings in a 25-30 year old woman, who died at the age of 37, may be indicative of essential hyperlipidemia, a strong risk factor for ischemic heart disease in middle age. As far as is known, this portrait of Mona Lisa painted in 1506 is the first evidence that xanthelasma and lipoma were prevalent in the sixteenth century, long before the first description by Addison and Gall in 1851.
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PMID:Xanthelasma and lipoma in Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. 1532 39

Xanthoma is a lesion containing abundant foamy histiocytes most commonly occurring in superficial soft tissues such as skin, subcutis, or tendon sheaths. The involvement of deep skeletal structures, however, is rare and has only been infrequently reported in the English literature. Most xanthomas occur in patients with hyperlipidemic disorders. We report a case of a xanthoma in the sacrum and ilium of a patient with hyperlipidemia type IIa, who had chronic lower back pain for more than 20 years. On radiographs the lesion appeared multiloculated and osteolytic with a thin sclerotic border and containing multiple nodular calcifications within its matrix. Computed tomographic images revealed a presacral soft-tissue mass that also infiltrated the adjacent sacroiliac joint and iliac fossa. On histologic examination, abundant areas of xanthoma cells and cholesterol clefts, typical of xanthoma, were present. The patient received simple curettage of the lesion, and his symptoms were markedly relieved.
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PMID:Xanthoma of the sacrum. 1537 88

Xanthoma disseminatum is a rare, benign, non-Langerhans' cell histiocytic disorder of unknown etiology. A case is presented of a 71-year-old man with a three-year history of disseminated symmetric yellowish papules and plaques on the skin of the face, neck, flexor regions, trunk, extremities and oral mucosa, with fatty infiltration of the liver and pancreas, and cardiac complaints. Xanthomatous rhinophyma predominated on the face. Clinical, immunohistochemistry and histology findings indicated the diagnosis of xanthoma disseminatum. Although the patient had a positive family history of cardiovascular diseases and a number of symptoms that are often associated with hyperlipidemia, repeat plasma levels were always within the normal limits. The case was interesting because of a number of etiologic factors that could be connected with the appearance of xanthomas in our patient. Therefore it was difficult to classify the disease into one of well-defined nosologic entities. The case report is supplemented with a review of relevant literature.
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PMID:Xanthoma disseminatum: case report. 1558 63


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