Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present a 35-year-old male patient with a recurrent xanthoma within the dermis of the elbow. There was no clinical evidence of hyperlipidaemia. The very unusual feature in this case was the presence of a plexiform growth pattern, not to our knowledge previously described in xanthomata. This necessitated distinction from a true neoplasm, most particularly of neural type.
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PMID:Plexiform xanthoma: an unusual variant. 178 41

Hyperlipoproteinaemia, notably types II and IV, may give rise to various musculoskeletal disorders. Mono-, oligo- or polyarthritis, or even simple arthralgias, are often encountered in patients with severe type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia, the most satisfactory tentative explanation for this being a microcrystalline pathology. Tendinitis is also frequent, particularly in children. The same manifestations have also been reported, although more occasionally, in type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia. Skeletal lesions, such as xanthoma or lipoma ossificans, are extremely rare. Other musculoskeletal disorders, including gout and aseptic osteonecrosis, are often associated with hyperlipidaemia. Some diseases may induce secondary hyperlipidaemia but have their own rheumatological manifestations. Finally, lipid-lowering drugs, such as fibrates and statines, sometimes induce disabling myalgias.
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PMID:[Hyperlipidemia and osteoarticular manifestations]. 185 98

Rats made uremic by 2-stage 5/6 nephrectomy and sham-operated control animals were fed either a normal laboratory chow, a high-sucrose (60%) or a high-fat (10% cholesterol; 20% olive oil) diet, all containing 21% protein and identical amounts of electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements. Serum creatinine levels remained unchanged in the control animals but rose in the 5/6 nephrectomised uremic animals by a factor of 2.7 from a mean of 0.44 +/- 0.05 mg/dl to 1.20 +/- 0.11 mg/dl at 8 weeks, without differences between the dietary groups. During 8 weeks of dietary regimen the high-sucrose and high-fat diets induced significant hypertriglyceridemia, generally similar in control and uremic rats. The uremic animals on a high-sucrose and high-fat diet had the most pronounced rise in serum triglycerides, 331.5 +/- 89.0 and 298.0 +/- 45.0 mg/dl, respectively (control: 159.9 +/- 14.0 mg/dl). After 4 and 8 weeks, only the animals on the high-fat diet had significant hypercholesterolemia, most pronounced in the uremic animals (356 +/- 56.3 mg/dl; control: 71.6 +/- 12.9 mg/dl). The animals in the latter group also had significant proteinuria and renal histologic abnormalities consisting of xanthoma-like glomerular lesions, infiltrates and fibrosis not seen in the other groups of animals. These data indicate that dietary-induced hyperlipidemia of short duration causes or aggravates renal damage in the rat with mild-moderate uremia, induced by ablation.
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PMID:Dietary-induced hyperlipidemia and renal function in the uremic rat. 186 74

The Authors describe the case of a woman affected by generalized plane xanthoma and IgG multiple myeloma with k type immunoglobulins. The association between the two affections is well known. The antilipoprotein activity of the paraprotein has been proved in some cases, associated or not to hyperlipemia. The pathogenetic mechanism of plane xanthoma formation is described briefly. The possible occurrence of plane xanthoma with multiple myeloma is stressed, along with the possible association with other systemic diseases.
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PMID:[Normolipemic plane xanthomas and IgG-k multiple myeloma. Description of a clinical case]. 212 22

A 63-year-old woman with fibrous histiocytomas showed cholesterol deposition in the setting of type IIB hyperlipidemia. The two lesions involved the left leg and right thigh. One had typical features of a fibrous histiocytoma including changes of the overlying epidermis. The other was essentially replaced by cholesterol deposits and could not be differentiated from a tuberous xanthoma. This case illustrates the histiocytic response of fibrous histiocytomas to a hyperlipoproteinemic microenvironment.
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PMID:Cholesterotic fibrous histiocytoma. Its association with hyperlipoproteinemia. 232 98

The reports in the radiologic literature of osseous xanthoma are very rare. We reported a case of xanthoma of the skull without hyperlipidemia. The bony changes is well-marginated radiolucent lesion with marginal sclerosis and an central nidus of bone.
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PMID:[A case of xanthoma of the skull]. 223 80

Recent trials have investigated the usefulness of fenofibrate, alone and in combination with other lipid-lowering therapies, in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Studies of fenofibrate + bile acid sequestrants demonstrate that these two therapies may have an additive effect in reducing total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia or familial hypercholesterolemia. These lipoprotein changes have been associated with a regression of tendon xanthoma. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that bile acid sequestrants do not alter the absorption or the plasma levels of fenofibrate. The combined use of fenofibrate with bile acid sequestrants has been found to be comparably effective with the new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, synvinolin, with respect to the reduction of total cholesterol and LDL. Although synvinolin was more effective in lowering LDL, VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced to a greater extent with fenofibrate. Another notable difference was that fenofibrate + bile acids more markedly increased HDL levels. The combination of fenofibrate + nicotinic acid also appears to have a beneficial effect on lipoproteins. These preliminary results indicate that fenofibrate may be a useful addition to the present lipid-lowering drug armamentarium.
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PMID:Review of clinical studies of fenofibrate in combination with currently approved lipid-lowering drugs. 265 23

We describe a patient with a lesion on the nose, which clinically seemed a filiform wart; when the histological examination was performed we diagnosed a verruciform xanthoma. Looking at the literature we saw that the clinical diagnosis of this lesion had never been possible. Moreover, the histopathology always showed a peculiar pattern: a very dense infiltrate of foamy cells which completely removed the upper dermis and stopped at the basis of the rete ridges. Hyperlipemia was found in no cases, when specific tests were performed. Most cases reported were in the oral cavity. Age, sex and race do not seem to be relevant. The etiology of this lesion is unknown. Authors always discuss the pathogenesis, i.e. whether the first damage responsible for the formation of the foamy cells is in the epidermis or in the dermis. Other hypothesis have been suggested. Nevertheless, the majority of the Authors agree about the histiocytic origin of the xanthoma cells.
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PMID:[Verruciform xanthoma. Presentation of a case and review of the literature]. 267 Jul 57

In a 4-year-old boy with steriod-resistant syndrome and extreme hyperlipidemia, an intense pruritic papular eruption developed on the trunk, buttocks, and extensor surface of the extremities. Findings from a skin biopsy specimen were consistent with an eruptive xanthoma. The patient was treated with gemfibrozil (Lopid), a low-fat diet, and antihistamines. Within 1 month pruritus diminished, the cutaneous lesions resolved, and serum lipid levels declined.
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PMID:Eruptive xanthomas in a child with the nephrotic syndrome. 280 50

In the present report we describe a patient with multiple myeloma and long-standing paraproteinemia who developed xanthoma in the absence of an elevation in plasma cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations. Studies demonstrated that our patient's monoclonal IgG antibody interacted with apoprotein B-100. The LDL-antibody complex isolated from our patient did not affect the degradation of LDL by human fibroblasts, indicating that while IgG derived from our patient interacted with LDL it did not alter the metabolism of this lipoprotein by the LDL receptor pathway. Since the LDL receptor pathway is the major route of LDL metabolism, this probably explains why our patient was not hyperlipidemic. In contrast to an absence of effect on the LDL receptor, our patient's LDL-antibody complex stimulated cholesterol esterification within macrophages indicating the uptake and degradation of the LDL-antibody complex. The LDL-antibody complex inhibited the degradation of acetyl LDL by macrophages (scavenger pathway), demonstrating that our patient's LDL-antibody complex was recognized as a modified LDL. Moreover, mixing Ig from our patient with normal LDL also resulted in the normal LDL increasing the esterification of cholesterol by macrophages. One can hypothesize that our patient's monoclonal IgG-LDL complex interacted with the macrophage scavenger receptor, thereby resulting in the occurrence of xanthoma in the absence of hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Cutaneous xanthoma in association with paraproteinemia in the absence of hyperlipidemia. 292 22


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