Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 48 year old male patient presented with xanthomatosis, hyperbeta lipoproteinemia and hyper-IgA globulinemia; these two serum components occurred as a "complex." The patient has subsequently been studied for 22 years (1952 to 1974). His serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels have been consistently and excessively high despite efforts to regulate them by means of diet or diet and drugs. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration ranged from 1,400 to 3,400 mg/dl compared with a normal value of 156 plus or minus 92 mg/dl. The metabolism of lipoproteins, judged by vitamin A turnover studies was slow. Peripheral atherosclerosis became evident 15 years after beginning the study whereas cinecoronary arteriography concurrently demonstrated only minimum changes. Xanthomas exhibited marked regression only during the last 6 years, after 16 years of diet and the addition of clofibrate for 7 years. Beta lipoprotein and IgA globulin determined by immunofluorescent and immunoelectrophoretic technics were demonstrated in the atherosclerotic material obtained from the patient's arterial wall. They were also found in the plasma cells of the bone marrow. The IgA globulin-beta lipoprotein complex in the serum was broken with difficulty. The patient's isolated IgA globulin, free of lipoprotein, formed a firm complex when mixed with beta lipoprotein prepared from normal human serum. Initially, IgA globulin studies showed presence of both kappa and lambda light chains in normal proportion. But after 18 years, the IgA globulin has become monoclonal, type lambda. The plasma cells of the bone marrow have become progressively more atypical and immature. No clinical indications of multiple myeloma have been found. It is concluded that association of lipoproteins with IgA globulin in the serum of this patient with hyperlipidemia, hyper-IgA globulinemia did not prevent the development of atherosclerotic lesions and the deposition of lipids and lipoproteins in the plaques. It is possible that the lipoprotein-immunoglobulin association may have retarded the process, since it became manifest only after many years of known hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Autoimmune hyperlipidemia in a patient. Atherosclerotic course and chaning immunoglobulin pattern during 21 years of study. 16 71

It is fairly frequent to encounter hyperlipemia on a rheumatic unit. Firstly the symptoms of certain idiopathic hyperlipemias sometimes include rheumatic changes. The latter include firstly, arthritis and tendinitis, above all observed in Type II hyperlipoproteinemia but also mentionned in Type IV, and secondly, exceptional bony lesions (generally of xanthoma type) which seem to occur exclusively in severe hyperglyceridemia. A few bone and joint diseases, such as gout or aseptic necrosis, frequently coexist with dyslipemia. Furthermore, various diseases may be simultaneously responsible for secondary hyperlipemia and involvement of the locomotor apparatus. Finally, the iatrogenic manifestations of the locomotor system appear mainly due to hypolipemic drugs, e.g. the muscle disorders seen in a few patients treated with clofibrate.
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PMID:[Hyperlipemias and their manifestations in the rheumatological sphere]. 19 31

Clinicopathologic findings are reported of a woman with generalized plane xanthoma, multiple myeloma (IgG type K), and hyperlipemia with very high levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Complexing of the serum lipoproteins and immunoglobulins had cryoglobulin properties and was separable by ultracentrifugation. Immunofluorescent studies of skin and bone marrow demonstrated deposits of IgG with low density lipoprotein apoprotein and IgG with beta-lipoprotein, respectively. Although immunosuppressive therapy resulted in return of serum IgG, lipid, and lipoprotein levels to normal, the patient died from the myeloma. Serum lipoprotein-paraprotein complexes have been demonstrated in at least 20 other cases of cutaneous xanthomatosis and myeloma. This interaction may result in an autoimmune hyperlipemia.
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PMID:Plane xanthoma and multiple myeloma with lipoprotein--paraprotein complexing. 34 19

Xanthelasma palpebrarum is the most common xanthoma and is associated with other xanthomas or hyperlipemia syndromes in only 5 percent of the patients--even though one third of the affected patients have an elevated serum cholesterol level. Surgical excision is simple, safe, leaves minimal scarring, and will be definitive in more than half of the patients being treated for the first time. Reexcision may still be worthwhile if the xanthelasma recurs. However, recurrence is to be anticipated if all 4 eyelids are involved, if there is an underlying hyperlipemia syndrome, or if there has been more than one previous recurrence.
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PMID:Xanthelasma: follow-up on results after surgical excision. 98 98

The two cases described exhibited elastopathy associated with arterial stenosis (case 1) or aneurysms (case 2). The first was clearly a case of elastic pseudo-xanthoma with characteristic cutaneous lesions associated with retinal angioid streaks and severe arterial lesions, notably stenosis of the vertebral arteries (especially the left) causing disorders in the mechanism of balance. There were, in addition, mild diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and abnormal cutaneous pigmentation. The second patient, an African, had been hospitalised for an optochiasmatic syndrome which further investigation, notably by arteriography, indicated was caused by compression of the visual pathways due to massive bilateral carotid aneurysms. The patient had molluscoid pseudo-tumours of the axillae and she reported that her father was in the same condition. Although in the first case, cutaneous biopsy enabled diagnosis of systematized elastorrhexis to be confirmed, histological investigation in the second case revealed mainly hyaline sclerosis of the deep dermal layer. The diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos disease, suggested for this second patient, could not be confirmed. These two cases emphasize the possibility of various neurological disorders occurring in the course of dystrophy of the connectivo elastic tissue.
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PMID:[Cutaneous elastopathy and vascular anomalies associated with neurological disorders. Apropos of 2 cases]. 120 57

This summary of management of pill patients covers contraindications, individualizing pill formulations for normal women, and for diabetics, hypertensives, hyperlipidemics and those with personal or familial history of thrombophebitic or vascular disorders. The estrogen or progestagen balance of a pill can be selected to suit the individual. All patients beginning oral contraception should have pelvic exam, breast exam, cervical smear, fasting blood glucose, hematology and SMA-12, repeated in 3 months and yearly thereafter. Normally the pill causes transitory deterioration in glucose tolerance, increased growth hormone, a permanent change in insulin response, effects that are irreversible in 20% of users. Prediabetics should be given sequentials; diabetics should be followed weekly or monthly during oral contraception. Severe hypertension occurs in about 1% of pill users, but the risk is 4 times higher in women who had hypertension in pregnancy. Patients with increased personal or familial risk should be checked every 3 months and pills stopped immediately if blood pressure exceeds 150/100. In pill users cholesterol and free fatty acids remain normal, but lipoproteins, lecithins and triglycerides increase after 6 weeks to a plateau by 6-18 months, in proportion to estrogen dose. Since patients normally only discover hyperlipidemia after a clinical event such as xanthoma or vascular accident, those with related familial or personal history should have blood lipid studies every 3 months, and be given a progestagen only pill. Adolescents who are at high risk of pregnancy should receive progestagen or sequential pills, if their growth, bone age, hypothalamic function and reproductive organs are mature. The risk of idiopathic or posttraumatic thromboembolism is 3-9 times higher in pill users than in the normal population, but the only way of testing for risk in an individual is to do a detailed series of coagulation tests. Those predisposed should be given progestagen only or low dose pills.
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PMID:[Program of surveillance of patients under oral contraceptives]. 122 Jan 2

Ninety-eight females exhibiting xanthelasma have been examined for hyperlipoproteinaemia. Fifty-four (55.1%) have shown signs of this defect and forty-two (77.8%) of these have shown the Type II abnormality. Low cholesterol diets have shown that the hyperlipidaemia can be reversed within nine months of the patients starting the diet, and in the majority of cases, the serum lipid concentration can be kept within normal limits by diet alone. The application of low cholesterol diets to patients with xanthelasma does not cause any regression of the plaques.
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PMID:Xanthelasma and hyperlipoproteinaemia. 124 68

Atherosclerosis is a fundamental cause of life-threatening disorders, such as ischemic heart disease or stroke. Therefore, prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is a matter of importance. In atherosclerotic lesions, there are many foam cells which contain large amounts of cholesteryl ester. In particular, most of these foam cells in the early stage of atherosclerosis derive from monocytes/macrophages. Today, foam cell transformation of macrophages in subendothelial space is considered to occur by a mechanism in which macrophages take up oxidized low density lipoprotein. We have already discovered that atherosclerosis of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits, an animal model for hereditary hyperlipidemia and severe atherosclerosis, could be prevented by probucol. This drug was originally developed as an antioxidant, and the mechanism of prevention of atherogenesis with this drug is considered that it prevents oxidative modification of LDL. On the other hand, probucol also causes regression of xanthoma in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. This effect implies that probucol can be effective for treatment of atheromatous lesions, because xanthoma is a lesion which consists of macrophage-derived foam cells. However, the precise mechanism of probucol in causing regression of xanthoma has not been clarified. Considering these observations, we paid special attention to the oxidative modification of high density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL makes contact with foam cells in subendothelial space and stimulates efflux of cholesterol. This is the very place where oxidative modification of LDL is considered to occur. Therefore, it is rational to attempt to determine what would happen when HDL is oxidized and whether probucol could prevent oxidative modification of HDL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on atherosclerosis with an animal model]. 161 1

Lid tumors appear to invite the physician to make a diagnosis at first glance. This poster displays examples of lid tumors that occur in the context of malignancies, inflammatory and metabolic diseases and phacomatoses. The most frequent primary sites in metastatic eyelid tumors are the breast, the lung and cutaneous melanoma. Because of their comparatively low incidence and variable appearance these lid tumors are, at least in the beginning, often misinterpreted. Careful differential diagnosis may help in avoiding the diagnostic pitfalls of the masquerade syndromes. Lid tumors associated with sarcoidosis, lupus erythematosus discoides, lupus vulgaris, syphilis are briefly mentioned. Xanthelasmas occur more frequently in diabetics than in the normal population. About 5% of patients with xanthelasma suffer from hyperlipidemia. Neurofibromas and cavernous hemangiomas of the lid may accompany von Recklinghausen's and Sturge-Weber's diseases.
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PMID:[Tumorous eyelid changes in systemic diseases]. 161 52

We surveyed the efficacy and safety of probucol (Sinlestal) in 6,002 patients with hyperlipidemia during the past six years between Oct., 1984 and Sep., 1990. Probucol was usually administered for more than 8 weeks at a dose of 500 mg per day and effects on serum lipids and adverse drug events (ADEs) were investigated. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and HDL cholesterol (HDL) significantly decreased by 16-20%, 6-9% and 15-20% respectively. Further, LDL cholesterol (LDL) decreased by 15-19%. ADEs were reported in 2.7% (161/6,002 subjects), but severity was mild or moderate. In addition to survey in 6,002 patients, the effect on regression of xanthomas and safety in long-term administration of over one year was investigated in 44 and 142 patients, respectively. Regression of xanthoma was observed in 63.6% (28/44 subjects). Probucol was well tolerated in long-term administration. These PMS results showed probucol to possess good therapeutic efficacy and safety.
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PMID:Post-marketing surveillance of probucol (Sinlestal) in Japan. 163 56


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