Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The best way to prevent early growth failure in children with renal disease is by the use of specified nutrition and appropriate buffer, activated vitamin D, and calcium-containing phosphate binders as needed. With prenatal diagnosis of anatomically abnormal kidneys available, this type of early intervention may be much more feasible in the 1990s. 2. Supplemental sodium and water in children with polyuria and intravascular volume depletion may prevent growth failure. Cow milk is detrimental in this group of individuals because of high solute and protein load, often causing intravascular volume depletion, hyperphosphatemia, and acidosis. 3. Children with acquired glomerular disease may need sodium restriction and, if treated with steroids, a diet low in saturated fat. 4. Children with nephrotic syndrome and severe edema should be evaluated for malabsorption and subsequent malnutrition. Protein intake should be supplemented only at the RDA and to replace ongoing losses. Long-term sodium restriction is appropriate. Hyperlipidemia should be monitored: if nephrosis is chronic, a low saturated fat diet should be instituted. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can decrease urinary protein loss and may ameliorate hyperlipidemia. Children resistant to therapy can have very high morbidity. 5. Children with <50 % of normal creatinine clearance should have PTH measured and activated vitamin D therapy should be started if PTH is elevated more than two to three times normal. Thereafter careful monitoring of calcium, phosphorus, and PTH is crucial to prevent renal osteodystrophy, low turnover bone disease, and hypercalcemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. 6. Children with tubular defects with severe polyuria also may benefit from low-solute, high-volume feedings. 7. All physicians caring for children with renal disease should have pediatric nephrology consultation available. Prevention of growth failure is much more cost effective than pharmacologic therapy. Before initiating growth hormone treatment for growth retardation, assiduous treatment of co-existing renal osteodystrophy and provision of optimal nutritional intake should be accomplished.
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PMID:Nutritional management of the child with mild to moderate chronic renal failure. 876 44

Socio-demographic, anthropometric assessment, dietary pattern, lifestyle of 384 Thai elderly (55 males and 329 females) aged 60-94 years, who were members of an informal social activity group, were investigated. The 3-day dietary record was determined with the help of food models by random sampling of the group (seven males and 25 females). Most of the males investigated were married (88.9%), whereas 42.9% of the females were widowed. Nearly all of the elderly investigated lived with their relatives. Only 3% of the elderly had never attended school. More elderly males than females smoked or had smoked in the past, and this applies also to their drinking habits. The health situation of the individuals investigated seemed to be satisfactory. The most frequent diseases found among the elderly were chronic diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. No statistically significant difference in body mass index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), and hip circumference was found between males and females. Weight, height, mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), arm span, waist, waist/hip ratio and blood pressure of the males were significantly higher than those of the females. Tricep skin-fold thickness (TSF) and subscapular skin-fold thickness (SST) were lower for males than for females. A total of 54.5% of the males and 50.5% of the females were found to be over-nourished. Less than 2% of all the individuals investigated were undernourished. No significant differences were observed for all nutrients between the males and females. Intake of dietary energy from food for males and females was 69.8 and 75.5%, respectively, compared with the Thai RDA. When calculating the intake of macro-nutrients as percentage of total calorie intake, about 17% of the total calorie intake was attributed to fat, 13% to protein and 70% to carbohydrate for the males. For the females, the figures were 17, 15, and 68%, respectively. Intake of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin B1, B2 and niacin seem to be inadequate for both sexes.
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PMID:Activity, dietary intake, and anthropometry of an informal social group of Thai elderly in Bangkok. 1086 68